Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Demokratie und Krise pp 181–219Cite as

Niedergang oder Wandel?

Parteitypen und die Krise der repräsentativen Demokratie

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Zusammenfassung

Viele Parteien- und Demokratieforscherinnen beobachten seit Jahrzehnten besorgt den Niedergang politischer Parteien, gerade weil diese ein unverzichtbares Element repräsentativer Demokratie darstellen. Dabei wird auf diverse Indikatoren verwiesen, welche diesen Trend belegen: ein Rückgang der Stimmanteile von etablierten Parteien, ein Erstarken von Dritt- und Nischenparteien, eine zunehmende Relevanz anderer Akteure in Bereichen, die traditionell von Parteien abgedeckt werden, sowie schwindende Parteimitgliedschaften. Diese Entwicklungen werden oft als Ursachen für Missstände im demokratischen Prozess und der repräsentativen Demokratie an sich diskutiert. Derartige Kausalbehauptungen beruhen jedoch maßgeblich auf theoretischen Annahmen. Eine systematische empirische Untersuchung des Kausalzusammenhangs zwischen dem Niedergang der Parteien und einer Schwächung (oder Krise) der Demokratie steht noch aus.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   59.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   89.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Literatur

  • Adams, James, Michael Clark, Lawrence Ezrow und Garrett Glasgow. 2006. Are Niche Parties Fundamentally Different from Mainstream Parties? The Causes and the Electoral Consequences of Western European Parties’ Policy Shifts, 1976-1998. American Journal of Political Science 50 (3): 513–529.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Adams, James und Lawrence Ezrow. 2009. Who Do European Parties Represent? How Western European Parties Represent the Policy Preferences of Opinion Leaders. Journal of Politics 71 (1): 206–223.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Allen, Christopher S. 2009. ‘Empty Nets’: Social Democracy and the ‘Catch-All Party Thesis’ in Germany and Sweden. Party Politics 15 (5): 635–653.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bardi, Luciano, Stefano Bartolini und Alexander Trechsel. 2014. Party Adaptation and Change and the Crisis of Democracy. Party Politics 20 (2): 151–159.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bartolini, Stefano. 2007. The Political Mobilization of the European Left, 1860-1980. The Class Cleavage. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Benoit, Kenneth und Michael Laver. 2006. Party Policy in Modern Democracies. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blais, André. 2006. What Affects Voter Turnout? Annual Review of Political Science 9, S. 111–125.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blyth, Mark und Richard Katz. 2005. From Catch-all Politics to Cartelisation: The Political Economy of the Cartel Party. West European Politics 28 (1): 33–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bornschier, Simon. 2010. Cleavage Politics and the Populist Right. The New Cultural Conflict in Western Europe. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Budge, Ian und Hans Keman. 1990. Parties and Democracy: Coalition Formation and Government Functioning in 22 Democracies. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Conrad, Courtaney R. und Sona N. Golder. 2010. Measuring Government Duration and Stability in Central Eastern European Democracies. European Journal of Political Research 49 (1): 119–150.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crouch, Colin. 2004. Post-Democracy. Cambridge: Polity Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crozier, Michel J., Samuel P. Huntington und Joji Watanuki. 1975. The Crisis of Democracy. Report on the Governability of Democracies to the Trilateral Commission. New York: New York University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Daalder, Hans. 1992. A Crisis of Party? Scandinavian Political Studies 15 (4): 269–288.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dalton, Russell J. 2002. The Decline of Party Identifications. In Parties Without Partisans. Political Change in Advanced Industrial Democracies, hrsg. Russell J. Dalton und Martin P. Wattenberg, 19-43. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dalton, Russell J. und Martin P. Wattenberg. Hrsg. 2002. Parties Without Partisans. Political Change in Advanced Industrial Democracies. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dennis, Jack. 1966. Support for the Party System by the Mass Public. American Political Science Review 60 (3): 600–615.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Downs, Anthony. 1957. An Economic Theory of Political Action in a Democracy. The Journal of Political Economy 65 (2): 135–150.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Duverger, Maurice. 1963. Political Parties. Their Organization and Activity in the Modern State. New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Epstein, Leon. 1967. Political Parties in Western Democratic Systems. London: Pall Mall Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fraenkel, Charles. 1964. Bureaucracy and democracy in the new Europe. Daedalus 93 (1): 471–513.

    Google Scholar 

  • Franklin, Mark N. 2004. Voter Turnout and the Dynamics of Electoral Competition in Established Democracies Since 1945. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Franzmann, Simon und André Kaiser. 2006. Locating Political Parties in the Policy Space. A Reanalysis of Party Manifesto Data. Party Politics 12 (2):163–188.

    Google Scholar 

  • Giddens, Anthony. 2000. The Third Way and Its Critics. London: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Golder, Matt und Jacek Stramski. 2010. Ideological Congruence and Electoral Institutions. American Journal of Political Science 54 (1): 90–106.

    Google Scholar 

  • Graubard, Stephen R. Hrsg. 1964. A New Europe? Boston: Houghton Mifflin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gunther, Richard und Larry Diamond. 2001. Types and Functions of Parties. In Political Parties and Democracy, hrsg. Larry J. Diamond und Richard Gunther, 3-39. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gunther, Richard und Larry Diamond. 2003. Species of Political Parties: A New Typology. Party Politics 9 (2): 167–199.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haas, Ernst B. 1964. Technology, Pluralism and the New Europe. In A New Europe?, hrsg. Stephen R. Graubard, 62-88. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heidar, Knut und Jo Saglie. 2003. A Decline of Linkage? Intra-Party Participation in Norway, 1991-2000. European Journal of Political Research 42 (6): 761–786.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ignazi, Piero. 1996. The Crisis of Parties and the Rise of New Political Parties. Party Politics 2 (4): 549–566.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Immergut, Ellen M. 1990. Institutions, Veto-Points, and Policy Results. A Comparative Analysis of Health Care. Journal of Public Policy 10 (4): 391–416.

    Google Scholar 

  • Inglehart, Ronald F. 1977. Values, Objective Needs, and Subjective Satisfaction Among Western Publics. Comparative Political Studies 9 (4): 429–458.

    Google Scholar 

  • Katz, Richard S. und Peter Mair. 1992. The Membership of Political Parties in European Democracies, 1960-1990. European Journal of Political Research 22 (3): 329–345.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Katz, Richard S. und Peter Mair. 1995. Changing Models of Party Organization and Party Democracy: The Emergence of the Cartel Party. Party Politics 1 (1): 5–28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kirchheimer, Otto. 1954. Parteistruktur und Massendemokratie in Europa. Archiv des Öffentlichen Rechts 79 (3): 301–325.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kirchheimer, Otto. 1965. Der Wandel des westeuropäischen Parteiensystems. Politische Vierteljahresschrift 6 (1): 20–41.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kitschelt, Herbert. 1993. The Green Phenomenon in Western Party Systems, and Policy.In Environmental Politics in the International Arena: Movements, Parties, Organizations, hrsg. Sheldon Kamieniecki, 93-112. New York: State University of New York Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kitschelt, Herbert und Regina Smyth. 2002. Programmatic Party Cohesion in Emerging Postcommunist Democracies: Russia in Comparative Context. Comparative Political Studies 35 (10): 1228–1256.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kriesi Hanspeter Edgar Grande Martin Dolezal Marc Helbling Dominic Hoeglinger, Swen Hutter und Bruno Wüst. 2012. Political Conflict in Western Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • LaPalombara, Joseph. 2007. Reflections on Political Parties and Political Development, Four Decades Later. Party Politics 13 (2): 141–154.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lawson, Kay und Peter H. Merkl. 1988. When Parties Fail: Emerging Alternative Organizations. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lijphart, Arend. 1999. Patterns of Democracy. New Haven: Yale University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lipset, Seymour M. und Stein Rokkan. 1967. Party Systems and Voter Alignments. Cross-National Perspectives. New York: The Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mair, Peter. 1989. Continuity, Change and the Vulnerability of Party. West European Politics 12 (4): 169–187.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mair, Peter. 1997. Party System Change. Approaches and Interpretations. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mair, Peter. 2006. Ruling the Void: The Hollowing of Western Democracy. New Left Review 42, S. 25–51.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mair, Peter. 2008. The Challenge to Party Government. West European Politics 31 (1–2): 211–234.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mair, Peter und Ingrid van Biezen. 2001. Party Membership in Twenty European Democracies, 1980-2000. Party Politics 7 (1): 5–21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mansbridge, Jane. 2011. Clarifying the Concept of Representation. American Political Science Review 105 (3): 621–630.

    Google Scholar 

  • Merkel, Wolfgang. 2004. Embedded and Defective Democracies. Democratization 11 (5): 33–58.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Merkel, Wolfgang, Alexander Petring, Christian Henkes und Christoph Egle. 2008. Social Democracy in Power. The Capacity to Reform. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Merz, Nicolas und Sven Regel. 2013. Die Programmatik der Parteien. In Handbuch Wahlforschung, hrsg. Oskar Niedermayer, 211-238. Wiesbaden: Springer VS.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mintzel, Alf. 1984. Die Volkspartei. Typus und Wirklichkeit. Ein Lehrbuch. Opladen: Westdeutscher Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Müller, Wolfgang C. und Kaare Strøm. 2000. Coalition Governments in Western Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oppenhuis, Erik, Cees van der Eijk und Mark N. Franklin. 1996. The Party Context. Outcomes. In Choosing Europe? The European Electorate and National Politics in the Face of the Union, hrsg. Cees van der Eijk und Mark N. Franklin, 287-305. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Panebianco, Angelo. 1988. Political Parties. Organization and Power. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pitkin, Hanna F. 1972. The Concept of Representation. Berkeley: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Poguntke, Thomas. 2012. Towards a New Party System: The Vanishing Hold of the Catch-All Parties in Germany. Party Politics 30, S. 1–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Powell Jr G. Bingham. 2009. The Ideological Congruence Controversy: The Impact of Alternative Measures, Data, and Time Periods on the Effects of Election Rules. Comparative Political Studies 42 (12): 1475–1497.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rehfeld, Andrew. 2009. Representation Rethought: On Trustees, Delegates, and Gyroscopes in the Study of Political Representation and Democracy. American Political Science Review 103 (2): 214–230.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reiter, Howard L. 1989. Party Decline in the West. A Skeptic’s View. Journal of Theoretical Politics 1 (3): 325–348.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sartori, Giovanni. 2005. Parties and Party Systems: A Framework for Analysis. Colchester: ECPR Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scarrow, Susan E. 2002. Parties Without Members. In Parties Without Partisans. Political Change in Advanced Industrial Democracies, hrsg. Russell J. Dalton und Martin P. Wattenberg, 79-100. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schattschneider, Elmer E. 1943. Party Government. New York: Rinehart.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schumpeter, Joseph A. 1942. Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy. New York: Harper & Brothers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spoon, Jae-Jae. 2009. Holding Their Own: Explaining the Persistence of Green Parties in France and the UK. Party Politics 15 (5): 615–634.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Strøm, Kaare. 2002. Parties at the Core of Government.I In Parties Without Partisans. Political Change in Advanced Industrial Democracies, hrsg. Russell J. Dalton und Martin P. Wattenberg, 180-204. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, Michael und V. M. Herman. 1971. Party Systems and Government Stability. American Political Science Review 65 (1): 28–37.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thomassen, Jacques. 1994. Empirical Research into Political Representation: Failing Democracy or Failing Models? In Elections at Home and Abroad. Essays in Honor of Warren E. Miller, hrsg. M. Kent Jennings und Thomas E. Mann, 237-265. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomassen, Jacques und Hermann Schmitt. 1997. Policy Representation. European Journal of Political Research 32 (2): 165–184.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tsebelis, Georg. 2002. Veto Players. How Political Institutions Work. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • van Biezen, Ingrid, Peter Mair und Thomas Poguntke. 2012. Going, going, … gone? The Decline of Party Membership in Contemporary Europe. European Journal of Political Research 51 (1): 24–56.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Volkens, Andrea, Judith Bara. McDonald., Ian Budge und Michael D Hrsg. 2013. Mapping Policy Preferences from Texts III. Statistical Solutions for Manifesto Analysts. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Volkens, Andrea, Pola Lehmann, Nicolas Merz, Sven Regel und Annika Werner mit Onawa Promise Lacewell und Henrike Schultze. 2012. The Manifesto Data Collection. Manifesto Project (MRG/CMP/MARPOR). Version 2012b. Berlin: Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung (WZB).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wagner, Aiko und Heiko Giebler. 2014. It’s the Responsibility, Stupid! Determinanten der Verantwortlichkeitszuschreibung zwischen Europäischer Union und nationaler Regierung für die wirtschaftliche Lage. Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Politikwissenschaft, Online-Erstpublikation, doi: 10.1007/s12286-014-0210-0.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wagner, Markus. 2012. ‘Defining and Measuring Niche Parties. Party Politics 18 (6): 845–864.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Werner, Annika, Onawa Promise Lacewell und Andrea Volkens. 2011. Manifesto Coding Instructions (4th fully revised edition). https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/information/documents?name=handbook_v4. Zugegriffen: 28.10.2013.

  • Whiteley, Paul F. 2011. Is the Party Over? The Decline of Party Activism and Membership Across the Democratic World. Party Politics 17 (1): 21–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • WZB. 2014. Datenbank „Elections, Parties, Governments“ der Abteilung „Demokratie und Demokratisierung“ am Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung (WZB).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Abt. Demokratie und Demokratisierung, Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung (WZB), Berlin, Deutschland

    Heiko Giebler, Sven Regel & Annika Werner

  2. Brückenprojekt The Political Sociology of Cosmopolitanism and Communitarianism, Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung (WZB), Berlin, Deutschland

    Dr. Onawa Promise Lacewell

Authors
  1. Heiko Giebler
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Dr. Onawa Promise Lacewell
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Sven Regel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Annika Werner
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Heiko Giebler .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin (WZB) für Sozialforschung, Berlin, Berlin, Germany

    Wolfgang Merkel

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Giebler, H., Lacewell, O., Regel, S., Werner, A. (2015). Niedergang oder Wandel?. In: Merkel, W. (eds) Demokratie und Krise. Springer VS, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-05945-3_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-05945-3_7

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer VS, Wiesbaden

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-658-05944-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-658-05945-3

  • eBook Packages: Humanities, Social Science (German Language)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation