Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Diversity Kompetenz in Bezug auf Gender: Sozialpsychologisches Wissen über Geschlechterstereotype und Geschlechterrollen

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Handbuch Diversity Kompetenz

Part of the book series: Springer Reference Psychologie ((SRP))

  • 20k Accesses

Zusammenfassung

Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über das sozialpsychologische Wissen über Geschlechterstereotype und Geschlechterrollen, welches für Diversity-Kompetenz in Bezug auf Gender unerlässlich ist. Geschlechterstereotype schreiben Frauen und Männern unterschiedliche Fähigkeiten und Eigenschaften zu. Sie schränken ein, welche Verhaltensweisen, Interessen und Berufe Frauen und Männer für sich in Betracht ziehen. Situationen, in denen Geschlechterstereotype aktiviert werden, mindern die Leistungen von Frauen in Bezug auf typisch maskuline Fähigkeiten. Wenn durch die geringe Zahl anwesender Frauen oder andere Hinweise nahegelegt wird, dass Frauen ‚nicht dazugehören‘, sinkt das Interesse von Frauen beispielsweise an Studienfächern und Arbeitsstellen. Auch überdauernde Stereotype von Fächern und Berufen bilden eine Hürde, die Frauen von bestimmten Karrieren abhält. Wenn Personalverantwortlichen wenig objektive Informationen vorliegen und sie sich keine Zeit nehmen, ein überlegtes Urteil auf der Basis tatsächlicher Fakten zu bilden, laufen sie Gefahr, Frauen auf Basis von Geschlechterstereotypen schlechter zu beurteilen als Männer mit objektiv gleichen Qualifikationen. Rollenaufteilungen in der Partner- und Elternschaft erleichtern die Karrieren von Männern, erschweren aber diejenigen (heterosexueller) Frauen. Damit stellen Geschlechterstereotype und traditionelle Geschlechterrollen auch heute noch Hürden für die Karrieren von Frauen dar.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 59.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Literatur

  • Amanatullah, E. T., & Morris, M. W. (2010). Negotiating gender roles: Gender differences in assertive negotiating are mediated by women’s fear of backlash and attenuated when negotiating on behalf of others. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 98(2), 256–267.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Appel, M., Kronberger, N., & Aronson, J. (2011). Stereotype threat impairs ability building: Effects on test preparation among women in science and technology. European Journal of Social Psychology, 41, 904–913.

    Google Scholar 

  • Asgari, S., Dasgupta, N., & Stout, J. G. (2012). When do counterstereotypic ingroup members inspire versus deflate? The effect of successful professional women on young women’s leadership self-concept. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 38(3), 370–383.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baron, R. A., Markman, G. D., & Hirsa, A. (2001). Perceptions of women and men as entrepreneurs: Evidence for differential effects of attributional augmenting. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(5), 923–929.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bathmann, N., Cornelißen, W., & Müller, D. (2013). Gemeinsam zum Erfolg? Berufliche Karrieren von Frauen in Paarbeziehungen. Wiesbaden: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Biernat, M., & Kobrynowicz, D. (1997). Gender- and race-based standards of competence: lower minimum standards but higher ability standards for devalued groups. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72(3), 544–557.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bruckmüller, S., Hegarty, P., & Abele, A. E. (2012). Framing gender differences: linguistic normativity affects perceptions of power and gender stereotypes. European Journal of Social Psychology, 42, 210–218.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bruckmüller, S., Ryan, M. K., Haslam, S. A., & Peters, K. (2013). Ceilings, cliffs, and labyrinths: Exploring metaphors for workplace gender discrimination. In M. K. Ryan & N. R. Branscome (Hrsg.), The SAGE handbook of gender and psychology (S. 450–464). London: Sage Publications.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Cadinu, M., & Galdi, S. (2012). Gender differences in implicit gender self- categorization lead to stronger gender self- stereotyping by women than by men. European Journal of Social Psychology, 42, 546–551.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ceci, S. J., Williams, W. M., & Barnett, S. M. (2009). Women’s underrepresentation in science: Sociocultural and biological considerations. Psychological Bulletin, 135(2), 218–261.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cheryan, S., Drury, B. J., & Vichayapai, M. (2013). Enduring influence of stereotypical computer science role models on women’s academic aspirations. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 37, 72–79.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cheryan, S., Plaut, V. C., Davies, P. G., & Steele, C. M. (2009). Ambient belonging: How stereotypical cues impact gender participation in computer science. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 97(6), 1045–1060.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Correll, S. J., Benard, S., & Paik, I. (2007). Getting a job: Is there a motherhood penalty? American Journal of Sociology, 112(5), 1297–1338.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deaux, K., & Major, B. (1987). Putting gender into context: An interactive model of gender-related behavior. Psychological Review, 94(3), 369–389.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Diekman, A. B., & Eagly, A. H. (2000). Stereotypes as dynamic constructs: Women and men of the past, present, and future. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26(10), 1171–1188.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eagly, A. H., & Steffen, V. J. (1984). Gender stereotypes stem from the distribution of women and men into social roles. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46(4), 735–754.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ehrke, F., & Steffens, M. C. (2014). Diversity-Trainings – Einstellungen zwischen Gruppen sozialpsychologisch fundiert verbessern. In M. Sauerland & O. L. Braun (Hrsg.), Aktuelle Trends in der Personal- und Organisationsentwicklung (S. 127–159). Hamburg: Windmühle.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ellemers, N., Rink, F., Derks, B., & Ryan, M. K. (2012). Women in high places: When and why promoting women into top positions can harm them individually or as a group (and how to prevent this). Research in Organizational Behavior: An Annual Series of Analytical Essays and Critical Reviews, 32, 163–187.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Evers, A., & Sieverding, M. (2014). Why do highly qualified women (still) earn less? Gender differences in long-term predictors of career success. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 38(1), 93–106.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fiske, S. T., Cuddy, A. J. C., Glick, P., & Xu, J. (2002). A model of (often mixed) stereotype content: Competence and warmth respectively follow from perceived status and competition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(6), 878–902.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Greenwald, A. G., & Banaji, M. R. (1995). Implicit social cognition: Attitudes, self-esteem, and stereotypes. Psychological Review, 102(1), 4–27.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Guimond, S., Martinot, D., Chatard, A., Crisp, R.J., & Redersdorff, S. (2006). Social comparison, self-stereotyping, and gender differences in self-construals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90, 221–242.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gupta, V. K., Turban, D. B., & Bhawe, N. M. (2008). The effect of gender stereotype activation on entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(5), 1053–1061.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hannover, B., & Kessels, U. (2004). Self-to-prototype matching as a strategy for making academic choices. Why high school students do not like math and science. Learning and Instruction, 14(1), 51–67.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Inesi, M. E., & Cable, D. M. (2015). When accomplishments come back to haunt you: The negative effect of competence signals on women’s performance evaluations. Personnel Psychology (Advance online publication), 68(3), 615–657. doi:10.1111/peps.12083.

    Google Scholar 

  • Inzlicht, M., & Ben-Zeev, T. (2000). A threatening intellectual environment: Why females are susceptible to experiencing problem-solving deficits in the presence of males. Psychological Science, 11(5), 365–371.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kessels, U., & Hannover, B. (2008). When being a girl matters less: Accessibility of gender-related self-knowledge in single-sex and coeducational classes and its impact on students’ physics-related self-concept of ability. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 78, 273–289.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Leaper, C., & Friedman, C. K. (2007). The socialization of gender. In J. E. Grusec & P. D. Hastings (Hrsg.), Handbook of socialization. Theory and research (S. 561–587). New York: Guilford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Murphy, M. C., Steele, C. M., & Gross, J. J. (2007). Signaling threat: How situational cues affect women in math, science, and engineering settings. Psychological Science, 18(10), 879–885.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nguyen, H.-H.D., & Ryan, A.M. (2008). Does stereotype threat affect test performance of minorities and women? A meta-analysis of experimental evidence. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(6), 1314–1334.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nosek, B. A., Banaji, M. R., & Greenwald, A. G. (2002). Math = male, me = female, therefore math not = me. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83(1), 44–59.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Parks-Stamm, E. J., Heilman, M. E., & Hearns, K. A. (2008). Motivated to penalize: Women’s strategic rejection of successful women. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34(2), 237–247.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rosette, A. S., & Tost, L. P. (2010). Agentic women and communal leadership: How role prescriptions confer advantage to top women leaders. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95, 221–235.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Roth, P. L., Purvis, K. L., & Bobko, P. (2012). A meta-analysis of gender group differences for measures of job performance in field studies. Journal of Management, 38(2), 719–739.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rudman, L. A., Moss-Racusin, C. A., Phelan, J. E., & Nauts, S. (2012). Status incongruity and backlash effects: Defending the gender hierarchy motivates prejudice against female leaders. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 48(1), 165–179.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schein, V. E. (2001). A global look at psychological barriers to women’s progress in management. Journal of Social Issues, 57(4), 675–688.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schneeweis, N., & Zweimüller, M. (2012). Girls, girls, girls: Gender composition and female school choice. Economics of Education Review, 31(4), 482–500.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Spencer, S. J., Steele, C. M., & Quinn, D. (1999). Stereotype threat and women’s math performance. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 35(1), 4–28.

    Google Scholar 

  • Statistisches Bundesamt (2014). Auf dem Weg zur Gleichstellung? Bildung, Arbeit und Soziales – Unterschiede zwischen Frauen und Männern. Wiesbaden: Statistisches Bundesamt.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steffens, M., & Ebert, I. D. (2016). Frauen – Männer – Karrieren. Eine sozialpsychologische Perspektive auf Frauen in männlich geprägten Arbeitskontexten. Wiesbaden: Springer VS.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steffens, M. C., & Jelenec, P. (2011). Separating implicit gender stereotypes regarding math and language: implicit ability stereotypes are self-serving for boys and men, but not for girls and women. Sex Roles, 64, 324–335.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Steffens, M. C., Jelenec, P., & Noack, P. (2010). On the leaky math pipeline: Comparing implicit math-gender stereotypes and math withdrawal in female and male children and adolescents. Journal of Educational Psychology, 102, 947–963.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Steffens, M. C., & Mehl, B. (2003). Erscheinen „Karrierefrauen“ weniger sozial kompetent als „Karrieremänner“? – Geschlechterstereotype und Kompetenzzuschreibung. Zeitschrift für Sozialpsychologie, 34, 173–185.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Steffens, M. C., Schult, J. C., & Ebert, I. D. (2009). Feminization of management leads to backlash against agentic applicants: lack of social skills, not gender, determines low hireability judgments in student samples. Psychology Science Quarterly, 51, 16–46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steffens, M. C., & Viladot, M. A. (2015). Gender at work: A social-psychological perspective. New York: Peter Lang.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stout, J. G., Dasgupta, N., Hunsinger, M., & McManus, M. A. (2011). STEMing the tide: Using ingroup experts to inoculate women’s self-concept in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 100(2), 255–270.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Swim, J. K., & Sanna, L. J. (1996). He’s skilled, she’s lucky: A meta-analysis of obersver’s attributions for women’s and men’s successes and failures. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22(5), 507–519.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Uhlmann, E. L., & Cohen, G. L. (2005). Constructed criteria: Redefining merit to justify discrimination. Psychological Science, 16, 474–480.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Universität Koblenz Landau, Landau in der Pfalz, Deutschland

    Melanie C. Steffens

  2. Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Deutschland

    Jenny Roth

Authors
  1. Melanie C. Steffens
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jenny Roth
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Melanie C. Steffens .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Hochschule Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany

    Petia Genkova

  2. Hochschule Merseburg, Merseburg, Germany

    Tobias Ringeisen

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Steffens, M.C., Roth, J. (2016). Diversity Kompetenz in Bezug auf Gender: Sozialpsychologisches Wissen über Geschlechterstereotype und Geschlechterrollen. In: Genkova, P., Ringeisen, T. (eds) Handbuch Diversity Kompetenz. Springer Reference Psychologie . Springer, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-08853-8_22

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-08853-8_22

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Wiesbaden

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-658-08852-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-658-08853-8

  • eBook Packages: Psychology (German Language)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation