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Perspektiven kritischer Psychologie und qualitativer Forschung pp 245–268Cite as

Diskursanalyse: Dimensionen der Kritik in der Psychologie

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Zusammenfassung

Während kritische Psychologie in Großbritannien zeitweise als synonym mit Diskurstheorie, Diskursanalyse und diskursiver Psychologie gelten konnte, ist die Diskursanalyse dort inzwischen ein anerkanntes Verfahren der akademischen Psychologie. In diesem Etablierungsprozess hat sich der Begriff der Diskursanalyse so weit ausdifferenziert, dass er inzwischen ein Feld verschiedenere Methodologien und Methoden bezeichnet, die nur noch wenige gemeinsame Überschneidungen aufweisen. Um einen Überblick über dieses komplexe Feld zu vermitteln, differenziert Parker zwischen den Ebenen, die der jeweilige Ansatz fokussiert: Während die Konversationsanalyse, die Ethnomethodologie, die Narrative Analyse sowie die Thematische Analyse die Mikroebene von Interaktionen in detaillierter Weise beleuchten, überschreiten die Critical Discourse Analysis, die Foucaultsche Diskursanalyse, die Semiotische Diskursanalyse und die Politische Diskurstheorie diese Ebene, um auch Effekte gesellschaftlicher Macht und ideologischer Sinn-Systeme in den Blick zu bekommen.

Übersetzt von Manfred Momberger unter Mitarbeit der Herausgeber*innen

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Anm. d. Hrsg.: Diese Schwerpunktsetzung wird gemeinhin als linguistic turn bezeichnet.

  2. 2.

    „The baby cried. The mommy picked it up“.

  3. 3.

    Ausgehend von der Verflechtung von Wissen und Sein wirft die „Membership Categorisation Analysis“ (MCA) die Frage auf, wie das Verständnis „ethnographischer“ Kategorien vertieft werden kann. Hier beginnt die MCA, eher an die Ethnomethodologie als an die KA anzuschließen (Hansen 2005).

  4. 4.

    Pathologisierende Begriffe wie „psychotisch“ können immer gegen das Machtsystem gewendet werden, um beispielsweise zu fragen, inwiefern diese Diskurse, die andere etikettieren, selbst „psychotische Diskurse“ sind (Hook und Parker 2002). Diese Form der Diskursanalyse sucht immer nach Konfliktpunkten, sodass sie subversiver als ein bloß methodologisches Interesse an „Widersprüchen“ ist.

  5. 5.

    In den ersten Jahren versuchten einige Richtungen der CDA Marx und Freud zu integrieren (Hodge und Kress 1988) – ein Versuch, der durch die „kognitive“ Wendung in der CDA völlig in Vergessenheit geraten ist.

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  1. University of Leicester, Manchester Institute of Education, LE1 7RH, Leicester, UK

    Ian Parker

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  1. Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    Denise Heseler

  2. Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    Robin Iltzsche

  3. Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    Olivier Rojon

  4. Institut für Soziologie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Hessen, Germany

    Jonas Rüppel

  5. Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    Tom David Uhlig

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Parker, I. (2017). Diskursanalyse: Dimensionen der Kritik in der Psychologie. In: Heseler, D., Iltzsche, R., Rojon, O., Rüppel, J., Uhlig, T. (eds) Perspektiven kritischer Psychologie und qualitativer Forschung. Springer, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-14020-5_12

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