Skip to main content

Fieber und endogene Hyperthermie durch pharmakologische, immunologische und physikalische Maßnahmen

  • Chapter

Zusammenfassung

Fieber ist ein jedem Laien geläufiger Begriff, er weiß aus eigener Erfahrung, was er darunter zu verstehen hat. Auch für den Arzt ist es ein eindeutiges, meßbares Krankheitssymptom, er kennt allerdings noch andere pathologische Steigerungen der Körpertemperatur, die er, wie z.B. beim Hitzschlag, nicht als Fieber, sondern als Überwärmung oder Hyperthermie bezeichnet. In einer wesentlich unglücklicheren Lage ist der Physiologe, der diese beiden Begriffe definieren, ihre Unterschiede beschreiben und erklären soll, wie Fieber und wie Hyperthermie zustande kommen Dazu fehlen ihm aber heute wesentliche Voraussetzungen. Noch vor 30 Jahren glaubte er zu wissen, daß die Körpertemperatur durch nervöse Zentren im Hypothalamus kontrolliert und konstant gehalten werde, er glaubte ihre Funktionsweise und ihre zentripetalen und zentrifugalen Verbindungen mit der Peripherie zu kennen. Fieber wurde als eine Störung der Funktion dieses Wärmezentrums bezeichnet, wobei allerdings umstritten war, ob es sich um eine Reizung, also eine aktive Leistung, oder eine Lähmung, d. h. Wegfall einer normalerweise von diesem Zentrum auf die Stoffwechselprozesse ausgeübten Hemmwirkung handelte (Freund 1926). Die stofflichen Veränderungen in den für das Fieber verantwortlichen Zellen waren unbekannt und sind es bis heute geblieben. Dazu sind viele der damals feststehenden Tatsachen ins Wanken geraten: Homoiothermie ist nicht einfach die Leistung eines Gehirnzentrums, sondern ist eine Eigenschaft des gesamten Organismus (Adolph 1951). Auch isolierte Gewebe behalten die charakteristischen homoiothermen Stoffwechseleigenschaf ten bei (Pichotka 1961). Wärmeregulation und Fieberfähigkeit sind nicht ausschließlich an die Intaktheit des Wärmezentrums im Hypothalamus oder dessen nervösen Verbindungen mit der Peripherie gebunden (Thauer 1939, 1941, 1958), langsam ablaufende Stoffwechseladaptationen an veränderte Umgebungstemperaturen sind auch ohne Zentrum möglich und kommen sogar bei poikilothermen Lebewesen (Precut 1955; Behmann und Meissner 1961, 1962) und Pflanzen (Pichotka 1957) vor. Schließlich macht uns auch die Tatsache Schwierigkeiten, daß die Normaltemperatur, also der Sollwert des Wärmereguliersystems keine konstante Größe ist (Nielsen 1937, 1938; Glaser und Newling 1957), sondern daß sie bei körperlicher Arbeit ansteigt und beim Menschen Werte bis zu 39° (Pembrey 1904, Löffler 1925 u. v. a.) erreichen kann. Dieselbe Körpertemperatur kann also einmal Fieber oder Hyperthermie, unter Umständen aber auch Normaltemperatur sein.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Literaturverzeichnis

  • Abderaalden, E., and Slavu: Weitere Studien über das physiologische Verhalten von 1-, cl-und dl-Suprarenin. III. Mitt. Hoppe-Seylers Z. physiol. Chem. 59, 129 (1909).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Abderhalden, R.: Über einen körpereigenen Leukocytose bewirkenden Faktor. Experientia (Basel) 4, 114 (1948).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Abderhalden, R.: Untersuchungen über das Vorkommen eines Leukocytose bewirkenden Stoffes im Harn. Z. Vitamin-, Hormon-and Fermentforsch. 2, 365 (1949).

    Google Scholar 

  • Abderhalden, R., G. Mall and H. Binder: Klinische Untersuchungen mit Leukerethin; seine Anwendung zur Umstimmungstherapie. Klin Wschr. 29, 444 (1951).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Abelin, I.: Über die Aktivierung des Schilddrüsenhormons durch Methylenblaand Biochem. Z. 326, 164 (1955).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Abrams, R., and H. T. Hammel: Cyclic variations in hypothalamic temperature in unasthetized rats. Amer. J. Physiol. 208, 698 (1965).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Adler, L.: Schilddrüse und Wärmeregulation (Untersuchungen an Winterschläfern). NaunynSchmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak 86, 159 (1920a).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Adler, L.: Der Angriffspunkt der Blutdrüsenhormone bei der Wärmeregulation. Weitere Untersuchungen an Winterschläfern. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 87, 406 (1920b).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Adler, L.: Untersuchungen über die Funktion des Pankreas. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 91, 110 (1921).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Adolph, E. F.: Some differences in response to low temperature between warm-blooded and cold-blooded vertebrates. Amer. J. Physiol. 166, 92 (1951).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Agolini, G.: I Pyrogeni. Giorn. ital. Chemioter. 4, 562 (1957).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aisenstat, M.: Die Lage des Wärmezentrums des Kaninchens und das Erkennen der Lage desselben durch äußere Merkmale. Arch. Physiol. 1909, 475.

    Google Scholar 

  • Asl, S. J.: Symposium on microbial toxins. Bact. Rev. 19, 263 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  • Alexander, B. F., L. F. Mueller and R. T. Nick: Evaluation of the guinea pig as a test animal for pyrogenicity studies. Fed. Proc. 13, 330 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  • Alexander, B. F., L. F. Mueller and R. T. Nick: Guinea pig as a test animal for pyrogenicity. Fed. Proc. 14, 313 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  • Allen, I. V.: The pathogenesis of fever in tuberculin hypersensitivity. Tubercle (Lond.) 46, 367 (1965).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Andersen, H. T., H. T. Hammel and J. D. Hardy: Effect of hypothalamic heating on the development of pyrogenic fever in the unanesthetized dog. Acta physiol. stand. 50, Suppl. 175, 6 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, W. H., and R. Brodersen: Hypothermia in the mouse as a bio-assay of endotoxin protection factor in impure penicillin. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 70, 322 (1949).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Andersson, B.: Cold defense reaction elicited by electrical stimulation within the septal area of the brain in goats. Acta physiol. scand. 41, 90 (1957).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Andersson, B., C. C. Gale, and J. W. Sirndsten: Effect of chronic central cooling on alimentation and thermoregulation. Acta physiol. scand. 55, 177 (1962).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Andersson, B., R. Grant and S. Larsson: Central control of heat loss mechanism in the goat. Acta physiol. scand. 37, 261 (1956).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Andersson, B., and N. Persson: Pronounced hypothermia elicited by prolonged stimulation of the heat loss centre in concious goats. Acta physiol. scand. 41, 10 (1957a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Andersson, B., and N. Persson: Pronounced hypothermia elicited by prolonged stimulation of the heat loss centre in unanesthetized goats. Acta physiol. scand. 41, 277 (1957b).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ankermann, H.: Über die Altersabhängigkeit der kalorigenen Wirkung von Noradrenalin. Acta biol. med. germ. 12, 711 (1964).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aoyama, K., F. Miyazawa, H. Kurisu, S. Hatta, H. Arai, Y. Fujita, M. Urabe, Y Sakai and T. Aoki: The preparation of bacterial pyrogenic substance and its clinical application. III. The effects of bacterial pyrogenic substance and of the antitumor substances upon Yoshida sarcoma and ascites carcinoma 130. Eisei Shikenjo Hôkoku 74, 361 (1956). Ref. Chem. Abstr. 51, 8198a (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  • Armin, J., and R. T. Grant: The vasoconstriction caused by a pyrogen. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 138, 417 (1957).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aronsoan, E.: Über den Ort der Wärmebildung in dem durch Gehirnstich erzeugten Fieber. Virchows Arch. path. Anat. 169, 501 (1902a).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aronsoan, E.: Das Wesen des Fiebers. Weitere Beiträge nach experimentellen Untersuchungen. Dtsch. med. Wschr. 28, 76 (1902b).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aronsoan, E., and J. Sachs: Ein Wärmezentrum im Großhirn. Dtsch. med. Wschr. 10, 823 (1884).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aronsoan, E., and J. Sachs: Die Beziehungen des Gehirns zur Körperwärme und zum Fieber. Experimentelle Untersuchungen. Arch. Physiol. 37, 232 (1885).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ascener, B.: Zur Physiologie des Zwischenhirns. Wien. klin. Wschr. 25, 1042 (1912).

    Google Scholar 

  • Athanasiu, J., and J. Cavallo: In CH. RICHET, Diet. de Physiologie 3, 81 (1898).

    Google Scholar 

  • Atkins, E.: The relation of a circulating endogenous pyrogen to the cause of experimental fever. Bull. N.Y. Acad. Med. 32, 846 (1956).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Atkins, E.: Pathogenesis of fever. Physiol. Rev. 40, 580 (1960).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Atkins, E.: Studies in staphylococcal fever. II. Responses to culture filtrates. Yale J. Biol. Med. 35, 472 (1963a).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Atkins, E.: Studies in staphylococcal fever. III. Tolerance to culture filtrates. Yale J. Biol. Med. 35, 489 (1963b).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Atkins, E., F. Auason, M. R. Smith and W. B. Wood: Studies on the antipyretic action of Cortisone in pyrogen-induced fever. J. exp. Med. 101, 353 (1955).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Atkins, E., and L. R. Freedman: Studies on the mechanism of fever following intravenous inoculation of Staphylococci. J. clin. Invest. 39, 969 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  • Atkins, E.: Studies on staphylococcal fever. I. Responses to bacterial cells. Yale J. Biol. Med. 35, 451 (1963).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Atkins, E., and W. CH. Huang: Studies on the pathogenesis of fever with influenzal viruses. I. The appearance of an endogenous pyrogen in the blood following intravenous injection of virus. J. exp. Med. 107, 383 (1958a).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Atkins, E., and W. CH. Huang: Studies on the pathogenesis of fever with influenzal viruses. II. The effects of endogenous pyrogen in normal and virus-tolerant recipients. J. exp. Med. 107, 403 (1958b).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Atkins, E., and W. CH. Huang: Studies on the pathogenesis of fever with influenzal viruses. III. The relations of tolerance to the production of endogenous pyrogen. J. exp. Med. 107, 415 (1958c).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Atkins, E., and E. S. Snell: Pyrogenic properties of various tissue extracts in the rabbit. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 169, 47 P (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  • Atkins, E., and E. S. Snell: A comparison of the biological properties of graunegative bacterial endotoxin with leucocyte and tissue pyrogens. In: Bacterial endotoxins, p. 134. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  • Atkins, E., and E. S. Snell: Fever. In: B. W. Zweifach, and R. T. Mccluskey, The inflammatory process. New York and London: Academic Press 1965.

    Google Scholar 

  • Atkins, E., and W. B. Woo l: The relation of circulating endogenous pyrogen to the cause of experimental fever. J. clin. Invest. 34, 911 (1955a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Atkins, E., and W. B. Woo l: Studies on the pathogenesis of fever. I. The presence of transferable pyrogen in the blood stream following injection of typhoid vaccine. J. exp. Med. 101, 519 (1955b).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Atkins, E., and W. B. Woo l: Studies on the pathogenesis of fever. II. Identification of an endogenous pyrogen in the blood stream following the injection of typhoid vaccine. J. exp. Med. 102, 499 (1955c).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Atli l, A. G.: Pyrogenic therapy. Brit. med. J. 1918I, 195.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bacq, Z., L. Brouh, and C. Heymans: Action des hyperthermisants chez le chat sympathectomisé. C. R. Soc. Biol. (Paris) 117, 255 (1934).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baciitold, H., and A. Fletscher: Einfluß von Isonikotinsäurehydraziden auf den Verlauf der Körpertemperatur nach Reserpin, Monoaminen and Chlorpromazin. Experientia (Basel) 13, 163 (1957).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bacterial endotoxins Proceedings of a Symposium. Herausg. M. Dandy and W. BRAUN. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baker, E. E., W. F. Goebel and E. Perlman: The specific antigens of variants of Shigella sommi. J. exp. Med. 89, 325 (1949).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Balcar, J. O., W. D. Sansum and R. T. Woodyatt: Fever and the water reserve of the body. Arch. intern. Med. 24, 116 (1919).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Banks, IL M.: A study of hyperpyrexia reaction following intravenous therapy. Amer. J. clin. Path. 4, 260 (1934).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bannister, R. G.: Anhidrosis following intravenous bacterial pyrogen. Lancet 1960 II, 118.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barbour, H. G.: Die Wirkung unmittelbarer Erwärmung and Abkühlung der Wärmecentra auf die Körpertemperatur. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 70, 1 (1912).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barbour, H. G.: Action of some derivatives of phenylethylamin. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 8, 126 (1916).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barbour, H. G.: The heat-regulating mechanism of the body. Physiol. Rev. 1, 295 (1921).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barbour, H. G., and J. Andrews: Morphine as a metabolic stimulant. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 54, 137 (1935).

    Google Scholar 

  • Barbour, H. G., J. A. Porter and J. M. Seelye: Morphine as a metabolic stimulant. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 65, 332 (1939).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barbour, H. G., and L. Pm-Non: The control of the respiratory exchange by heating and cooling the temperature centers. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 6, 1 (1914).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barbour, H. G., and E. S. Wncu: I. The direct application of drugs on the temperature centers. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 5, 105 (1913/14).

    Google Scholar 

  • Barelli, L.: Ricerche sull’incapacità degli ucelli a presentare temperature febbrili. Sperimentale 86, 409 (1932).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barger, G., and H. H. Dale: Ergotoxine and some other constituents of ergot. Biochem. J. 2, 240 (1907).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barker, S. B.: Absence of dinitro-cresol effect in thiouracil-treated rats. Fed. Proc. 5, 4 (1946a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Barker, S. B.: Effect of thyroid activity upon metabolic response to dinitro-ortho-cresol. Endocrinology 39, 234 (1946b).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barker, S. B.: Mechanism of action of the thyroid hormone. Physiol. Rev. 31, 205 (1951).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barker, S. B.: Thyroid. Ann. Rev. Physiol. 17, 417 (1955).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barker, S. B.: In vitro action of thyroxine analogs on succinate and maleate oxydation. Endocrinology 61, 534 (1957).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barron, E. S. G., and G. A. Harror: Studies on blood cell metabolism. II. The effect of methylene blue and other dyes upon the glycolysis and lactic formation of mammalian and avian erythrocytes. J. biol. Chem. 79, 65 (1928).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bartsoras, S. C.: Die Wirkung des Cardiazols auf das Zentrum der Wärmeregulation des Körpers. Habil.-Sehr. Athen 1940.

    Google Scholar 

  • Becuterew, W. v.: Die Funktion der Nervencentra, Bd. II, S. 1192, 1246. Jena: Gustav Fischer 1909.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beck, L. V., and M. Fischer: Physiological studies on tumor-inhibiting agents. II. Effect on rectal temperatures in normal rabbits of the serratia marcescens tumor-necrotizing polysaccharide of Shear. Cancer Res. 6, 410 (1946).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Becker, G. H., and M. Bubaum: Clinical and chemical evaluation of intravenous fat emulsions with particular reference to changes of serum electrolytes. Metabolism 6, 766 (1957).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Becker, G. H., and M. I. Grossman: Studies on the thermogenic response to intravenous fat emulsions. J. Lab. clin. Med. 43, 752 (1954).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Becker, J. A., C. B. Green and G. L. Pearson: Properties and uses of thermistors — thermally sensitive resistors. Trans. Amer. Inst. Electr. Engng. 65, 711 (1946).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beer, E. J. DE, and P. G. Tullar: The biological estimation of ergometrine. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 71, 256 (1941).

    Google Scholar 

  • Beeson, P. B.: Development of tolerance to typhoid bacterial pyrogen and its abolition by reticuloendothelial blockade. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 61, 248 (1946).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beeson, P. B.: Tolerance to bacterial pyrogens. I. Factors influencing its development. J. exp. Med. 86, 29 (1947a).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beeson, P. B.: Effect of reticulo-endothelial blockade on immunity to Shwartzman phenomenon. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 64, 146 (1947b).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beeson, P. B.: Tolerance to bacterial pyrogens. II. Rôle of the reticulo-endothelial system. J. exp. Med. 86 39 (1947c).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beeson, P. B.: Temperature-elevating effect of a substance obtained from polymorphonuclear leucocytes. J. clin. Invest. 27, 524 (1948).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Befruann, F. W., and H. D. Meissner: Zum Mechanismus der Temperaturadaptation. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 274, 76 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  • Befruann, F. W., Zur nichtzentralen Temperaturanpassung des Gewebestoffwechsels. I. Einstellung des Sauerstoffverbrauchs bei schnellen Temperaturänderungen. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 276, 82 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  • Benacerraf, B., and M. M. Sebestyen: Effect of bacterial endotoxins on the reticuloendothelial system. Fed. Proc. 16, 860 (1957).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Benacerraf, B., and M. M. Sebestyen, and N. S. Cooper: Clearance of antigen-antibody complexes from the blood by the reticuloendothelial system. J. Immunol. 82, 131 (1959).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Benacerraf, B., and M. M. Sebestyen, and ST. Schloss: A quantitative study of the kinetics of blood clearance of F32-labelled Escherichia coli and Staphylococci by the reticuloendothelial system. J. exp. Med. 110, 27 (1959).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bendelin, F. J.: The leucocyte response to pyrogen in rabbits. J. Amer. Pharm. Ass. 34, 48 (1945).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bennett, I. L.: Observations on the fever caused by bacterial pyrogens. I. A study of the relationship between the fever caused by bacterial pyrogens and the fever accompanying acute infections. J. exp. Med. 88, 267 (1948a).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bennett, I. L.: Observation on the fever caused by bacterial pyrogens. II. A study of the relationship between the fever caused by bacterial pyrogen and by the intravenous injection of sterile exsudates of acute inflammation. J. exp. Med. 88, 279 (1948b).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bennett, I. L.: Comparison of leukocyte changes produced by pyrogens and by anaphylaxis in the guinea pig. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 77, 772 (1951).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bennett, I. L.: Production of fever and the Shwartzman phenomenon by native dextran. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 81, 266 (1952a).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bennett, I. L.: Further investigation of effect of colloidal materials upon Shwartzman phenomenon. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 81, 248 (1952b).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bennett, I. L.: Failure of adrenocorticotropic hormone or cortisone to influence epinephrine-induced fever in the rabbit. Bull. Johns Hopk. Hosp. 96, 231 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bennett, I. L.: Studies on the pathogenesis of fever. III. Failure to demonstrate fever-producing substances in the tissues of leukopenic rabbits. Bull. Johns Hopk. Hosp. 98, 1 (1956a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bennett, I. L.: Studies on the pathogenesis of fever. IV. Further observations on the production of fever in rabbits by the fluid of sterile exudates. Bull. Johns Hopk. Hosp. 98, 7 (1956b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bennett, I. L.: Studies on the pathogenesis of fever. V. The fever accompanying pneumococcal infection in the rabbit. Bull. Johns Hopk. Hosp. 98, 216 (1956c).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bennett, I. L.: In: Polysaccharides in biology. Trans. Second Conf. Josiah Macy Found. p. 190, 1957.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bennett, I. L.: Pathogenesis of fever. Bull. N.Y. Acad. Med. 37, 440 (1961).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bennett, I. L., and P. B. Beeson: The properties and biologic effects of bacterial pyrogens. Medicine (Baltimore) 29, 365 (1950).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bennett, I. L.: Studies on the pathogenesis of fever. I. The effect of injection of extracts and suspensions of uninfected rabbit tissues upon the body temperature of normal rabbits. J. exp. Med. 98, 477 (1953a).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bennett, I. L.: Studies on the pathogenesis of fever. II. Characterization of fever producing substances from polymorphonuclear leucocytes and from the fluid of sterile exudates. J. exp. Med. 98, 493 (1953b).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bennett, I. L.: The effect of cortisone upon reactions of rabbits to bacterial endotoxins with particular reference to required resistance. Bull. Johns Hopk. Hosp. 93, 290 (1953c).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bennett, I. L., and L. E. Cluff: Influence of nitrogen mustard upon reactions to bacterial endotoxins, Shwartzynan phenomenon and fever. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 81, 304 (1952).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bennett, I. L.: Bacterial Pyrogens. Pharmacol. Rev. 9, 427 (1957).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bennett, I. L., and W. R. Keene: Studies of the febrile response to acute bacterial infection and bacterial pyrogens. Bull. N. Y. Acad. Med. 32, 248 (1956).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bennett, I. L., R. G. Petersdorf and W. R. Keene: Pathogenesis of fever: Evidence for direct cerebral action of bacterial endotoxins. Trans. Ass. Amer. Phyc. 70, 64 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bennett, I. L., and R. R. Wagner: Production of fever by influenzal viruses. V. Effect of nitrogen mustard (HN2). Bull. Johns Hopk. Hosp. 97, 43 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bennett, I. L., and V. S. Lequire: Pyrogenicity of influenza virus in rabbits. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 71, 132 (1949a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bennett, I. L., and V. S. Lequire: The production of fever by influenzal viruses. II. Tolerance in rabbits to the pyrogenic effect of influenzal viruses. J. exp. Med. 90, 335 (1949b).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Benzinger, T. H.: The thermostatic regulation of human heat production and heat loss. 22. Int. Congr. Physiol. Sci., Leyden 1962, vol. I, part I, p. 415.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berger, A., G. D. Elenbogen and L. G. Ginger: Pyrogens. Advanc. Chem. 16, 168, Amer. Chem. Soc. (1956).

    Google Scholar 

  • Berk, R. S., and E. L. Nelson: Effect of pseudomonas on lactate production by monocytes. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 104, 42 (1960).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berlin, R. D., and W. B. Wood: Molecular mechanisms involved in the release of pyrogen from polymorphonuclear leucocytes. Trans. Ass. Amer. Phycns 75, 190 (1962).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berlin, R. D., and W. B. Wood: Studies on the pathogenesis of fever. XII. Electrolytic factors influencing the release of endogenous pyrogen from polymorphonulcear leucocytes. J. exp. Med. 119, 697 (1964a).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berlin, R. D., and W. B. Wood: Studies on the pathogenesis of fever. XIII. The effect of phagocytosis on the release of endogenous pyrogen by polymorphonuclear leucocytes. J. exp. Med. 119, 715 (1964b).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bernard, CL.: Vorlesungen über die thierische Wärme. Deutsch v. SCHUSTER, Leipzig, 1876. BERRAR, M.: Die Wirkung des Moins auf den Stoffwechsel. (Ein Beitrag zur Physiologie der künstlichen Gicht und des künstlichen Fiebers). Biochem. Z. 49, 426 (1913).

    Google Scholar 

  • Berry, L. J., D. S. Smythe and L. G. Young: Effects of bacterial Endotoxin on Metabolism. I. Carbohydrate depletion and the protective rôle of cortisone. J. exp. Med. 110, 389 (1959).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bessemans, A.: Températures tissulaires générales chez le lapin normal. Ann. Physiol. Physicochim. biol. 14, 944 (1938).

    Google Scholar 

  • Biermmian, H. R., K. H. Kelly and F. L. Cordes: The sequestration and visceral circulation of leukocytes in man. Ann N Y Acad. Sci. 57, 850 (1955).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Billroth, TH.: Beobachtungsstudien über Wundfieber und accidentelle Wundkrankheiten. Langenbecks Arch. klin. Chir. 2, 325 (1862).

    Google Scholar 

  • Billroth, TH.: Beobachtungsstudien über Wundfieber und accidentelle Wundkrankheiten (zweite Abhandlung). Langenbecks Arch. klin. Chir. 6, 372 (1865).

    Google Scholar 

  • Billroth, TH.: Neue Beobachtungsstudien fiber Wundfieber. Langenbecks Arch. klin. Chir. 13, 579 (1872).

    Google Scholar 

  • Binkley, F., W. F. Goebel and E. Perlman: Studies on the Flexner group of dysenteria bacilli. II. The chemical degradation of the specific antigen of type Shigella paradysenteriae (Flexner). J. exp. Med. 81, 331 (1945).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Binz, C.: Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Kaffeebestandteile. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 9, 31 (1878).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Binz, C., B. Benacerraf, F. Grumbach, B.-N. Halpern, J. Levaditi and N. Rist: Etude de l’activité granulopexique du système réticulo-endothélial au cours de l’infection tuberculeuse expérimentale de la souris. Ann. Inst. Pasteur 87, 291 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  • Binz, C., B. Benacerraf, and B.-N. Halpern: Effect of Salmonella typhi and its endotoxin on the phagocytosic activity of the reticuloendothelial system in mice. Brit. J. exp. Path. 36, 226 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  • Binz, C., B -N Halpern, B. Benacerraf, C. Stiffel and D. Mouton: Action de certains polymères macromoléculaires et notamment du dextran et de la poyvinylpyrrolodone sur la fonction phagocytaire du système réticulo-endothélial. C. R. Soc. Biol. (Paris) 150, 317 (1956).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bircher, R. P., H. J. Barthelstone and S. C. Wang: Effects of lateral, third and fourth ventricle injections of cardiac glycosides and LSD in unanesthetized dogs. Fed. Proc. 17, 350 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bister, F., and F. J. Gees: Beitrag zur pyrogenen Wirkung von Reizstoffen. Z. Naturforsch. 8b, 667 (1953).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Black, A.: A study of artificial pyrexia produced by tetra-hydro-ß-naphthylamine hydrochloride Proc. roy. Soc. Edinb. 31, 333 (1910/11).

    Google Scholar 

  • BLANDET: (1845) zit. nach K. KISSKALT 1912.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bock, A.: Über Fiebererscheinungen nach intravenösen Injektionen, vornehmlich indifferenter Partikelchen. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 68, 1 (1912).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bock, D., and K. Bonhoeffer: Die menschliche Muskeldurchblutung bei künstlichem Fieber. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 263, 93 (1956).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bodel, P. T., and E. Atkins: Studies on staphylococcal fever. IV. Hypersensitivity to culture filtrates. Yale J. Biol. Med. 37, 130 (1964).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boehme, D., and R. J. Dunos: The effect of bacterial constituents on the resistance of mice to heterologous infection and on the activity of their reticulo-endothelial system. J. exp. Med. 107, 523 (1958).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boivin, A.: Travaux récents sur la constitution chimique et sur les propriétés biologiques des antigènes bactériens. Schweiz. Z. Path. 9, 505 (1946).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boivin, A., I. Mesrobeanu and L. Meseobeanu: Extraction d’un complexe toxique et antigénique partir du bacille d’Aertrycke. C. R. Soc. Biol. (Paris) 114, 307 (1933).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boivin, A., and L. Mesrobeanu: Sur les propriétés chimiques d’une substance toxique et immunisante isolée du B. Aertrycke. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 198, 2211 (1934).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boivin, A., and L. Mesrobeanu: Recherches sur les antigènes somatiques et sur les endotoxines des bactéries. I. Considérations générales et exposé des techniques utilisées. Rev Immunol. (Paris) 1, 553 (1935).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boivin, A., and L. Mesrobeanu: II. L’Antigène somatique (antigène 0) de certaines batteries et le constituant principal de leur endotoxine. Rev. Immunol. (Paris) 2, 113 (1936).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boivin, A., and L. Mesrobeanu: III. Antigène somatique 0 “complet” et variations bactériennes. Rev. Immunol. (Paris) 3, 319 (1937).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bolles, F. P., and E. C. Andrews: Studies on the pathogenesis of fever and tissue injury in pneumococcal infection. Amer. J. Path. 43, 247 (1963).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bondy, P. K., G. L. Cohn and C. Castiglione: Etiocholanolone fever. A clinical entity. Trans. Ass. Amer. Phycns 73, 186 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  • Boor, A. K., and C. PH. Miller: A carbohydrate-lipid fraction of gonococcus and meningococcus. J. infect. Dis. 75, 47 (1944).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boothby, W. M., and I. Sandiford: The calorigenic action of adrenalin chlorid. Amer. J. Physiol. 66, 93 (1923).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bornstein, A.: Über die Wirkung des Adrenalins auf dei Oxydationsprozesse. NaunynSchmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 127, 63 (1927).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bouciaert, J. J., and C. Heyalans: Béta-tetrahydronaphtylamine et ergotamine Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 35, 137 (1929).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bourguignon, J. De l’argent colloidal. Diss. Paris 1908.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bourn, J. M., and F. Seibert: The cause of many febrile reactions following intravenous injections. II. The bacteriology of twelve distilled waters. Amer. J. Physiol. 71, 652 (1925).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bovet, D., and F. Bovet- Nitti: Structure et activité pharmacodynamique des médicaments du système nerveux végétatif. Basel: Karger 1948.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bovet, D., and M. Virno: Proprietà analettiche ed ipertermizzanti della tetraidro-ß-naftil-etilamine. R. C. Ist. sup. Sanità 15, 870 (1952).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boyden, S. V.: Fixation of bacterial products by erythrocytes in vivo and by leucocytes. Nature (Loud.) 171, 402 (1953).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boyden, S. V.: Immunological response to antigens of the tubercle bacillus: some experimental aspects. Progr. Allergy 5, 149 (1958).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brandt, N. G., C. N. Sandage and J. M. Birkeland: Effect of intravenous injection of tuberculin on leucocytes of normal and tuberculous rabbits. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 74, 315 (1950).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brauchei, E., and M. Cloëtta: Über den Einfluß der Allylgruppen auf die pharmakologische Wirkung verschiedener Amine. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 129, 72 (1928).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Braude, A. I.: Absorption, distribution and elimination of endotoxins and their derivatives. In: Bacterial endotoxins, p. 98. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  • Braude, A. I., F. J. Carey and M. Zalesky: Investigation of tolerance to bacterial endotoxin with radiochromium labelled E. coli endotoxin. J. clin. Invest. 34, 923 (1955a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Braude, A. I., F. J. Carey and M. Zalesky: Studies with radioactive endotoxin. II. Correlation of physiologic effects with distribution of radioactivity in rabbits injected with lethal doses of E. coli endotoxin labelled with radioactive sodium chromate. J. clin. Invest. 34, 858 (1955b).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Braude, A. I., J. L. Jones, and H. Douglas: The behavior of Escherichia coli endotoxin (somatic antigen) during infectious arthritis. J. Immunol. 90, 297 (1963).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Braude, A. I., J. Mcconnell and H. Douglas: Fever from pathogenic fungi. J. clin. Invest. 39, 1266 (1960).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Braude, A. I., J. P. Sanford, J. E. Barlett and O. T. Mallery: Effects and clinical significance of bacterial contaminants in transfused blood. J. Lab. clin. Med. 39, 902 (1952).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Braude, A. I., and M. Zalesky: A study of the intermittent character of fever during infection. J. clin. Invest. 35, 693 (1956).

    Google Scholar 

  • Braude, A. I., and M. Zalesky, and H. Douglas: The mechanism of tolerance to fever. J. clin. Invest. 37, 880 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  • Brendel, W., and W. Usinger: Die Bedeutung der Hirntemperatur für die Auslösung des Kältezitterns. Ein Beitrag zur Frage der cerebralen Kältereception. 27. Tagg. Dtsch. Physiol. Ges. Zürich, 1961.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bret, J., and C. Raymond: L’effet thermogène de l’alpha-étiocholanolone. Presse méd. 68, 1881 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  • Brewster, W. R., J.-P. Isaacs, P. F. Osgood and T. L. King: The hemodynamic and metabolic interrelationships in the activity of epinephrine, nor-epinephrine, and the thyroid hormones. Circulation 13, 1 (1956).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brin, M., and R. H. Yonemoto: Stimulation of the glucose oxydative pathway in human erythrocytes by methylene blue. J. biol. Chem. 230, 307 (1958).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brink, C. O., and R. Rigler: Über einen scheinbaren Unterschied in der Wirkung von Ergotamin und Ergotoxin auf die Körpertemperatur. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 145, 321 (1929).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brittasn, R. T., and P. S. J. Spencer: Measurement of body temperature in concious smale laboratory animals by means of oesophageal thermocouple. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 16, 497 (1964).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brittingham, J. E., and H. Chaplin: Febrile transfusion reactions caused by sensitivity to donor leukocytes and platelets. J. Amer. med. Ass. 165, 819 (1957).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brobeck, J. R.: Regulation of body temperature. Aus TH. G. Rucn and J. F. FULTON, Medical Physiology and Biophysics. Philadelphia and London: W. B. Saunders Company 1960.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brodie, B. B.: Serotonin and nor-epinephrine as antagonistic chemical mediators regulating the central autonomic nervous system. Trans. third conf. on Neuropharmacology. New York: Macy Foundation 1956.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brody, T. M.: The uncoupling of oxydative phosphorylation as a mechanism of drug action. Pharmacol. Rev. 7, 335 (1955).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bronx, J. R.: The influence of thyroxine and related compounds on oxydative rate and efficiency of phosphorylation in rat liver mitochondria and submitochondrial particals. Ann N Y Acad. Sci. 86, 494 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bruck, L., and A. Guenter: Versuche über den Einfluß der Verletzung gewisser Hirnteile auf die Temperatur des Tierkörpers. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 3, 578 (1870).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brumm, F.: Ein Beitrag zur Physiologie der zentralen Temperaturregulation. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 222, 142 (1929).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brumm, F.: Der Wärmestich als Methode zur Erforschung der Physiologie der zentralen Temperaturregulation. Schweiz. med. Wschr. 71, 384 (1941).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bry, G.: Über die respirationserregende Wirkung von Phenyläthylaminen. Z. exp. Path. Ther. 16, 186 (1914).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Buchanan, A. R., and J. E. Roberts: Thermal reactions of young albino rats to intra-peritoneal injections of ergotoxine. Amer. J. Physiol. 155, 64 (1948).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Buchanan, A. R., and J. E. Roberts, and B. E. Robinson: Ergotoxine hyper-and hypo-thermia in albino rats. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 68, 143 (1948).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Buchanan, A. R., J. A. Witt, J. E. Roberts and L. C. Massopust: Peripheral circulatory and metabolic reactions associated with ergotoxine hyper-and hypo-thermia in adult albino rats. Amer. J. Physiol. 163, 62 (1950).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Buciiner, H.: Über Hemmung der Milzbrandinfektion und über das aseptische Fieber. Berl. klin. Wschr. 10, 216 (1890a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Buciiner, H.: Über pyrogene Stoffe in der Bakterienzelle. Berl. klin. Wschr. 10, 673 (1890b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Buciiner, H.: Die chemische Reizbarkeit der Leukocyten und deren Beziehung zur Entzündung und Eiteru a. Berl. klin. Wschr. 10, 1084 (1890c).

    Google Scholar 

  • Buettner, K. J. K., and F. F. Holmes: Diffusion of water vapor through human skin in hot environment and with application of atropin. J. appl. Physiol. 14, 276 (1959).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bunnell, I. L., and F. R. Griffith jr.: Age and the calorigenic response to subcutaneously administered adrenalin in the rat. Amer. J. Physiol. 138, 669 (1943).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burn, J. H.: Enzyme at sympathetic nerve endings. Brit. med. J. 1952 I, 784.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burrows, W.: Endotoxins. Ann. Rev. Microbiol. 5, 181 (1951).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burton, A. J., and H. G. Carter: Purification and characterization of the lipid A compound of the lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli. Biochemistry 3, 411 (1964).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Buskirk, E. R., R. H. Thompson, M. Rubenstein, and S. M. Wolff: Heat exchange in men and women following intravenous injection of endotoxin. J. appl. Physiol. 19, 907 (1964).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Busse, J.: Thermometry. Aus O. GLASER, Medical Physics, vol. 1. Chicago, Ill.: Year Book Publ. 1951.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cahn, TR., and J. Houget: Le métabolisme des glucides, lipides et protides au cours d’hyperthermies. C. R. Soc. Biol. (Paris) 113, 587 (1933).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carey, F. J., A. I. Braude and M. Zalesky: Studies with radioactive Endotoxin. III. The effect of tolerance on the distribution of radioactivity after intravenous injection of Escherichia coli endotoxin labeled with CR51. J. clin. Invest. 37, 441 (1958).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carpenter, C. M.: The effect of heat produced by an ultrahigh frequency oscillator on experimental syphilis in rabbits. Arch. phys. Ther. 12, 137 (1931).

    Google Scholar 

  • Cazeneuve, P., and R. Lepine: Sur les effects produits par l’ingestion et l’infusion intraveineuse de trois colorants jaunes, dérivés de la houille. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 101, 1167 (1885).

    Google Scholar 

  • Cecil, R. L.: Non-specific protein therapy. J. Amer. med. Ass. 105, 1846 (1935).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Centanni, E.: Untersuchungen über das Infektionsfieber. Das Fiebergift der Bakterien. Dtsch. med. Wschr. 20, 148, 170 (1894).

    Google Scholar 

  • Centanni, E.: Weitere Beiträge zur Kenntnis des pyrogenen Wirkstoffs des Fiebers. Dtsch. med. Wschr. 66, 263 (1940).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cerletti, A.: Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and related compounds. Trans. Sec. Coral. on Neuropharmacol. New York: Macy Foundation 1955.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cerletti, A., B. Berde, W. Doepfner, H. Emmenegger, H. Konzett, W. R. Schalch, M. Taeschler and H. We id mann: Deseril (Methylergide, VML-491), a specific serotonin antagonist. Sci. Exhibit 6th internat. Congr. Intern. Med. Basle, 1960.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chahovitch, X., and M. Vichnitch: Action du Chlorhydrate de morphine, de la caféine et de la quinine-uréthane sur le métabolisme énergetique. J. Physiol. Path. gén. 26, 389 (1928).

    Google Scholar 

  • Chambers, L. A., and G. W. Flosdorf: Sonic extraction of labile bacterial constituents. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 34, 631 (1936).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chambers, W. W., H. Koenig, R. Koenig and W. F. Windle: Site of action in the central nervous system of a bacterial pyrogen. Amer. J. Physiol. 159, 209 (1949).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chambers, W. W., and W. F. Windle: Site of action of bacterial pyrogen in cats with central nervous system lesion. Fed. Proc. 6, 89 (1947).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Charonnat, R., and P. Lechat: Recherches sur la nature des pyrogènes des solutés injectables. I. Substances définies d’origine biologique ayant une action pyrogène. Ann pharm. franç. 9, 17 (1951a).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Charonnat, R., and P. Lechat: II. Essais de définition quantitative des substances pyrogènes: indice pyrogénique. Ann. pharm. franç. 9, 22 (1951b).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cuese, M. W., and J. R. Battisto: Duration of dermal sensitization following cellular transfer in guinea pigs. J. Allergy 26, 83 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  • Cheyiviol, J., and C. Levassort: Actions comparées de l’hypoxie et de la chlorpromazine sur différents types d’hyperthermie. Ann. pharm. franc. 13, 527 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  • Chopera, A.: The influence of Marsilid on the temperature response in rats after morphine. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 144, 362 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  • Cnor, Y. O.: The relationship of glycogen formation in the muscles to the pancreas and to epinephrine. Amer. J. Physiol. 83, 406 (1928).

    Google Scholar 

  • Cnuistensen, L. K.: Thyroxine-releasing effect of salicylate and of 2,4-Dinitrophenol. Nature (Loud.) 183, 1189 (1959).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Citron, J., and E. Lescrrcce: Über den Einfluß der Ausschaltung des Zwischenhirns auf das infektiöse und nichtinfektiöse Fieber. Z. exp. Path. Ther. 14, 379 (1913).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clark, G.: Temperature regulation in chronic cervical cats. Amer. J. Physiol. 130, 712 (1940).

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark, G., and L. Borison: Pyrogenic effect of purified staphylococcal enterotoxin. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 142, 237 (1963).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clark, G., H. W. Magoun and S. W. Ranson: Hypothalamic regulation of body temperature. J. Neurophysiol. 2, 61 (1939).

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark, S L, and J. E. Proffitt: Effect of citrate on fever response of the rabbit to injection of bacterial pyrogens. Fed. Proc. 13, 27 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  • Clarke, E. C., and E. G. Ball: Action of thyroxine on suecinate oxydation. Fed. Proc. 14, 193 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  • Claus, CH. O.: Experimentelle Studien über die Temperaturverhältnisse bei einigen Intoxikationen. Diss. Marburg 1872.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clemente, C. D.: Production of periods of leucocytosis and tolerance by consecutive oral administration of different bacterial pyrogens. Fed. Proc. 10, 27 (1951).

    Google Scholar 

  • Cloëtta, M.: Gedanken über Fieber und Entfieberung. Schweiz. med. Wschr. 16, 851 (1935).

    Google Scholar 

  • Cloëtta, M., and E. Waser: Beitrag zur Kenntnis des Fieberanstieges. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp.. Path. Pharmak. 73, 436 (1913a).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cloëtta, M., and E. Waser: Über die Beziehung zwischen Konstitution und Wirkung beim alizyklischen Tetrahydroß-naphtylamin und seinen Derivaten. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 73, 398 (1913b).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cloëtta, M., and E. Waser: Beiträge zur Kenntnis des Fieberanstieges. II. Mitt. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 75, 406 (1914).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cloëtta, M., and E. Waser: Über das Adrenalinfieber. (Zur Kenntnis des Fieberanstieges. IV. Mitt.) NaunynSchmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 79, 30 (1915).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cloëtta, M., and E. Waser: Über die Beziehungen zwischen Konstitution und Wirkung beim alizyklischen Tetrahydro-ß-Naphthylamin und seinen Derivaten. II. Mitt. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 98, 198 (1923).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cloëtta, M., and F. Wünscue: Über die Beziehung zwischen chemischer Konstitution proteinogener Amine und ihrer Wirkung auf Körpertemperatur und Blutdruck. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 96, 307 (1922).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cluff, L. E.: Studies of the effect of bacterial endotoxins on rabbit leucocytes. II. Development of acquired resistance. J. exp. Med. 98, 349 (1953).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cluff, L. E.: A study of the effect of serum on the immunological raection of a bacterial endotoxin. J. exp. Med. 103, 439 (1956).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cluff, L. E., and I. L. Bennett: Factors influencing the alteration of the pyrogenic action of endotoxin by serum. Bull. Johns Hopk. Hosp. 101, 281 (1957).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cluff, L. E., J. H. Mulholland and P. E. Scheder: Acquired tolerance to bacterial endotoxin: the pyrogen augmenting effect of serum. Bull. Johns Hopk. Hosp. 104, 51 (1959).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Collins, R. D., and W. B. Wood: Studies on the pathogenesis of fever. VI. The interaction of leucocytes and endotoxin in vitro. J. exp. Med. 110, 1005 (1959).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Collip, J. B., D. L. Thomson and G. Toby: The effect of adrenaline on muscle glykogen in adrenalectomized, thyroidectomized and hypophysectomized rats. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 88, 191 (1936/37).

    Google Scholar 

  • Comsa, J.: Adrenaline-thyroxin interaction in guinea pigs. Amer. J. Physiol. 161, 550 (1950).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cooper, K. E., and W. I. Cranston: Clearance of radioactive bacterial pyrogen from the circulation. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 166, 41P (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooper, K. E., and W. I. Cranston, and A. J. Honour: Temperature changes induced by 5-HT, noradrenalin and pyrogens injected into the rabbits brain. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 175, 68 P (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  • Corteggtani, E., and H. Halpern: Action de l’adrénaline et des acides aminés sur la température. Ann Physiol. Physicochim biol. 7, 276 (1931).

    Google Scholar 

  • Cotui, F. W., D. Hope, M. H. Schrift, J. Powers, A. Wallen and L. Scum=: Purified pyrogen from Eberthella typhosa. A preliminary report on its preparation and its chemical and biological characteristics. J. Lab. clin. Med. 29, 58 (1944).

    Google Scholar 

  • Cotui, F. W., and M. H. Schrift: The production of pyrogen by some bacteria. J. Lab. clin. Med. 27, 569 (1942a).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cotui, F. W., and M. H. Schrift: A tenative test for pyrogen in infusion fluids. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 49, 320 (1942b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Cramer, W.: On sympathetic fever and hyperpyrexial heat-stroke. Brit. J. exp. Path. 1, 31 (1920).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cramer, W.: Feverinfections and the thyroid-adrenal apparatus. Brit. J. exp. Path. 7, 95 (1926).

    Google Scholar 

  • Crandell, F.: Inanition fever. Arch. Pediat. 16, 174 (1899).

    Google Scholar 

  • Cranston, W. I.: Experimental observation on human fever. Need. T. Geneesk. 103, 244 (1959).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cranston, W. I.: Fever: pathogenesis and circulatory changes. Circulation 20, 1133 (1959).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cranston, W. I., F. Goodale, E. S. Snell and F. Wendt: The rôle of leucocytes in the initial action of bacterial pyrogens in man. Clin. Sci. 15, 219 (1956).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crawford, T. B. B.: The distribution of 5-hydroxytryptamine in the central nervous-system of the dog. Aus G. P. LEWIS, 5-Hydroxytryptamine. London-New York-ParisLos Angeles: Pergamon Press 1957.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cremer, N., and D. W. Watson: Influence of stress on distribution of endotoxin in RES determined by fluorescein antibody technic. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 95, 510 (1957).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cremer, N., and D. W. Watson: Host-parasite factors in group A streptococcal infections. A comparative study of streptococcal pyrogenic toxins and gram-negative bacterial endotoxins. J. exp. Med. 112, 1037 (1960).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crile, G. W., and A. F. Rowland: Thermo-electric studies of temperature variations in animal tissues. II. Effects of Anesthesia; electrical stimulation; abdominal trauma; exposure of viscera; excision of organs; acid; alkali; strychnin; diphtheria toxin. Amer. J. Physiol. 62, 349 (1922a).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crile, G. W., and A. F. Rowland: Thermo-electric studies of temperature variations in animal tissues. III. Adrenalin. Amer. J. Physiol. 62, 370 (1922b).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cushny, A. R.: Die Atropingruppe. In: Handbuch der experimentellen Pharmakologie, Bd. 2/2, S. 39. Berlin: Springer 1924.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cutting, W. C., and M. L. Tainter: Actions of dinitrophenol. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 29, 1268 (1932).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dadlez, J., and W. Kosuowsxi: Le quotient respiratoire dans la fièvre périphérique. C. R. Soc. Biol. (Paris) 99, 1032 (1928).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dadlez, J., and W. Kosuowsxi: Les échanges gazeux dans la fièvre provoquée par le jaune de naphthylamine. C. R. Soc. Biol. (Paris) 100, 1234 (1929a).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dadlez, J., and W. Kosuowsxi: Les échanges gazeux dans la fièvre peptonique. C. R. Soc. Biol. (Paris) 100, 1236 (1929b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dadlez, J., and W. Kosuowsxi: Les échanges gazeux dans la fièvre provoquée par la ß-tétrahyd Ronaphtytamine. C. R. Soc. Biol. (Paris) 100, 1238 (1929c).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dadlez, J., and W. Kosuowsxi: De quelques effects pharmacodynamiques de la phosphine et des échanges gazeux au cours de la fièvre provoquée par cette substance. C. R. Soc. Biol. (Paris) 102, 92 (1929d).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dadlez, J., and W. Kosuowsxi: Les critériums biochimiques dans la classification de la fièvre expérimentale. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 38, 363 (1930).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dailey, J. P.: Verfahren zur Herstellung einer stabilen, nicht pyrogenen, intravenös applizierbaren, wäBrigen Fettemulsion. Dtsch. Patentamt: Auslegeschrift 104 9540 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dare, J. G.: Some quantitative studies on a bacterial pyrogen. J. Pharm. (Lond.) 5, 528 (1953a).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dare, J. G.: Some observations on the B. P. and AND S. P. tests for pyrogens. J. Pharm. (Lond.) 5, 898 (1953b).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dare, J. G.: Tests for pyrogens. Pharm. J. 171, 334 (1953c).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dare, J. G., and G. A. Mogey: Rabbit responses to human threshold doses of bacterial pyrogen. J. Pharm. (Lond.) 6, 325 (1954).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • D’arsonval and Charrin: Topographie calorique chez les animaux fébricitants. C. R. Soc. Biol. (Paris) 48, 277 (1896).

    Google Scholar 

  • Davies, D. A. L.: The specific polysaccharides of some gram-negative bacteria. Biochem. J. 59, 696 (1955).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davies, D. A. L.: A specific polysaccharide of Pasteurella pestis. Biochem. J. 63, 105 (1956).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davies, D. A. L., W. T. J. Viorgan and W. Moslmann: Studies in immunochemistry. 13. Preparation and properties of the 0 somatic antigen of Shigella dysenteriae (Shiga). Biochem. J. 56, 572 (1954).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davies, D. A. L., and B. R. Record: Studies in immunochemistry. 15. The specific polysaccharide of the dominant 0 somatic antigen of Shigella dysenteriae. Biochem. J. 60, 290 (1955).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davison, A. N., A. W. Lessin and M. W Parkes: The antagonism of reserpine hypothermia by iproniazid. Experientia (Basel) 13, 329 (1957).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dawson, M., and J. P. Todd: The assay of bacterial pyrogens. J. Pharm. (Lond.) 4, 972 (1952).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dawson, M., and J. P. Todd: The leucocyte response in the rabbit to pyrogen from proteus vulgaris. I. Mononuclear and temperature responses. J. Pharm. (Lond.) 6, 317 (1954).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Debré, R., and J. Paraf: La surinfection tuberculeuse chez le cobaye. Diminution rapide du nombre des bacilles dans le sang circulant après surinfection par voie cardiaque. C. R. Soc. Biol. (Paris) 84, 15 (1921).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dennis, E. W.: Toxicity of acid-soluble typhoid toxin for laboratory animals. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 42, 553 (1939).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dennis, S. M.: Isolation of a lipopolysaccharide from Vibrio fetus. Nature (Lund.) 183, 186 (1959).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dhawan, B. N.: Effect of drugs on LSD-25 induced pyrexia in rabbits. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 123, 186 (1959).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dhawan, B. N.: Blockade of LSD-25 pyrexia by morphine. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 127, 307 (1960).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ding, M.: Beiträge zur Pharmakologie des Ephedrins. Z. exp. Med. 65, 547 (1929).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dittler, R.: Studien zur Physiologie der Befruchtung. II. Über die allgemeine Stoffwechselwirkung des parenteral zugeführten arteigenen Spermas. Z. Biol. 76, 141 (1922).

    Google Scholar 

  • Djxksenbaev, O., and N. Ozeretskovsky: On correlation between the adrenocortical response and the febrile reaction following injection of bacterial lipopolysaccharides. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 140, 32 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dorms, E. C., and G. D. Greville: Acceleration of tissue respiration by nitrophenol. Nature (Loud.) 132, 966 (1933).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dorms, E. C., and W. C. Pope: Dinitro-o-cresol as a stimulator of metabolism. Lancet 1933 I, 352.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dorms, E. C., and J. D. Robertson: The clinical application of dinitro-o-cresol. Lancet 1933 II, 1197.

    Google Scholar 

  • Döblin, A., and P. Fleiscamann: Über die nervöse Regulierung der Körpertemperatur, insbesondere über die Rolle der Nebenniere. Z. klin. Med. 78, 275 (1913).

    Google Scholar 

  • Doerr, R.: Die Anaphylaxie I. Bd. VI von: Die Immunitätsforschung. Ergebnisse und Probleme in Einzeldarstellungen. Wien: Springer 1950.

    Google Scholar 

  • Donath, J.: Über fiebererregende Bakterienprodukte. Zbl. allg. Path. path. Anat. 5, 389 (1894).

    Google Scholar 

  • Donath, J., and G. GARA: Fiebererregende Bakterienprodukte. Wien. med. Wschr. 44, 1342, 1383, 1423 (1894).

    Google Scholar 

  • Donhoffer, S. Z.: The immediate action of triiodothyronine on the metabolic rate of hyphophysectoxnized, thyroidectomized and intact rats. Acta physiol. Acad. Sci. hung. 10, 131 (1956).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dorcire, J., M. Carraz, and M. Castaing: Sur la recherche des substances pyrogènes dans les solutés injectables. 5. Origine des propriétés pyrogènes. Eaux distillées et cultures microbiennes. Ann. pharm. franç. 9, 574 (1951).

    Google Scholar 

  • Doss, D., P. Mtiller-Beisseniiirtz and F. K. Ohnesorge: Mortalität, Körpertemperatur, Sauerstoffverbrauch und Laufleistung von Mäusen nach Metamphetamin unter dem Einfluß verschiedener Umgebungstemperaturen. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 250, 348 (1965).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Drill, V. A.: Pharmacology in medicine, a collaborative textbook. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Comp. 1958.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dubois, E. F.: The basal metabolism in fever. J. Amer. med. Ass. 77, 352 (1921).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dubois, E. F.: Basal metabolism in health and disease. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger 1936.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dubois, E. F.: Fever and regulation of body temperature. Springfield, Ill.: Thomas 1948.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunos, R. J., R. W. Schaedler and D. Böiime: Effects of bacterial endotoxine on susceptibility to infection with gram-positive and acid-fast bacteria. Fed. Proc. 16, 856 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  • Duciiaine, J. P.: Tuberculous bacillaemia in rabbits. 2. Bacillaemia in allergic animals. Amer. Rev. Tuberc. 37, 520 (1938).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dungern, v.: Über die Hemmung der Milzbrandinfektion durch Friedländersche Bakterien im Kaninchenorganismus. Z. Hyg. Infekt.-Kr. 18, 177 (1894).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dunlop, D. M.: The use of 2,4-Dinitrophenol as a metabolic stimulant. Brit. med. J. 1934 I, 524.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Duschkö, D. M., R. O. Faitelberg, T. P. Gugel-Morosowa and E. J. Sinelnikow: Die Wirkung der Veränderung der Temperatur des Blutes auf die vegetativen Zentren des Zwischenhirns. Fiziol. 2. (Moskau) 17, 513 (1934).

    Google Scholar 

  • Eddy, N. B., and J. G. Reid: Studies of morphine, codeine and their derivatives. VII. Dihydromorphine (paramorphine), dihydromorphinone (Dilaudid), and dihydrocodeinone (Dicodide). J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 52, 468 (1934).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Edelberg, M.: Über die Wirkungen des Fibrinfermentes im Organismus. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 12, 283 (1880).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Edgren, B.: Intravenöse Fettemulsionen. Dtsch. med. Wschr. 86, 701 (1961).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Edsall, G.: Biological actions of dinitrophenol and related compounds. New Engl. J. Med. 211, 385 (1934).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Egdahl, R. H.: Differential response of the adrenal cortex and medulla to bacterial endotoxin. J. clin. Invest. 38, 1120 (1959).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Egdahl, R. H., J. C. Melby and W. W. Spink: Adrenal cortical and body temperature responses to repeated endotoxin administration. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 101, 369 (1959).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ehrenfest, E., and E. Roxzoxi: Effect of dinitrophenol on oxydation of tissues. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 31, 318 (1933).

    Google Scholar 

  • Eichenberger, E., and H. Isliker: Das Verhalten des Properdins nach intravenöser Injektion bakterieller Lipopolysaccharide beim Menschen. Heiv. physiol. pharmacol. Acta 14, C 44 (1956).

    Google Scholar 

  • Eichenberger, E., and B. Friolet: Pharmakologische Beeinflussung des Pyrogen-und LSD-Fiebers des Kaninchens. Hely. physiol. pharmacol. Acta 15, C 60 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  • Eichenberger, E., M. Sghmidhauser -Kopp, H. Hurni, M. Friscay and O. Westphal: Biologische Wirkungen eines hochgereinigten Pyrogens (Lipopolysaccharids) aus Salmonella abortus equi. Schweiz. med. Wschr. 85, 1190, 1213 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  • Eichenberger, E., and G. Schmidt: Der Einfluß von Polymyxin auf Toxicität, Pyrogenität und leukotaktische Wirkungen eines Endotoxins. Pharm. Acta Heiv. 33, 459 (1958).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eichler, O., and F. Sebening: Zur Beeinflussung des Jodstoffwechsels der Rattenschilddrüse, geprüft mit Radiojod (131J). Arzneimittel-Forsch. 7, 230 (1957).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ennis, S.: The metabolic effects of epinephrine and related amines. Pharmacol. Rev. 8, 485 (1956).

    Google Scholar 

  • Engelhardt-Gölkel, A., C. Hoffmann, E. Kretschmar, R. Nestler and L Schaffry: Stoffwechseluntersuchungen zum Mechanismus der unspezifischen Therapie. Arztl. Forsch. 9, I/432 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ernster, L., and O. Lindberg: Animal mitochondria. Ann Rev. Physiol. 20, 13 (1958).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Erspamer, V., A. Glässer and P. Mantegazzini: Pharmacological action of 4-hydroxytryptamine and 4-hydroxytryptophan. Experienta (Basel) 16, 505 (1960).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Essax, H. E.: Further observations of certain responses of tolerant and control animals to massive doses of epinephrine. Amer. J. Physiol. 171, 78 (1952).

    Google Scholar 

  • Estler, C.-J.: Glykogengehalt des Gehirns und Körpertemperatur weißer Mäuse unter dem Einfluß einiger zentral dämpfender und erregender Pharmaka. Med. exp. 4, 209 (1961).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eulenberg, A., and L. Landois: Über die thermischen Wirkungen experimenteller Eingriffe am Nervensystem und ihre Beziehungen zu den Gefäßnerven. II. Virchows Arch. path. Anat. 68, 245 (1876).

    Google Scholar 

  • Euler, C. v.: Slow “temperature potentials” in the hypothalamus. J. cell. comp. Physiol. 36, 333 (1950).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Euler, C. v.: Physiology and pharmacology of temperature regulation. Pharmacol. Rev. 13, 361 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  • Euler, C. v., and Söderberg: Co-ordinated changes in temperature thresholds for thermoregulatory reflexes. Acta physiol. scand. 42, 112 (1958).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Euler, S. v.: Action stimulante du dinitro-a-naphthol, du bleu de methylène et des substances apparentées sur les échanges respiratoires in vivo et in vitro. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 43, 67 (1932)

    Google Scholar 

  • Euler, S., E. Linder and S. O. Myrin: Über die fiebererzeugende Wirkung des Adrenalins. Acta physiol. scand. 5, 85 (1943).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eyre, J.: The temperature of the normal guinea-pig. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 25, XXIV (1900).

    Google Scholar 

  • Falck, C. PH.: Experimentelle Studien zur Beschaffung der Temperaturcurven der akuten Intoxikationen. Virchows Arch. path. Anat. 49, 457 (1870).

    Google Scholar 

  • Falta, W.: Diskussionsbemerkung. Verh. Dtsch. Ges. inn. Med. 1937, 206.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fanconi, G., and A. Wallgren: Lehrbuch der Pädiatrie. Basel and Stuttgart: Benno Schwabe & Co. 1958.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parr, R. S.: The febrile response upon injection of bovine albumin into previously sensitized rabbits. J. clin. Invest. 37, 894 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  • Parr, R. S.: A quantitative immunochemical measure of the primary interaction between BSA and antibody. J. infect. Dis. 103, 239 (1958).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Parr, R. S.: Fever as a manifestation of an experimental allergy. J. Allergy 30, 268 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  • Farr, R. S., D. H. Campbell, S. L. Clark and J. E. Proffitt: The febrile response of sensitized rabbits to the intravenous injection of antigen. Anat. Rec. 118, 385 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  • Parr, R. S., S. L. Clark and J. E. Proffitt: An interaction of bacterial pyrogen with blood, plasma and serum. Bethesda, Naval Med. Res. Inst. Rep. Proj. N1VI 007 081.12.01 (1953).

    Google Scholar 

  • Parr, R. S., S. L. Clark and J. E. Proffitt, and D. H. Campbell: Some humoral aspects of the development of tolerance to bacterial pyrogens in rabbits. Amer. J. Physiol. 177, 269 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  • Parr, R. S., and V. S. Lequire: Leucocytic and pyrogenic effects of typhoid vaccine and augmentation by homologous plasma. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 75, 661 (1950).

    Google Scholar 

  • Parr, R. S., and V. S. Lequire, CH. H. Gayuart and P. K. Schorr: The augmentation of the pyrogenic and leucocytic effects of typhoid vaccine by homologous plasma in the rabbit. Naval Med. Res. Inst. Proj. NM 007039 Rep. No 17 (1949).

    Google Scholar 

  • Farrar, W. E.: Endotoxin detoxification by guinea pig tissue homogenates and possible significance of this reaction. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 118, 218 (1965).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fastier, F. N., R. N. Speten and H. Waal: Prolongation of chloral hydrate sleeping time by 5-hydroxytryptamine and by certain other drugs. Brit. J. Pharmacol. 12, 251 (1957).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fastier, L. B.: Toxic manifestations in rabbits and mice associated with the virus of western equine encephalomyelitis. J. Immunol. 68, 531 (1952).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Favorite, G. O., and H. R. Morgan: Effects produced by the intravenous injection in man of a toxic antigenic material derived from Eberthella typhosa: clinical, haematological, chemical and serological study. J. clin. Invest. 21, 589 (1942).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Favour, C. B.: Leucocyte blockade of in vitro tuberculin cytolysis. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 70, 369 (1949).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Favour, C. B.: Cell injury in allergic inflammation. Int. Arch. Allergy 10, 193 (1957).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fawcett, J., and W. H. White: On the influence of artifical respiration and of 13-tetrahydronaphtylamine on the body temperature. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 21, 435 (1897).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Feitelberg, S., and H. Lampl: Über die Beeinflussung der Wärmebildung in den verschiedenen Hirnteilen durch Narcotica, Hypnotica und Analeptica. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 61, 255 (1939).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Feitelberg, S., and E. P. Pick: The effects of sympatho-and vagomimetic drugs on the heat production in the brain. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 69, 286 (1940).

    Google Scholar 

  • Feitelberg, S., and E. P. Pick, and A.. Warsberg: Über die zentrale Wärmeerzeugung und Hemmung durch aromatische Amine und Acetylcholin. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 61, 447 (1939).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fukety, F. R.: Heat balance and reactivity to endotoxin. Amer. J. Physiol. 204, 719 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  • Feldberg, W., and R. D. Myers: A new concept of temperature regulation by amines in the hypothalamus. Nature (Lond.) 200, 1325 (1963).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Feldberg, W., and R. D. Myers: Effects on temperature of amines injected into the cerebral ventricles. A new concept of temperature regulation 173, 226 (1964).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Feldmann, J., and E. Gellhorn: The influence of fever on the vago-insulin and sympathetico-adrenal systems. Endocrinology 29, 141 (1941).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Feri, K.: Zur Wirkung der Antipyretica. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 21, 27 (1919).

    Google Scholar 

  • Fessler, J. H., K. E. Cooper, W. I. Cranston and R. L. Vollum: Observation on the production of pyrogenic substances by rabbit and human leucocytes. J. exp. Med. 113, 1127 (1961).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Field, J., A. W. Martin and S. M. Field: Action of 1,2,4-dinitrophenol on yeast respiration and fermentation. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 31, 56 (1933).

    Google Scholar 

  • Field, J., C. N. Peiss and V. E. Hall: The influence of substances affecting body temperature on oxygen consumption and glycolysis in the brain. Fed. Proc. 7, 33 (1948).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Filehne, W.: In E. BAMBERGER G. R. MÜLLER, Über [3-Tetrahydronaphthylamin. Ber. dtsch. them. Ges. 21, 1112 (1888).

    Google Scholar 

  • Finkelstein, H.: Über alimentäre Intoxikationen. Jb. Kinderheilk. 68, 693 (1908).

    Google Scholar 

  • Finkelstein, H.: Über alimentäres Fieber. Dtsch. med. Wschr. 35, 191 (1909).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Finkler, D.: Über das Fieber. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 29, 89 (1882).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fischer, C.: Diss. Berlin 1903. Mschr. prakt. Tierheilk. 15, 145 (1904).

    Google Scholar 

  • Fischer, C., E. Paulsson, Handbuch der experimentellen Pharmakologie, Bd. II/1. Berlin: Springer 1920.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fishgold, J. T., R. GRANT, J. Field and V. C. Hall: Oxygen consumption and glucose changes in vitro of liver slices from febrile rabbits. Amer. J. Physiol. 166, 113 (1951).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Foerster, O.: Über Störungen der Thermoregulation bei Erkrankungen des Rückenmarkes und bei Eingriffen am Zentralnervensystem. Jb. Psychiat. Neurol. 52, 1 (1935).

    Google Scholar 

  • Folxow, B., G. Stroem and B. Uvnäs: Cutaneous vasodilatation elicited by local heating of the anterior hypothalamus in cats and dogs. Acta physiol. stand. 17, 317 (1949).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Freedman, H. H.: Passive transfer of protection against lethality of homologous and heterologous endotoxins. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 102, 504 (1959).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Freedman, H. H.: Passive transfer of tolerance to pyrogenicity of bacterial endotoxin. J. exp. Med. 111. 453 (1960a).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Freedman, H. H.: Reticuloendothelial system and passive transfer of endotoxin tolerance. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 88, 99 (1960c).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Freedman, H. H.: Further studies on passive transfer of protection against lethality of endotoxin. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 103, 867 (1960b)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Freedman, H. H.: Further studies on passive transfer of tolerance to pyrogenicity of bacterial endotoxins. The febrile and leucopenic response. J. exp. Med. 112, 619 (1960d).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Freedman, H. H., and B. M. Sitltzer: Modification of lethality of endotoxin in mice by zymosan. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 106, 495 (1961).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Freedman, H. H., and B. M. Sitltzer: Role of humoral mediator in tolerance to the pyrogenicity of bacterial endotoxin. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 115, 607 (1964a).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Freedman, H. H., and B. M. Sitltzer: Aspects of endotoxin tolerance: phagocytosis specificity. In: Bacterial endotoxins, p. 537. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press 1964b.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freeman, G. G.: The hydrolytic degradation of the antigenic complex of bact. typhosum Ty 2. Biochem. J. 35, 564 (1941).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Freeman, G. G.: The preparation and properties of a specific polysaccharide from bact. typhosum Ty 2. Biochem. J. 36, 340 (1942).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Freeman, G. G.: The components of the antigenic complex of Salmonella typhimurium. Biochem. J. 37, 601 (1943).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Freeman, G. G., S. W. Challinor and J. Wilson: The use of a synthetic medium in the isolation of the somatic antigens of bact. typhimurium and bact. typhosum. Biochem. J. 34, 307 (1940).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Freeman, G. G., and J. S. L. Phrlpot: The preparation and properties of a specific polysaccharide from bact. typhosum Ty 2. Biochem. J. 36, 340 (1942).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Freeman, W. J., and D. D. Davis: Effects on cats of conductive hypothalamic cooling. Amer. J. Physiol. 197, 145 (1959).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frei, J., N. Canal and E. Gobi: Novobiocin as uncoupling agent. Experientia (Basel) 14, 377 (1958).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • French, E. L.: The pyrogenic effect of the influenza-mumps group of viruses in the laboratory rabbit. Amt. J. exp. Biol. med. Sci. 30, 479 (1952).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frese, J. B.: Experimentelle Beiträge zur Atiologie des Fiebers. Diss. Dorpat 1866.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freund, H.: Über das Kochsalzfieber. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 65, 225 (1911).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Freund, H.: Über das Wärmestichfieber als Ausdruck des Wärmeregulationsvermögens. NaunynSchmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 72, 304 (1913).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Freund, H.: Pathologie und Pharmakologie der Wärmeregulation. In Handbuch der normalen und pathologischen Physiologie, Bd. 17/III, S. 86. Berlin: Springer 1926.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freund, H., and E. Grafe: Stoffwechseluntersuchungen beim experimentellen Kochsalzfieber. NaunynSchmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 67, 55 (1912a).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Freund, H., and E. Grafe: Untersuchungen über den nervösen Mechanismus der Wärmeregulation. NaunynSchmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 70, 135 (1912b).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Freund, H., and E. Grafe: Über die Beeinflussung des Gesamtstoffwechsels und des Eiweißumsatzes beim Warmblüter durch operative Eingriffe am Zentralnervensystem. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 168, 1 (1917).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Freund, H., and S. Janssen: Über den Sauerstoffverbrauch der Skeletmuskulatur und seine Abhängigkeit von der Wärmeregulation. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 200, 96 (1923a).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Freund, H., and S. Janssen: Muskelstoffwechsel und Wärmeregulation. Klin Wschr. 2, 979 (1923b).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Freund, H., and E. Schlagintweit: Über die Wärmeregulation curarisierter Tiere. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 77, 259 (1914).

    Google Scholar 

  • Freund, H., and R. Strasman: Zur Kenntnis des nervösen Mechanismus der Wärmeregulation. NaunynSchmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 69, 12 (1912).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Friberger, R.: Untersuchungen über das sog. Salzfieber und über die Chlorausscheidung beim Säugling. Munch. med. Wschr. 56, 1946 (1909).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Friedberger, E.: Über anaphylaktisches Fieber. Verh. dtsch. Kongr. inn. Med. 30, 88 (1913).

    Google Scholar 

  • Friedberger, E., and S. Mita: Über Anaphylaxie. XVIII. Mitt. Die anaphylaktische Fieberreaktion. Z. Immun.-Forsch. 10, 216 (1911).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Friedman, M. H. F., and I. F. Bennett: The rectal temperature of a group of mongrel dogs. Fed. Proc. 2, 13 (1943).

    Google Scholar 

  • Frits, T.: Measurement of body temperature of guinea pigs. I. Reaction of normal animals to administration of purified tuberculin and different fluids. Acta path. microbiol. scand. 37, 225 (1955a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Frits, T.: II. Reaction of BCG vaccinated animals to administration of purified tuberculin. Acta path. microbiol. scand. 37, 233 (1955b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Friolet, B.: Pharmakologische Beeinflussung des Pyrogen-und LSD-Fiebers beim Kaninchen. Diss. Bern 1959.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fritze, E., H. H. Schneider and I. Voigt: Zur Wirkung bakterieller Pyrogene bei intravenöser und intrathekaler Injektion. Z. ges. exp. Med. 134, 280 (1961).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • From ll el, E., I. T. Beck, F. Vallette and M. Favre: Études dans le domaine de la fièvre. lre communication.: De la potentialisation dc la fièvre dinitrée par les sympathicomimétiques et son lysis par les vagomimétiques. Helv. physiol. pharmacol. Acta 5, 364 (1947a).

    Google Scholar 

  • From ll el, E., I. T. Beck, F. Vallette and M. Favre: 2e communication: L’influence des substances sympathico-et vagolytiques sur la fièvre dinitrée. Helv. physiol. pharmacol. Acta 5, 376 (1947b)

    Google Scholar 

  • From ll el, E., I. T. Beck, F. Vallette and M. Favre: 3e communication: L’effet des corps à résultante d’action diencéphalique et encéphalique sur la température dinitrée. Heiv. physiol. pharmacol. Acta 5, 382 (1947c).

    Google Scholar 

  • From ll el, E., I. T. Beck, F. Vallette and M. Favre: 4e communication: Le facteur cholinergique de la fièvre dinitrée et l’action de la Novocaine sur le lysis. Rely. physiol. pharmacol. Acta 5, 394 (1947d).

    Google Scholar 

  • From ll el, E., I. T. Beck, F. Vallette and M. Favre: 5e communication: Histamine et fièvre dinitrée. Heiv. physiol. pharmacol, Acta 5, 400 (1947e).

    Google Scholar 

  • Fromllel, E., I. T. Beck, F. Vallette and M. Favre: De l’action de la nikéthamide (Coramine) sur les centres de la thermorégulation et sur le rendement musculaire. Rely. physiol. pharmacol. Acta 21, 10 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  • Fueerman, F. A., and J. Field: Effect of 2,4-dinitrophenol on rat brain at 25 and 37,5° C. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 49, 504 (1942).

    Google Scholar 

  • Fujino, G.: Über die Wirkung einiger Sympathicusgifte auf die Körpertemperatur, besonders über ihre temperaturerniedrigende Wirkung. Okayama Igakkai Zasshi 44, 36 (1932). Ref. Ber. ges. Physiol. 67, 410 (1932).

    Google Scholar 

  • Fujitake, N.: Pyrogens IV. Folia pharmacol. jap. 49, 55 (1953). Ref. Chem. Abstr. 48, 6554 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  • Fusco, M. M.: Calorimetric measurements of physiological responses of the concious dog to local heating of the anterior hypothalamus. Physiologist 1, 25 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  • Fusco, M. M.: A dynamic study of the thermoregulatory responses of the unanesthetized dog to local heating of the hypothalamus. Diss. Univ. of Pennsilvania 1959.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fusco, M. M., J. D. Hardy, and H. T. Hammel: Interaction of central and peripheral factors in physiological temperature regulation. Amer. J. Physiol. 200, 572 (1961).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gabriel, E. R., and H. Holmgren: Studies on the blockade of the reticuloendothelial system. Acta path. microbiol. stand. 31, 205 (1952).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gangolpiie, M., and J. Courmont: Fièvre consecutive à l’obliteration vasculaire sans intervention microbienne. Arch. Méd. exp. 3, 504 (1891).

    Google Scholar 

  • Garrey, W. E., and W. R. Bryan: Variations in white blood cell counts. Physiol. Rev. 15, 597 (1935).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gelluorn, E., and J. Feldman: The influence of the thyroid on the vago-insulin and sympathetico-adrenal systems. Endocrinology 29, 467 (1941).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Genderen, H., and H. H. M. Diirvttte: Some aspects of the fever-producing action of purified bacterial pyrogens and non-bacterial pyrogens. Acta physiol. pharmacol. neerl. 5, 349 (1956).

    Google Scholar 

  • Genderen, H., and H. H. M. Diirvttte: The rôle of histamine and serotonin in the production of fever by bacterial pyrogens in rabbits. Acta physiol. pharmacol. neerl. 8, 116 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gerbrandy, J., W. I. Cranston and E. S. Snell: The initial process in the action of bacterial pyrogens in man. Clin. Sci. 13, 453 (1954).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • German, A.: Les pyrogènes. Ann pharm. franç. 6, 464 (1948).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Giaja, J., and I. N. Dimitrijevic: Étude de la thermorégulation dans la fièvre. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 45, 342 (1933).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Giaja, J., and X. Cuaaovitci i: Le quotient métabolique de l’adrénaline. C. R. Soc. Biol. (Paris) 93, 1330 (1925).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gilbert, R. P.: Mechanisms of the hemodynamic effects of endotoxin. Physiol. Rev. 40, 245 (1960).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gillman, S. M., L. Bornstein and W. B. Wood: Studies on the pathogenesis of fever. VIII. Further observations on the rôle of endogenous pyrogen in endotoxin fever. J. exp. Med. 114, 729 (1961).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ginger, L. G., N. M. Nesset, B. Riegel and E. J. Fitzsimons: Bacterial pyrogens. II. Pyrogenic preparations from various bacterial species. J. Amer. pharm. Ass. sci. Ed. 40, 421 (1951).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ginger, L. G., W. F. Windle and I. E. Johnson: Bacterial pyrogens. An annotated bibliography. Baxter Lab. Morton Grove, Illinois, 1952.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gerard, H.: Influence du cervau sur la chaleur animale et la fièvre. Arch. Psychiat. Nervenkr. 18, 281 (1886).

    Google Scholar 

  • Githens, T. S.: The influence of ergotoxin on body temperature. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 10, 327 (1917/18).

    Google Scholar 

  • Glaser, E. M., and P. S. B. Newling: The control of body temperature in thermal balance. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 137, 1 (1957).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Glickman, P. B., R. H. Palmer, and A. Kappas: Steroid fever and inflammation. Arch. intern. Med. 114, 46 (1964).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goebel, W. F., F. Bunkley and E. Perlman: Studies on the Flexner group of dysentery bacilli. I. The specific antigens of Shigella paradysenteriae (Flexner). J. exp. Med. 5, 315 (1945).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Göing, H.: Beeinflussung der Fieber erzeugenden Wirkung bakterieller Pyrogene durch Iproniacid, Reserpin und Dibenamin. Arzneimittel-Forsch. 9, 793 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  • Göing, H.: Die Wirkungsweise von Pyrogenen und bakteriellen Endotoxinen. Klin Wschr. 38, 1070 (1960).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Göing, H.: Die Wirkungsweise von Pyrogenen und bakteriellen Endotoxinen. Arzneimittel-Forsch. 11, 70 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  • Göing, H., and H. Mjcke: Die Bedeutung der vegetativen Zentren und des sympathischen Nervensystems für die Fieber-und Leukocytenreaktion nach bakteriellen Pyrogenen. Z. ges. exp. Med. 133, 386 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gogerty, J. H., and J. M. Dille: Tolerance to the pyretogenic effects of lysergic acid diethyl-amide. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 116, 450 (1956).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Göing, H., J. T. Elder and A. Horita: Modifications of actions of LSD-25 by reserpine. Fed. Proc. 16, 300 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldberg, L. I., H. K. Ezell and R. P. Walton: Electrocardiographic and serum potassium changes in fatal hyperthermia. Amer. Heart J. 44, 754 (1952).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goldberg, R. C., and I. L. Chaixoff: Failure of dinitrophenol-induced fall in plasma protein-bound iodine to stimulate augmented TSH production. Endocrinology 49, 613 (1951).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goldberg, R. C., J. Wolff and R. O. Greef: Mechanism of depression of plasma protein bound iodine by 2,4-dinitrophenol. Endocrinology 56, 560 (1955).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goltz, F., and I. R. Ewald: Der Hund mit verkürztem Rückenmark. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 63, 362 (1896).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gompel, M., and V. Henri: Actions physiologiques de l’argent colloidal. C. R. Soc. Biol. (Paris) 61, 362 (1906).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gonnard, P.: Cocaine et aminoxydase. J. Physiol. (Paris) 47, 329 (1955).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goodale, F., E. S. Snell, F. Wendt and W. I. Cranston: Inactivation of a bacterial pyrogen by human serum and plasma. Clin. Sei. 15, 491 (1956).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gorens, S. W., R. P. Geyer, L. W. Matthews and F. J. Stare: Parenteral Nutrition. X. Observations on the use of a fat emulsion for intravenous nutrition in man. J. Lab. clin. Med. 34, 1627 (1949).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gottlieb, R.: Experimentelle Untersuchungen über die Wirkungsweise temperaturherabsetzender Arzneimittel. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 26, 419 (1890).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gottlieb, R.: Calorimetrische Untersuchungen über die Wirkungsweise des Chinins und Antipyrins. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 28, 167 (1891).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gourzis, J. T., M. W. Hollenberg and M. Nickerson: Involvement of adrenergic factors in the effects of bacterial endotoxin. J. exp. Med. 114 593 (1961).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grape, E.: Die pathologische Physiologie des Gesamtstoff-und Kraftwechsels bei der Ernährung des Menschen. Der Stoffwechsel im Fieber. Ergebn. Physiol. 21, 363 (1923).

    Google Scholar 

  • Grape, E., and E. Gruenthal: Über isolierte Beeinflussung des Gesamtstoffwechsels vom Zwischenhirn aus. Min. Wschr. 1929 I, 1013.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grant, R.: Nature of pyrogen fever: effect of environmental temperature on response to typhoid-paratyphoid vaccine. Amer. J. Physiol. 159, 511 (1949).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grant, R.: Emotional hypothermia in rabbits. Amer. J. Physiol. 160, 285 (1950).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grant, R.: Physiological effects of heat and cold. Ann. Rev. Physiol. 13, 75 (1951).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grant, R.: Evidence that changes in blood plasma are responsible for developed refractoriness to bacterial pyrogens. Fed. Proc. 12, 55 (1953a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Grant, R.: Refractoriness to pyrogens. Effect of incubation of pyrogen with plasma from normal and refractory donors and the responses of refractory recipients. Amer. J. Physiol. 173, 246 (1953b).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grant, R.: Inhibition of pyrogen-plasma interaction as a possible cause of refractoriness to pyrogens. Fed. Proc. 13, 60 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  • Grant, R., and J. D. Hirsch: Pyrogen fever in rabbits. Effect of adrenalectomy. Amer. J. Physiol. 161, 528 (1950).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grant, R., and J. D. Hirsch: Development of refractoriness to pyrogens in adrenaleetomized rabbits. Amer. J. Physiol. 171, 728 (1952).

    Google Scholar 

  • Grant, R., and J. D. Hirsch, and B. B. Hirsch: Pyrogen fever in rabbits: Effect of adrenalectomy and thyroidectomy. Fed. Proc. 9, 50 (1950).

    Google Scholar 

  • Grant, R., J. Lewis and I. Ahrne: Effects of intrahypothalamic injections of pyrogens. Fed. Proc. 14, 16 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  • Grant, R., J. Lewis, M. Robbins and V. E. Hall: Effect of environmental temperature on the febrile reaction to typhoid paratyphiod vaccines and other pyrogens. Amer. J. Med. 6, 395 (1949).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grant, R., and W. J. Whalen: Latency of response to bacterial pyrogens as affected by previous incubation with blood. Fed. Proc. 11, 58 (1952).

    Google Scholar 

  • Grant, R., and W. J. Whalen: Latency of pyrogen fever. Appearence of a fast-acting pyrogen in the blood of febrile animals and in plasma incubated with bacterial pyrogen. Amer J Physiol. 173, 47 (1953).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Greisman, S. E., F. A. Carozza and J. D. Hills: Mechanisms of endotoxin tolerance. I. Relationship between tolerance and reticuloendothelial system phagocytic activity in rabbits. J. exp. Med. 117, 663 (1963).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Greisman, S. E., R. B. Hornick and F. A. Carozza: The role of endotoxin during typhoid fever and tularemia in man. I. Acquisition of tolerance to endotoxin. J. clin. Invest. 42, 1064 (1963).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Greisman, S. E., H. N. WAGNER, M. ho and R. B. HoRNicx: Mechanisms of endotoxin tolerance. II. Relationship between endotoxin tolerance and reticuloendothelial phagocytic activity in man. J. exp. Med. 119, 241 (1964).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Greisman, S. E., F. A. Carozza and Tn. E. Woodward: Mechanisms of endotoxin tolerance in man. In: Bacterial endotoxins, p. 567. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grey, H. M., W. Briggs and R. S. Farr: Passive transfer of sensitivity to antigen-induced fever. Clin. Res. 7, 263 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  • Griffith, F. R.: Fact and theory regarding the calorigenic action of adrenaline. Physiol. Rev. 31, 151 (1951).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gross, J., and S. Pitt- Rivers: Physiological activity of 3,5,3’-L-triiodothyronine. Lancet 1952 I, 593.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gnoupé, V., E. C. Herrmann and R. M. Dougherty: Protection of mice from neurotoxic action of influenza virus by “heat inactivated” receptor destroying enzyme. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 87, 636 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gruenthal, E., N. Mulholland and F. Strieck: Untersuchungen über den Einfluß des Zwischenhirns auf den respiratorischen Stoffwechsel des Hunden. I. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 145, 35 (1920).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Günther, TH., H.-J. Dulde and E. Schütte: Einfluß von 2,4-DNP auf die intra-und extracelluläre Elektrolytverteilung in vivo. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 239, 278 (1960a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Günther, TH., H.-J. Dulde and E. Schütte: Extrarenale Elektrolyt-und Wasserverteilung unter Thyroxin. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 239, 283 (1960b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Guerra, F., and H. G. Barbour: The mechanism of aspirin antipyresis in monkeys. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 79, 55 (1943).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guerra, F., and H. G. Barbour: The hypothalamic control of aspirin anti-pyresis in the monkey. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 80, 209 (1944).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gunne, L. M.: Noradrenaline and adrenaline in the rat brain during acute and chronic morphine administration and during withdrawal. Nature (Lond.).184, 1950 (1959).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gunne, L. M.: The temperature response in rats during acute and chronic morphine administration. A study of morphine tolerance. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 129, 416 (1960).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gupta, S. K., M. A. Patel and A. D. Joseph: Effects of chlorpromazine and epinephrine on blood sugar of rabbits. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 128, 82 (1960).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haan, J., and C. Albers: Thermoregulatorische Reaktionen unter Pyrogenwirkung. NaunynSchmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 238, 87 (1960).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haan, J., and A. W. Schmidt: Das Auftreten von endogenem Pyrogen beim fiebernden Kaninchen und seine Beeinflußbarkeit durch Pharmaka. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 246, 33 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hackenberg, AND: Statistische Grundlagen zur Messung pyrogener Wirkungen. NaunynSchmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 238, 108 (1960).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haertig, E. W., and J. H. Masseruan: Hypothalamic lesions and pneumonia in cats with notes on behaviour changes. J. Neurophysiol. 3, 293 (1940).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hagebuscj, O. E., F. J. Robben, M. S. Fleischer and L. Jones: Serum sickness in rabbits. III. Reaction of body temperature and leucocytic curves. J. Immunol. 22, 373 (1932).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hahn, F.: Unterschiedliche Wirkung von Coramin und Cardiazol auf die Körpertemperatur des Kaninchens. Min Wschr. 21, 460 (1942).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hahn, F.: Über den Einfluß einiger Analeptica (Cardiazol, Coramin, Neospiran und Cycliton) auf die Körpertemperatur des normalen und narkotisierten Kaninchens. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 202, 165 (1943).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Halberg, F., and W. W. Spinx: The influence of Brucella somatic antigen (endotoxin) upon the temperature rhythm of intact mice. Lab. Invest. 5, 283 (1956).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haley, TH. J., and S. R. Dasgupta: Intracerebral injection of lysergic acid diethylamide in conscious dogs and cats. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 113, 296 (1958).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hall, C. H., and E. Atkins: Studies on tuberculin fever. I. The mechanism of fever in tuberculin hypersensitivity. J. exp. Med. 109, 339 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hall, V. E., F. P. Attardo and J. N. Perryman: Influence of dinitrophenol on body temperature threshold for thermal polypnea. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 69, 413 (1948).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • J. M. Crismox and P. E. Chamberlin: The influence of cold on the calorigenic action of dinitrophenol. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 59, 193 (1937).

    Google Scholar 

  • J. Field and R. Grant: The metabolic activity of the central nervous system as it effects the thermostatic behaviour of the body. AND S. Air Force, Air Material Command, Engng. Div. Memorandum Rep. Contract No W 33038, Ser. No MCREX — 696 — 113 D (1948).

    Google Scholar 

  • J. Field, M. Sahyun, W. C. Cutting and M. L. Tainter: Carbohydrate metabolism, respiration and circulation in animals with basal metabolism heightened by dinitrophenol. Amer. J. Physiol. 106, 432 (1933).

    Google Scholar 

  • R. Grant, and J. Field: The influence of substances affecting body temperature on thermal polypnea. Fed. Proc. 7, 48 (1948).

    Google Scholar 

  • R. Grant, and W. J. Whalen: Influence of magnesium and pyrogen on temperature regulation. AND S. Air Force Tech. Dep. No 668/2, Aug. 1951.

    Google Scholar 

  • Halpern, B. N., G. Biozzi, J. Howard, C. Stiffel and D. Mouton: Exaltation du pouvoir toxique d’Eberthella typhosa tuée chez la souris inoculée avec le BCG vivant. Relation entre cette augmentation de la susceptibilité et l’état fonctionnel du systeme réticulo-endothélial. C. R. Soc. Biol. (Paris) 152, 899 (1958).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Halpern, B. N., P. Liacopoulos, and C. Perez Del Castillo: L’Anaphylaxie expérimentale chez le rat albinos. C. R. Soc. Biol. (Paris) 149, 314 (1955).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hammel, H. T., M. Fusco and J. D. Hardy: Responses to hypothalamic cooling in concious dogs. Fed. Proc. 18, 63 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hammel, H. T., J. D. Hardy and M. M. Fusco: Thermoregulatory responses to hypothalamic cooling in unanesthetized dogs. Amer. J. Physiol. 198, 481 (1960).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hammel, H. T., D. C. Jackson, J. A. J. Stolwijr, J. D. Hardy and S. B. Stremme: Thermoregulation by hypothalamic proportional control with an adjustable set point. J. appl. Physiol. 18, 1146 (1963).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hammel, H. T., and R. O. Rawson: Spontaneous changes in the hypothalamic temperature of the un-anesthetized dog. 22. Int. Congr. Physiol. Sei., Leyden 1962, vol. II, abstr. 487.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hammer, D., F. Goebel, O. Westphal, K. Sievers and O. Luderitz: Verhalten der Körpertemperatur und des weißen Blutbildes vom Pferd nach Injektion bakterieller Lipopolysaccharide. Z. Naturforsch. 13b, 561 (1958).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hammerschlag, A.: Über die Beziehungen des Fibrinfermentes zur Entstehung des Fiebers. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 27, 414 (1890).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hammouda, M.: The central and the reflex mechanism of panting. J. Physiol. (Loud.) 77, 319 (1933).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hamosh, M., and B. Shapiro: The mechanism of glycogenolytic action of endotoxin. Brit. J. exp. Path. 41, 372 (1960).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hamrick, W., and J. D. Myers: The effect of subfebrile doses of bacterial pyrogens on splanchnic metabolism and cardiac output. J. Lab. clin. Med. 45, 568 (1955).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hannon, J. P., and A. M. Larson: Fatty acid metabolism during norepinephrine — induced thermogenesis in cold-acclimatized rats. Amer. J. Physiol. 203, 1055 (1962).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harangozo-Oroszy, M. V., and B. V. Issekutz Jr.: Über den Vergleich des Sauerstoffverbrauchs des lebenden und überlebenden Muskels. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 200, 140 (1942/43).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hardy, J. D.: Physiology of temperature regulation. Physiol. Rev. 41, 521 (1961).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hardy, J. D.: Homeostatic temperature regulation. 22. Int. Congr. Physiol. Sci., Leyden 1962, vol. I, part I, p. 403.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hardy, J. D., M. Fusco and H. T. Hammel: Responses of concious dog to local heating of anterior hypothalamus. Physiologist 1, 34 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hardy, J. D., R. F. Hellon and K. Sutherland: Temperature-sensitive neurons in the dog’s hypothalamus. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 157, 242 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  • Harkness, W. D., W. L. LOVING and F. A. HODGES: Pyrexia in rabbits following the injection of filtrates of typical mold cultures. J. Amer. pharm. Ass., sci. Ed. 39, 502 (1950).

    Google Scholar 

  • Harkness, W. D., and B. J. Vos: Comparison of the effects of injection of pyrogenic solutions by intravenous and intramuscular routes. J. Amer. pharm. Ass., sci. Ed. 39, 413 (1950).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harnack, E., and W. Hochheidi: Über die temperaturerniedrigende Wirkung krampferregender Gifte. Z. klin. Med. 25 (1894).

    Google Scholar 

  • Harnack, E., and F. Schwegmann: Versuche über den Antagonismus temperaturverändernder Wirkungen. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 40, 151 (1898).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harris, S., and W. Henle: Lymphocytopenia in rabbits following intravenous injection of influenzae virus. J. Immunol. 59, 9 (1948).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hart, J. S.: Heat production mechanisms. 22. Int. Congr. Physiol. Sei., Leyden 1962, vol. I, part I, p. 398.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hartman, J. D.: Demonstration of two systems affecting blood leukocytes in the hypersensitive state with associated inflammation. J. Immunol. 80, 159 (1958).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hartman, J. D., and W. S. Hoch: Changes in blood leucocytes resulting from an antigen-antibody reaction. Amer. J. Physiol. 183, 214 (1955).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hartman, J. D., and K. M. Schreck: The in vitro quantitative relationship between two systems affecting blood leukocytes in inflammatory hypersensitivity reactions resulting from different antigens. J. Immunol. 80, 165 (1958).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hartmann, F. A., J. I. Evans, B. T. Malachowski and L. M. Michalek: Effect of sympathetic nerve stimulation upon the capillaries and fibres of sceletal muscle. Amer. J. Physiol. 85, 99 (1928).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hartmann, F. A., J. I. Evans, and H. G. Walker: The influence of epinephrin and of the sympathetic system on seeletal muscle fibres and capillaries. Science 65, 236 (1927).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hartmann, F. A., J. I. Evans, and H. G. Walker: The action of epinephrin upon the capillaries and fibres of sceletal muscle. Amer. J. Physiol. 85, 91 (1928).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hartmann, F. A., J. I. Evans, and H. G. Walker: Control of capillaries of sceletal muscle. Amer. J. Physiol. 90, 668 (1929).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hartwell, J. L., M. J. Shear and J. R. Adams: Chemical treatment of tumors. VII. Nature of the hemorrhage-producing fraction from Serratia marcescens (Bacillus prodigiosus) culture filtrate. J. nat. Cancer Inst. 4, 107 (1943).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hasama, B.: Pharmakologische und physiologische Studien über die Schweißzentren. II. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak 146, 129 (1929).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hasama, B.: Pharmakologische und physiologische Untersuchungen über die Schweißzentren. IV. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 153, 291 (1930).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hashimoto, M.: Fieberstudien. I. Über die spezifische Überempfindlichkeit des Wärmezentrums an sensibilisierten Tieren. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 78, 390 (1915a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hashimoto, M.: Fieberstudien. II. Über den Einfluß unmittelbarer Erwärmung und Abkühlung des Wärmezentrums auf die Temperaturwirkungen von verschiedenen pyrogenen und antipyretischen Substanzen. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 78, 394 (1915b).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hashimoto, M.: Zur Kenntnis der Wärmeregulation. III. Über die Beziehung der Hypophyse zur Wärmeregulation. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 101, 218 (1924).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haskins, W. T., M. Landy, K. C. Milner and R. Rim: Biological properties of parent endotoxins and lipid fractions, with a kinetic study of acid-hydrolyzed endotoxin. J. exp. Med. 114, 665 (1961).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hata, S., K. Aoyama, S. Ozawa, F. Miyazawa and M. Ogasawara: Purification of bacterial pyrogenic substances from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and its clinical applications. Bull. Nat. Hyg. Lab. (Tokyo) 71, 40 (1953). Ref. Chem. Abstr. 49, 7698 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hata, S., K. Aoyama, and S. Tanti: Studies on the bacterial pyrogenic substances. Jap. med. J. 3, 125 (1950).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hauschild, F.: Tierexperimentelles über eine peroral wirksame zentral-analeptische Substanz mit peripherer Kreislaufwirkung. Klin. Wschr. 17, 1257 (1938).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hauschild, F.: Atropin und Hyoscyamin, Parkinsonismus. In: Pharmakologie und Grundlagen der Toxikologie. Leipzig: Georg Thieme 1960.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hauser, N.: Über bakterielle pyrogene Stoffe. Z. Hyg. Infekt.-Kr. 136, 418 (1953a).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hauser, N.: Der Nachweis bakterieller pyrogener Stoffe durch intramuskuläre Injektion im Vergleich zur intravenösen im Tierversuch. Arzneimittel-Forsch. 3, 44 (1953b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Haustein, K.-O.: Zur Pharmakologie des N-d,l-ac-Tetrahydro-ß-naphthyl-N-allyl-ß-alanindiäthylamidhydrochlorids (Vo 07). Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 128, 500 (1960).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hegemann, F.: Zur Bedeutung des Blutserums für die Entstehung und das Unwirksam-werden bakterieller Reizstoffe beim Menschen. Z. Immun -Forsch. 111, 213 (1954).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hegemann, F.: Studien über die Natur des fieberstoffneutralisierenden Faktors im normalen menschlichen Blut. I. Mitt.: Über die Neutralisierung bakterieller Polysaccharide und zur Frage der Immunkörperwirkung. Z. Immun -Forsch. 112, 340 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hegemann, F.: II. Mitt.: Die Temperaturempfindlichkeit des neutralisierenden Faktors und die seiner Wirksamkeit. Z. Immun.-Forsch. 113, 386 (1956a).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hegemann, F.: III. Mitt.: Über die fieberstoffneutralisierende Eigenschaft des menschlichen Blutplasmas und über die Neutralisierung der leukocytenstimulierenden Wirkung bakterieller Endotoxine. Z. Immun.-Forsch. 113, 386 (1956b).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hegemann, F.: Experimenteller Beitrag zum Properdinproblem. Verh. dtsch. Ges. inn. Med. 62, 327 (1956c).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hegemann, F.: Studien über die Natur des fieberstoffneutralisierenden Faktors im normalen menschlichen Blut. IV. Mitt.: Der Nachweis der endotoxinneutralisierenden Eigenschaft des menschlichen Blutserums durch den Tierversuch. Z. Immun -Forsch. 114, 1 (1957).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heidenhain, R.: Über bisher unbeachtete Einwirkungen des Nervensystems auf die Körpertemperatur und den Kreislauf. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 3, 504 (1870).

    Google Scholar 

  • Helfrich, L. S.: The effect of morphine sulfate on temperature of various animals. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 49, 259 (1935).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hemingway, A.: The effect of morphine on the skin and rectal temperatures of dogs as related to thermal polypnea. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 63, 414 (1938).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hemingway, A., T. Rasmussen, H. Wikoff and A. T. Rasmussen: Effects of heating hypothalamus of dogs by diathermy. J. Neurophysiol. 3, 329 (1940).

    Google Scholar 

  • Henle, G., and W. Henle: Studies on the toxicity of influenza viruses. I. The effect of intracerebral injection of influenza viruses. J. exp. Med. 84, 623 (1946).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Henle, W., and G. Henle: II. The effect of intraabdominal and intravenous injection of influenza viruses. J. exp. Med. 84, 639 (1946).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hensel, H.: Mensch und warmblütige Tiere. In W. PRECUT, J. Christgrhersen and H. Hen-Sel, Temperatur und Leben. Berlin-Göttingen-Heidelberg: Springer 1955.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hensel, H.: Physiologie der Thermoreception. Ergebn. Physiol. 47, 166 (1952).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hensel, H., and F. J. Krueger: Hautdurchblutung der wachen Katze bei Kühlung des vorderen Hypothalamus. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 268, 72 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  • Herion, J. C., R. I. Walker and J. G. Palmer: Relation of leukocyte and fever responses to bacterial endotoxin. Amer. J. Physiol. 199, 809 (1960).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Herion, J. C., R. I. Walker and J. G. Palmer: Endotoxin fever in granulocytopenic animals. J. exp. Med. 113, 1115 (1961).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hermann, H., F. Jourdan, G. Morin and J. Vrar,: Conservation de régulation thermorégulatrice chez le chien a moelle détruite, bistellectomisé, puis bivagotomisé. C. R. Soc. Biol. (Paris) 132, 11 (1939).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hermann, H., G. Mourn, and P. Galy: Efficacité de la thermorégulation au cours de refroidissement chez les chiens sans moelle. C. R. Soc. Biol. (Paris) 127, 1491 (1938).

    Google Scholar 

  • Herr, F., J. Borsi and G. Pataky: Wirkung der Umwelttemperatur auf die Toxizität der Analgetica. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 223, 56 (1954).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Herring, W. B., J. C. Herion, R. I. Walker and J. G. Palmer: Distribution and clearance of circulating endotoxin. J. clin. Invest. 42, 79 (1963).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Herrmann, J. B.: The pyretic action on rats of small doses of morphine. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 76, 309 (1942).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Herter, K.: Der Temperatursinn der Säugetiere. Beitr. Tierkunde and Tierzucht 3 (1952).

    Google Scholar 

  • Herzberg, K., and S. Ortel: Liber die Herstellung eines Fieberimpfstoffes. Dtsch. Gesundh. Wes. 3, 300 (1948).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hess, W. R.: Photogrammatlanten von Stammganglien und Zwischenhirn der Katze. Standardserie 1926, Physiol. Inst. Zürich.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hess, W. R.: Beiträge zur Physiologie des Hirnstammes. I. Teil. Methodik der lokalisierten Reizung und Ausschaltung subcorticaler Hirnabschnitte. Leipzig: Georg Thieme 1932.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hess, W. R.: Das Zwischenhirn, S. 39. Basel: Benno Schwabe & Co. 1954.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hess, W. R. and W. A. Stoll: Experimenteller Beitrag betreffend die Regulierung der Körpertemperatur. Heiv. physiol. pharmacol. Acta 2, 461 (1944).

    Google Scholar 

  • Heubner, W.: Viper Kochsalzfieber und „Wasserfehier“. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 75, 435 (1914).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heusner, A. and Cand H. Marx: Technique d’enregistrement de longue durée de la température centrale chez la rat, libre de ses mouvements. C. R. Soc. Biol. (Paris) 152, 1575 (1958).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heyman, A., and P. B. Beeson: Influence of various disease states upon the febrile response to intravenous injection of typhoid bacterial pyrogen. J. Lab. clin. Med. 34, 1400 (1949).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heymans, C.: La tachycardie et la tachypnée pendant l’hyperthermie par le bleu de méthylène. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 28, 51 (1924).

    Google Scholar 

  • Heymans, C., and J. J. Bouckaert: Action hyperthermisante du dinitro-alphanaphtol chez le chien. C. R. Soc. Biol. (Paris) 99, 636 (1928).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heymans, C., and J. J. Bouckaert: Action hyperthermisante et cardiovasculaire du dinitro-alphanaphtol chez le chien. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 35, 63 (1929).

    Google Scholar 

  • Heymans, C., and E. Maigre: Le bleu de méthylène, corps hyperthermisant. C. R. Soc. Biol. (Paris) 85, 141. (1921).

    Google Scholar 

  • Heymans, C., and E. Maigre, and P. Regnier: Hyperthermie chez le singe par injection intraveineuse de bleu de méthylène. C. R. Soc. Biol. (Paris) 95, 1117 (1926).

    Google Scholar 

  • Heymans, J. F.: I. Thermisation du sang carotido-jugulaire chez le lapin. A. Modification de la température. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 25, 21 (1921).

    Google Scholar 

  • Heymans, J. F.: Hyperdéperdition calorique pendant l’hyperthermie par le bleu de méthylène. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 27, 319 (1923).

    Google Scholar 

  • Heymans, J. F., and C. Heymans: Hyperthermie et augmentations du volume respiratoire et de l’élimination de l’anhydride carbonique par le bleu de méthylène. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 26, 443 (1922).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heynigen, W. E. VAN: Recent developments in the field of bacterial toxins. Schweiz. Z. Path. 18, 1018 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hildebrand, F.: Der Gasstoffwechsel bei Überhitzung (Kurzwellen, Fango, Solluxlampe) sowie beim künstlichen „Fieber“ (Wärmestich, Pyrifer). Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak 201, 278 (1943).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hill, R. M., and E. K. Rutledge: Effect of autolyzed yeast, yeast nucleic acid and related substances on body-temperatures of rats. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 71, 9 (1949a).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hill, R. M., and E. K. Rutledge: Effects of injection of large molecular and particulate substance on body temperature of rats. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 72, 310 (1949b).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hilliuiann, G.: Biosynthese und Stoffwechselwirkungen der Schilddrüsenhormone. In: Biochemie und Klinik Stuttgart: Georg Thieme 1961.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hirsch, C., and O. Müller: Experimentelle Untersuchungen zur Lehre vom Fieber. II. Zur Methodik der thermoelektrischen Temperaturmessung. Dtsch. Arch. klirr Med. 75, 280 (1903).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hirsch, C., and O. Müller, and F. Rolly: Experimentelle Untersuchungen zur Lehre vom Fieber. I. Einleitung. Über Wärmeproduktion, Wärmeregulation und Fieber. Dtsch. Arch. klirr Med. 75, 264 (1903).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hirsch, C., and O. Müller, and F. Rolly: Experimentelle Untersuchungen zur Lehre vom Fieber. IV. Zur Wärmetopographie des curarisierten Kaninchens nach Wärmestich. Dtsch. Arch. klirr. Med. 75, 307 (1903).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hirsch, R.: Anaphylatoxinfieber und Gesamtenergie-und Stoffumsatz. Verh. dtsch. Kongr. inn. Med. 30, 78 (1913).

    Google Scholar 

  • Höber, R.: Alkali-und Erdalkalimetalle. In Handbuch der experimentellen Pharmakologie, Bd. III/1. Berlin: Springer 1927.

    Google Scholar 

  • Högyes, A.: Über die Wirkungen einiger Alkaloide auf die Körpertemperatur. NaunynSchmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 14, 113 (1881).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hoff, F.: Über den Einfluß von Bakterienstoffen auf das Blut. Z. exp. Med. 67, 615 (1929).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hoff, F.: Unspezifische Therapie und natürliche Abwehrvorgänge. Berlin: Springer 1930.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoffman, R. A.: Effect of LSD-25 on body temperature of pigeons. Amer. J. Physiol. 195, 747 (1958).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hoffman, R. A.: Effect of an interaction between tranquilizers, serotonin and lysergic acid diethylamide on the body temperature of pigeons. Amer. J. Physiol. 195, 751 (1958).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hoffman, R. A.: Temperature response of the rat to action and interaction of chlorpromazine, reserpine and serotonin. Amer. J. Physiol. 195, 755 (1958).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hohmann, G.: Studie über Gießfieber. Diss. Würzburg 1903.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hollister, L. E.: Clinical biochemical and psychological effects of psilocybin. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 130, 42 (1961).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holtkamp, D. E., and A. E. Heivincn: Prevention of thyroxine-induced increased oxygen consumption of rats by concurrent “Dibenzyline” administration. Fed. Proc. 12, 331 (1953).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hooner, S. B., and E. M. Follensby: Studies on scarlet fever. II. Different toxins produced by hemolytic streptococci of scarlatinal origin. J. Immunol. 27, 177 (1934).

    Google Scholar 

  • Horita, A.: ß-Phenylisopropylhydrazine, a potent and long acting monoamine oxidase inhibitor. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 122, 176 (1958).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Horita, A., and J. M. Dille: The pyretogenic effect of lysergic acid diethylamide. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 113, 29 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  • Horita, A., and J. H. Gogerty: Comparison of pyretogenic action of 5-Hydroxytryptophan (HTP) and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). Fed. Proc. 16, 308 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  • Horita, A., and J. H. Gogerty: The pyretogenic effect of 5-Hydroxytryptophan and its comparison with that of LSD. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 122, 195 (1958).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Horne, G. O.: Sensitivity to atropine in anhidrotic heat exhaustion. Trans. roy. Soc. trop. Med. Hyg. 48, 153 (1954).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Horstmann, P.: The effect of adrenaline on the oxygen consumption in diabetes mellitus and in hyperthyroidism. Acta endocr. (Kbh.) 16, 233 (1954).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hort, E., and W. J. Penfold: Microorganisms and their relations to fever. J. Hyg. (Loud.) 12, 361 (1912a).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hort, E., and W. J. Penfold: The relation of salvarsan fever to other forms of injection fever. Proc. roy. Soc., Med. Part. III, Path. Sect. 5, 131 (1912b).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Howard, J. G., G. Blozzl, B. N. Halpern, C. Stiffel and D. Mouton: Effect of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (BCG) infection on the resistance of mice to bacterial endotoxin and Salmonella enteritidis infection. Brit. J. exp. Path. 40, 281 (1959).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hsieh, A. C. L., and L. D. Carlson: Rôle of adrenaline and noradrenaline in chemical regulation of heat production. Amer. J. Physiol. 190, 243 (1957).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hsieh, A. C. L., and L. D. Carlson, and G. Gray: Rôle of the sympathetic nervous system in the control chemical regulation of heat production. Amer. J. Physiol. 190, 247 (1957).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huinouro, F., and G. Larrain: Studies on morphine. VII. Influence of demethylating drugs on the intensity of some morphine effects. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 155, 205 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hundeshagen, K.: Die Fiebererzeugung bei Laboratoriumstieren nebst Bemerkungen zur Fiebertherapie. Z. Immun -Forscb. 90, 287 (1937).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hunt, E. L., and D. J. Kimeldorf: Heart, respiration and temperature measurements in the rat during the sleep state. J. appl. Physiol. 15, 733 (1960).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hurni, H.: Infektionsresistenz bei Mäusen nach Vorbehandlung mit Lipopolysacchariden. Trans. 6th Congr. European Soc. Haematol. 1957, p. 933.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ikawa, M., J. B. Koepfli, S. G. Mudd, P. Clark, M. Ferrington and C. Niemann: An agent from E. coli causing hemorrhage and regression of an experimental mouse tumor. I. Isolation and properties. J. nat. Cancer Inst. 13, 157 (1952).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ingram, W R, C Fisher and R. W. Barries: Effects of lesions in the hypothalamus in cats. Amer. J. Physiol. 109, 57 (1934).

    Google Scholar 

  • Scovesco, H.: Quelques considérations préliminaires sur l’emploi thérapeutique des métaux colloidaux électriques à petits grains. C. R. Soc. Biol. (Paris) 62, 493 (1907).

    Google Scholar 

  • Isenschmid, R.: Über das durch Naphthylaminderivate erzeugte Fieber. Munch. med. Wschr. 61, 1756 (1914a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Isenschmid, R.: Über die Wirkung der die Körpertemperatur beeinflussenden Gifte auf die Tiere ohne Wärmeregulation. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 75, 10 (1914b).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Isenschmid, R.: Über die Wirkung der die Körpertemperatur beeinflussenden Gifte auf Tiere ohne Wärmeregulation. II. Tetrahydro-ß-Naphthylamin und Schweinerotlaufbazillen, mit Bemerkungen über Adrenalin, Kokain und Coffein. Als Beitrag zur Kenntnis des Stoffwechsels im Fieber. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 85, 271 (1920).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Isenschmid, R.: Über das Wesen und die Bedeutung des Fiebers. Schweiz. med. Wschr. 6, 1173 (1925).

    Google Scholar 

  • Isenschmid, R.: Physiologie der Wärmeregulation. In: Handbuch der normalen und pathologischen Physiologie, Bd. 17/III, S. 1. Berlin: Springer 1926.

    Google Scholar 

  • Isenschmid, R., E. Glanzmann, H. Berger and T. Gordonoff: Pharmakotherapie des Fiebers und der fieberhaften Affektionen. Bern and Stuttgart: Hans Huber 1954.

    Google Scholar 

  • Isenschmid, R., and W. Schnitzler: Beitrag zur Lokalisation des der Wärmeregulation vorstehenden Zentralapparates im Zwischenhirn. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 76, 202 (1914).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Isenschmid, R.: Unspezifische, humorale Abwehrmechanismen. Schweiz. med. Wschr. 88, 127 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  • Issekutz, B. v., M. Leinzinger and B. VON Issekutz: Wirkungsort des Thyroxins. III. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 185, 675 (1937).

    Google Scholar 

  • Issekutz, B. V.: Die Rolle des Zentralnervensystems und der Schilddrüse bei der Wärmeregulation. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 238, 737 (1937).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ito, H.: Über den Ort der Wärmebildung nach Gehirnstich. Z. Biol. 38, 63 (1899).

    Google Scholar 

  • Jacobj, C.: Über die Beziehungen der Blutdrüsen zu den Lymphräumen, mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Hypophysis und der Gehirnventrikel als Teile des Wärmeregulationsapparates. Ther. Mh. 25, 291 (1911).

    Google Scholar 

  • Jacobj, C., and C. Römer: 4. Beitrag zur Erklärung der Wärmestichhyperthermie. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 70, 149 (1912).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobsen, E.: Die Temperaturwirkung einiger phenylsubstituierter aliphatischer Amine. Skand. Arch. Physiol. 81, 244 (1939).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jaeger, W., and R. Seraphin: Gefäßreaktionen nach intravenöser Injektion hochgereinigter bakterieller Pyrogene. Albrecht v. Graefes Arch. Ophthal. 158, 449 (1957).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jandl, J. H., and A. S. Tomlinson: The destruction of red cells by antibodies in man. II. Pyrogenic, leukocytic and dermal responses to immune hemolysis. J. clin. Invest. 37, 1202 (1958).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jelsma, F.: The antagonism between the carotid and vertebral criculation with rapport to the control of heat regulation centers. Amer. J. Physiol. 93, 661 (1930).

    Google Scholar 

  • Jenkin, C. R., and D. Rowley: The role of opsonins in the clearance of living and inert particles by cells of the reticuloendothelial system. J. exp. Med. 114, 363 (1961).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jenkin, C. R., and D. Rowley: Basis for immunity to typhoid in mice and the question of „cellular immunity“. Bact. Rev. 27, 391 (1963).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Joel, E., and A. Ettinger: Zur Pathologie der Gewöhnung. III. Experimentelle Studien über Morphingewöhnung. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 115, 334 (1926).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johanovsky, J.: Demonstration of endogenous pyrogen in serum during systemic tuberculin reaction in rabbits. Nature (Loud.) 183, 693 (1959a).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johanovsky, J.: The mechanism of the delayed type of hypersensitivity. I. The systemic tuberculin reaction and its passive transfer. Fol. microbiol. Acad. Sci. Bohemoslovenica 4, 101 (1959b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Johanovsky, J.: II. Demonstration of hypersensitivity on rabbits leucocytes by a staining test in vitro and its relation to the other manifestation of tuberculin hypersensitivity. Fol. microbiol. Acad. Sei. Bohemoslovenica 4, 160 (1959c).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johanovsky, J.: IV. The formation of pyrogenic substances during incubation of cells of hypersensitive rabbits with tuberculin in vitro. Fol. microbiol. Acad. Sci. Bohemoslovenica 4, 286 (1959d).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johanovsky, J.: Production of pyrogenic substances in the reaction of cells of hypersensitive guinea pigs with antigen in vitro Immunology 3, 179 (1960).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, R. B., G. Feldott and H. A. Lardy: The mode of action of the antibiotic, usnic acid. Arch. Biochem. 28, 317 (1950).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jona, J. L.: A contribution to the experimental study of fever. J. Hyg. (Loud.) 15, 169 (1915).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jonescu : Pharmakologische Untersuchungen über Tetrahydronaphthylamin. NaunynSchmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 60, 345 (1909).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jori, A., C. Carrara, S. Paglialunga and S. Garattini: Pharmacological studies on moda-line sulphate. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. (Lond.) 17, 703 (1965).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jori, A., and S. Garattini: Interaction between Imipramine-like agents and catecholamineinduced hyperthermia. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. (Loud.) 17, 480 (1965).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kahn, R. H.: Über die Erwärmung des Carotisblutes. Arch. Physiol. Suppl.-Bd. 1904, 81.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaiser, H. K., and W. B. Wood: Studies on the pathogenesis of fever. IX. The production of endogenous pyrogen by polymorphonuclear leucocytes. J. exp. Med. 115, 27 (1962a).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaiser, H. K., and W. B. Wood: Studies on the pathogenesis of fever. X. The effect of certain enzyme inhibitors on the production and activity of leucocytic pyrogen. J. exp. Med. 115, 37 (1962b).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kanthack, A. A.: Acute leucocytosis produced by bacterial products. Brit. med. J. 1892 I, 1301.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kappas, A.: Fever producing steroids of endogenous origin in man. 7th Nat. Chem. Symp. Amer. Chem. Soc. Kingston 1960.

    Google Scholar 

  • P. B. Glickman and R. H. Palmer: Steroid fever studies: physiological differences between bacterial pyrogens and endogenous steroid pyrogens in man. Trans. Ass. Amer. Phycns 73, 176 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  • P. B. Glickman and R. H. Palmer, and B. Ratkovits: Physiologic differences between steroid and bacterial pyrogens. J. Lab. clin. Med. 54, 832 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  • L. Hellman, D. K. Fukushima and R. F. Gallagher: The pyrogenic effect of etiocholanolone (3a-hydroxyetiocholane-17-one). J. clin. Endocr. 16, 948 (1956).

    Google Scholar 

  • L. Hellman, D. K. Fukushima and R. F. Gallagher: The pyrogenic effect of etiocholanolone. J. clin. Endocr. 17, 451 (1957).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • L. Hellman, D. K. Fukushima and R. F. Gallagher: The thermogenic effect and metabolic fate of etiocholanolone in man. J. clin. En-docr. 18, 1043 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  • L. Hellman, and R. H. Palmer: Selected aspects of steroid pharmacology. Pharmacol. Rev. 15, 123 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  • L. Hellman, and R. H. Palmer, and P. B. Glickman: Steroid fever. Amer. J. Med. 31, 167 (1961).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • L. Hellman, and B. Ratkovits: Species specificity of steroid induced fever. J. clin. Endocr. 20, 898 (1960).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • L. Hellman, W. Sovbel, D. K. Fukusiiima and T. F. Gallagher: Studies on pyrogenic steroids in man. Trans Ass. Amer. Phycns 72, 54 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  • L. Hellman, W. Sovbel, P. Glickman and D. K. Fukushima: Fever-producing steroids of endogenous origin in man. Arch. intern. Med. 105, 701 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaufmann, M. M.: Influence exercée par la fièvre sur les actions chimiques intra-organiques et la thermogénèse. C. R. Soc. Biol. (Paris) 10, 773 (1896).

    Google Scholar 

  • Keene, W. R.: The pathogenesis of fever. Fevers produced by intrathecal injection of endotoxin. Bull. Johns Hopk. Hosp. 99, 103 (1956).

    Google Scholar 

  • Keene, W. R., M. Landy, M. J. Shear and K. A. Strelecky: Inactivation of endotoxin by a humoral component. VII. Enzymatic degradation of endotoxin by human plasma. J. clin. Invest. 40, 302 (1961).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Keene, W. R., H. R. Silberman, M. Landy and K. A. Strelecky: Observation on the pyrogenic response and its application to the bioassay of endotoxin. J. clin. Invest. 40, 295 (1961).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Keeton, R. W.: Vaccine fever in rabbits rendered poikilothermous by cervical cord transsection. Amer. J. Physiol. 71, 120 (1924/25).

    Google Scholar 

  • Keller, A. D., and W. K. Hare: Heat regulation in medullary and in midbrain preparations. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 29, 1067 (1932).

    Google Scholar 

  • Keller, A. D., and W. K. Hare: The hypothalamus and heat regulation. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 29, 1069 (1932).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ken, K., E. Araki and T. Maeda: Die autonome Innervation des willkürlichen Muskels und ihre Beziehung zur chemischen Wärmeregulation. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 225, 372 (1930).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kerby, G. P.: Release of enzyme from human leucocytes on damage by bacterial derivatives. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 81, 381 (1952).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kiessig, H.-J.: Untersuchungen über die Wirkungsweise der Sympathicomimetica. VII. liber die temperatursteigernde Wirkung einiger Sympathicomimetica. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 197, 384 (1940).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kiliani, M.: Pharmakologische Wertbestimmung der technischen Fiebermittel. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 21, 333 (1911).

    Google Scholar 

  • Killian, H.: Fieber. Munch. med. Wschr. 95, 262 (1953).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krrm, M. K.: The effects of various endogenous pyrogens on circulating granulocytes. J. Lab. clin. Med. 54, 833 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  • Krrm, M. K.: Pathogenesis of fever: effects of various endogenous pyrogens upon the level of circulating granulocytes in normal rabbits. J. exp. Med. 112, 809 (1960).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krrm, M. K., and W. B. Woon: Studies on the pathogenesis of fever. III. The leucocytic origin of endogenous pyrogen in acute inflammatory exudates. J. exp. Med. 107, 279 (1958a).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krrm, M. K., Production of fever in rabbits with extracts of tissue culture cells infected with Coxsackie virus. J. Lab. clin. Med. 59, 986 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  • Krrm, M. K., Pathogenesis of fever in rabbits following intravenous injection of Coxsackie virus. J. Lab. clin. Med. 63, 23 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  • Krrm, M. K., IV. The site of action of leucocytic and circulating endogenous pyrogen. J. exp. Med. 107, 291 (1958b).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krrm, M. K., V. The relation of circulating endogenous pyrogen to the fever in acute bacterial infections. J. exp. Med. 107, 305 (1958c).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krrcaanrmer, W F, A R Hess and R. G. Spears: Attempts of passive transfer of tuberculin type of sensitivity with living granulocytes. Amer. Rev. Tubero. 64, 516 (1951).

    Google Scholar 

  • Krrcaanrmer, W F, and R. S. Weiser: Tuberculin reaction. I. Passive transfer of tuberculin sensitivity with cells of tuberculous guinea pigs. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 66, 166 (1947).

    Google Scholar 

  • Krrcaanrmer, W F, and R. S. Weiser, and R. VAN Liew: III. Transfer of systemic tuberculin sensitivity with cells of tuberculous guinea pigs. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 70, 99 (1949).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kisskalt, K.: Über das Gießfieber und verwandte gewerbiiche Metalldampfinhalationskrankheiten. Z. Hyg. Infekt.-Kr. 71, 472 (1912).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klemperer, G.: Die Beziehungen verschiedener Bakteriengifte zur Immunisierung und Heilung. Z. klin Med. 20, 165 (1892).

    Google Scholar 

  • Klemperer, G. H.: The uncoupling of oxydative phosphorylation in rat liver mitochondria by thyroxine, trijodothyronine and related substances. Biochem. J. 60, 122 (1955).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klzssruxrs, N., and I. Dosi: Untersuchungen über die Wirkung des Megaphens und des Reserpins auf das Phenylisopropylaminfieber des Kaninchens. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 236, 113 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  • Knoll, K. H.: Vergleichende Pyrogenwirksamkeit von Bakterienpolysacchariden pathogener und apathogener Klebsiellastämme. Z. Immun -Forsch. 11. 6, 2 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  • Knoppers, A. T., and J. TEN Cate: La glande thyroide, est-elle importante pour Faction hyperthermisante de la tetra-hydro-ß-naplthylamine ? Arch. néerl. Physiol. 27, 133 (1943a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Knoppers, A. T., and J. TEN Cate: Tetrahydro-ß-naphthylamine et les glandes endocrines. II. l’Hypophyse. Arch. néerl. Physiol. 27, 224 (1943b).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Knoppers, A. T., and J. TEN Cate: Tetrahydro-ß-naphthylamine et les glandes endocrines. III. Les glandes surrénales. Arch. néerl. Physiol. 27, 235 (1943c).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kobayashi, G. S.. and L. Friedman: False positive pyrogenic responses induced in rabbits by latex particles. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 116, 716 (1964).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kobayashi, M., N. Fujitake and H. Yamada: A note on the double-peak curve of body temperature induced by pyrogens. Jap. J. Pharmacol. 1, 44 (1951).

    Google Scholar 

  • Körner, H.: Beiträge zur Temperaturtopographie des Säugetierkörpers. Diss. Breslau 1871.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kondo, S.: Acta Sch. med. Univ. imp. Kioto 3, 169 (1919).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kopp, I.: Metabolic rates in therapeutic fever. Amer. J. med. Sci. 190, 491 (1935).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kosara, T.: The heat production in the liver. J. orient. Med. 12, 19 (1930).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kraus, F.: Vasomotoren und Fieber. Wien. klin. Wschr. 11, 229 (1894).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kreiil, L.: Versuche über die Erzeugung von Fieber bei Tieren. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 35, 22 (1895).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kreiil, L.: Wesen und Behandlung des Fiebers. Verh. dtseh. Kongr. inn. Med. 30, 26 (1913).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kreiil, L., and Kratzsch: Untersuchungen über die Orte der erhöhten Wärmeproduktion im Fieber. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 41, 184 (1898).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kreiil, L., and M. Mattes: Wie entsteht die Temperatursteigerung des fiebernden Organismus ? Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 38, 284 (1897).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krön, R.: Die intravenöse Schwefeltherapie. Schweiz. med. Wschr. 81, 963 (1951).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kroneberg, G., and G. H. Kuebjuweit: Die Beeinflussung von experimentellem Fieber durch Reserpin und Sympathicolytica am Kaninchen. Arzneimittel-Forsch. 9, 556 (1959).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kuv, E.: Effect of bacterial endotoxin on glycogen synthesis. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 68, 496 (1948).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuv, E., and L. G. Abood: Mechanism of inhibition of glycogen synthesis by endotoxins of Salmonella aertrycke and type I Meningococcus. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 71, 362 (1949).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuv, E., and C. P. Miller: Effect of bacterial endotoxins on carbohydrate metabolism of rabbits. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 67, 221 (1948).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kung, S., A. O. Edison and Cand BUTZ: A method for large scale testing of pyrogens. J. Amer. pharm. Ass., sci. Ed., 35, 59 (1946).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuuisut, M.: Pyrogens. Fol. pharmacol. jap. 49, 69 (1953). Ref. Chem. Abstr. 48, 6554 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kym, O.: Die Beeinflussung des durch verschiedene fiebererzeugende Stoffe erregten Temperaturzentrums durch lokale Applikation von Ca, K und Na. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak 176, 408 (1934).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lambert, G. F., J. P. Miller and D. V. Frost: Febrile response following intravenous administration of fat. Amer. J. Physiol. 164, 490 (1951).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Landy, M.: Increase in resistence following administration of bacterial lipopolysaccharides. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 66, 292 (1956).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Landy, M., and A. G. Jouusn: Studies on the 0 antigen of salmonella typhosa. IV. Endotoxic properties of the purified antigen. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 90, 57 (1955).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Landy, M., and L. Plllemer: Increased resistance to infection and accompanying alteration in properdin levels following administration of bacterial lipopolysaccharides. J. exp. Med. 104, 383 (1956a).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Landy, M., and M. J. Sh ear: Host responses elicited by polysaccharides of bacterial and mammalian derivation. Fed. Proc. 16, 857 (1957a).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Landy, M., and M. J. Shear: Similarity of host responses elicited by polysaccharides of animal and plant origin and by bacterial endotoxins. J. exp. Med. 106, 77 (1957b).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Landy, M., and M. J. Shear: Polysaccharides of mammalian derivation. Their biological activities, including interaction with properdin. Tran. 6th Congr. European Soc. Haematology, Copenhagen, 1957c.

    Google Scholar 

  • A landy, M., R. C. Siarnes, F. S. Rosen, R. J. Trapani and J. Shear: Inactivation of biologically active (“endotoxic”) polysaccharides by fresh human serum. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 96, 744 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  • Landy, M., R. J. Trapani and M. J. Shear: Inactivation of endotoxin by a humoral component. IV. Alteration in the immunological properties of typhoid endotoxin. Fed. Proc. 18, 579 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  • Langlois, J. P.: Fièvre. Richet’s Diet. Physiol. 6, 423 (1904).

    Google Scholar 

  • Laszlo, D., and M. Waghsteln: Beitrag zur Wärmeregulation im Fieber. Klin. Wschr. 13, 1568 (1934).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Laurexz1, A. F.: Apparecchio a registrazione automatica per il controllo dei pirogeni. Boll. chim -farm. 95, 540 (1956).

    Google Scholar 

  • Leblond, E.: Étude physiologique et thérapeutique de la caféine. Thèse de Paris 1883.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lechat, P., and D. Deleau: Corticosurrénales et fièvre provoquée par les pyrogènes bactériens. C. R. Soc. Biot (Paris) 155, 2276 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee, R. C.: The rectal temperature of the normal rabbit. Amer. J. Physiol. 125, 521 (1939).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lefèvre, J.: Chaleur animale et bioénergétique. Paris: Masson & Cie. 1911.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lehmann, K. B.: Studien über technisch und hygienisch wichtige Gase und Dämpfe. XIV. Das Gieß-oder Zinkfieber. Arch. Hyg. (Berl.) 72, 358 (1921).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lxminger, A. L.: The action of thyroxine on mitochondria and oxydative phosphorylation. Proc. Internat. Sympos. Enzyme Chem. Tokyo and Kyoto 1957, p. 297

    Google Scholar 

  • Lxminger, A. L.: Thyroxine and the swelling and contraction cycle in mitochondira. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 86, 484 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lxminger, A. L., and B. L. Ray: Oxydation-reduction state of rat liver mitochondria and the action of thyroxine. Biochim. biophys. Acta 26, 643 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  • Leonard, S. L.: Effect of hormones on muscle glycogenolysis in hypophysectomized animals. Amer. J. phys. Med. 34, 297 (1955).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leonard, S. L., and I. Ringler: Glycogenolytic effects of epinephrine in skeletal muscles of hypophysectomized rats treated with glycopexic hormones. Endocrinology 55, 212 (1954).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lequire, V. S.: Augmentation of the thermogenic effects of pyrogens by homologous plasma in rabbits. Naval Med. Res. Inst. Proj. NM 007047 Rep. No 6 (1949).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lequire, V. S.: The augmentation of the thermogenic effects of pyrogens by homologous plasma in rabbits (including the effect of heparin). J. infect. Dis. 88, 194 (1951).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lesciiiie, E.: Untersuchungen über anaphylaktisches Fieber. Verh. dtsch. Kongr. inn. Med. 30, 80 (1913).

    Google Scholar 

  • Leuthardt, F., and B. Exer: JYber den Einfluß des Methylenblaus auf die Atmung der Leber-mitochondrion. Rely. chim. Acta 36, 519 (1953).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levassort, CH.: Action de quelques agents pharmacodynamiques hyperthermisants et hypothermisants sur le métabolisme de base du lapin. J. Physiol. (Paris) 56, 693 (1964).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leyden, E., and A. Fräikel: Über den respiratorischen Gasaustausch im Fieber. Virchows Arch. path. Anat. 76, 136 (1879).

    Google Scholar 

  • Liebermeister, C.: Handbuch der Pathologie und Therapie des Fiebers. Leipzig 1875.

    Google Scholar 

  • LING, C. Y.: The mechanism of reaction of nonspecific protein agents in the treatment of disease. I. The influence of various agents on temperature and leukocyte counts in normal persons and in rabbits. II. The influence of various agents on the mobilization of blood antibodies. III. The influence of various agents on the mobilization of blood enzymes in normal persons and in rabbits. Arch. intern. Med. 35, 598, 790 (1925).

    Google Scholar 

  • Löffler, W.: TJber Fieber. Schweiz. med. Wschr. 6, 1181 (1925).

    Google Scholar 

  • Loewi, O.: Pharmakologie des Wärmehaushaltes. Ergebn. Physiol. 3, 332 (1904).

    Google Scholar 

  • Loewi, O., and O. Weselko: Über den Einfluß der Thyreoidektomie auf die Wärmestichreaktion bei Kaninchen. Zbl. Physiol. 28, 197 (1914).

    Google Scholar 

  • Logan, R. E., and A. Lein: Time required for metabolic response to single injection of thyroxin. Fed. Proc. 10, 85 (1951).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lotti, V. J., P. Lomax and R. George: Temperature responses in the rat following intracerebral microinjection of morphine. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 150, 135 (1965).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lüderitz, O.: Fiebererzeugende Substanzen mit besonderer Berücksichtigung bakterieller Pyrogene. Schriftenreihe WANDER, Reizbeantwortung des Körpers. Bern: Wander 1959.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lüderitz, O., D. Hammer, F Goebel, K. Sievers and O. Westphal: Die Inaktivierung der endotoxischen Wirksamkeit bakterieller Lipopolysaccharide im Serum, Plasma und Vollblut vom Pferd. Z. Naturforsch. 13 b, 565 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lüderitz, O., and O. Westphal: Die Bedeutung von Mutanten bei Enterobacteriaceen für die chemische Erforschung ihrer Zellwand-Polysaccharide. Angew. Chemie (1966) (im Druck).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lüdre, H.: Über Ursachen und Wirkungen der Fiebertemperatur. Ergebn. inn. Med. Kinderheilk. 4, 493 (1909).

    Google Scholar 

  • Maass, TH. A.: Stoffwechsel bei Hyperthermien, Fieber. In: Handbuch der Biochemie des Menschen und der Tiere, Erg.-Bd. 3, S. 248. Jena: G. Fischer 1936.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maclennan, A. P.: Specific lipopolysaccharides of Bordetella. Biochem. J. 74, 398 (1960).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mager, J., and E. Theodor: Inhibition of mitochondrial respiration and uncoupling of oxydative phosphorylation by fraction of shigella paradysenteriae type III somatic antigen. Arch. Biochem. 67, 169 (1957).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Magne, H., A. Mayer and L. Plantefol: Action pharmacodynamique des phénols nitrés. Un agent augmentant les oxydations cellulaires. Le dinitrophénol 1–2–4 (Thermol). Ann. Physiol. Physicochim. biol. 7, 269 (1931).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Magne, H., A. Mayer and L. Plantefol: Action pharmacodynamique des phénols nitrés. Un agent augmentant les oxydations cellulaires. Le dinitrophénol 1–2–4 (Thermol). Ann. Physiol. Physicochim. biol. 8, 1 (1932a).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Magne, H., A. Mayer and L. Plantefol: Ètudes sur l’action du dinitrophénol 1–2–4 (Thermol). II. Quelques retentissements de l’intoxication mortale par le dinitrophénol 1–2–4 sur les phénomènes généraux de la nutrition. Action sur les reserves de glucides. Ann Physiol. Physicochim. biol. 8, 51 (1932b).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Magne, H., A. Mayer and L. Plantefol: III. L’intoxication non mortelle et l’intoxication chronique par le dinitrophénol 1–2–4. Accoutumance au dinitrophénol. Ann Physiol. Physicochim. biol. 8, 70 (1932c).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Magne, H., A. Mayer and L. Plantefol: VIII. Action pharmacologique des differents phénols nitrés. Comparison de l’intoxication par le dinitrophénol 1–2–4 avec celles que provoquent les autres phénols nitrés. Ann. Physiol. Physicochim. biol. 8, 157 (1932d).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Magnus, R.: Allgemeines über Abführmittel. Anthrachinonderivate, Chrysarobin, Phenolphthalein. In: Handbuch der experimentellen Pharmakologie, Bd. II/2, S. 1592. Berlin: Springer 1924.

    Google Scholar 

  • Magoun, H. W., F. Harrison, J. R. Brodbeck and S. W. Ranson: Activation of heat loss mechanisms by local heating of the brain. J. Neurophysiol. 1, 101 (1938).

    Google Scholar 

  • Magyary-Kossa, J. v.: Über den Einfluß der Aloe und der Antrachinonderivate auf die Körpertemperatur. Arch. hit. Pharmacodyn. 20, 157 (1910)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maley, G. F., and H. A. Lardy: Metabolic effects of thyroid hormones in vitro. II. Influence of thyroxine and triiodothyronine on oxydative phosphorylation. J. biol. Chem. 204, 435 (1953).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mameli, E., and E. Filippi: Azione biotermica delle sostanze organiche. Ann. clin. appl. 16, 556 (1926).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mann, G. V., R. P. Geyer, D. M. W atrin and F. J. Stare: Parenteral nutrition. IX. Fat emulsions for intravenous nutrition in man. J. Lab. clin. Med. 34, 699 (1949).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mansfeld, G.: Über das Wesen der chemischen Wärmeregulation. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 171, 430 (1915).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mansfeld, G.: Die Wanderung des Thyroxins durch Nerven und ihre Bedeutung für die Katalyse der Zellatmung. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 193, 241 (1939).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mansfeld, G.: Die Hormone der Schilddrüse und ihre Wirkungen. Basel: Benno Schwabe & Co. 1943.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mansfeld, G., and E. Meszaros: Weitere Untersuchungen über humorale Übertragbarkeit der chemischen Wärmeregulation. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 196, 590 (1940a).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mansfeld, G., and E. Meszaros: Tuber das Nichtvorhandensein einer zentrenlosen Wärmeregulation. Naunyn-Schmicdeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 196, 609 (1940b).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mansfeld, G., F. v. Tyukody and I. Scheff-Pfeifer: Über den Angriffspunkt des Thyroxins. NaunynSchmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 181, 376 (1936).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mantegazza, P., and M. Riva: Anorexigenic activity of L (-) Dopa in animals pretreated with monoaminoxidase inhibitors. Med. exp. 4, 367–373 (1961).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maragliano, ED.: Das Verhalten der Blutgefäße im Fieber und bei Antipyrese. Z. klin. Med. 14, 309 (1888); 17, 291 (1890).

    Google Scholar 

  • Marcus, S., C. Anselmo and J. J. Perkins: Studies on bacterial pyrogenicity. I. Quantitative basis. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 99, 359 (1958).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marine, D., M. Deutch and A. Cira: Effect of ergotamine tartrate on the heat production of normal and thyroidectomized rabbits. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 24, 662 (1927).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martin, H., and W. Spielmann: Pyrogenes Material aus normalen Erythrocyten. Klin Wschr. 36, 491 (1958).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martini, E.: Increase of the cathepsin activity of the liver and of the skeletal muscle of rats treated either with 2,4-Dinitrophenol or with bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Experientia (Basel) 15, 182 (1959).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martini, P., and FR. Grosse - Brockhoff: Strophanthinwirkung im Fieber. Naunyn- Schmiede-berg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 180, 597 (1956).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martini, V.: Azione della contenzione e della narcosi sulla ipertermia sperimentale da vaccino e da sostanze chimiche. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 48, 366 (1934).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martini, V., and M. Orunesu: Azione della tetraidronaftilamina (T.I.N.A.) sul contenuto di glicogeno epatico e muscolare e sulla glicemia del ratto. Boll. Soc. ital. Biol. sper. 33, 1682 (1957).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martini, V., and M. Orunesu: Hepatic cyclophorase activity in rats treated with 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-ß-naphtylamine (THNA). Experientia (Basel) 15, 331 (1959a).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martini, V., and M. Orunesu: In vitro effects of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-ß-naphthylamine (THNA) on succinate oxidation by rat liver homogenates. Experientia (Basel) 15, 332 (1959b).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martius, C.: Die Stellung des Phyllochinons (Vitamin K1) in der Atmungskette. Biochem. Z. 326, 26 (1954).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martius, C.: Thyroxin und oxydative Phosphorylierung. 3 e Congr. int. Biochimie, Bruxelles 1955.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martius, C., and B. Huss: The mode of action of thyroxine. Arch. Biochem. 33, 486 (1951).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martius, C., and B. Huss: 1 ber den Wirkungsmechanismus des Schilddriisenhormons. Biochem. Z. 326, 191 (1955).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matakas, F.: Besteht ein Parallelismus zwischen Funktion und Stoffwechsel vegetativer Organe ? Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 162, 395 (1931).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Matsueda, A.: Experimentelle Untersuchungen über die biologischen Wirkungen des Histamins. VII. Mitt. Tuber die Vergleichungen der Histamin-und der Adrenalinwirkungen auf den Blutzucker und die Körpertemperatur. Okayama Igakkai Zasshi 44, 1016 (1932). Ref. Ber. ges. Physiol. 68, 790 (1932).

    Google Scholar 

  • May, R.: Der Stoffwechsel im Fieber. Z. Biol. 30, 1 (1893).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mccabe, W. R.: Tolerance to bacterial endotoxin produced by proliferation of gram negative bacteria in the kidney. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 107, 402 (1961).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mccabe, W. R.: Endotoxin tolerance. II. Its occurence in patients with pyelonephritis. J. clin. Invest. 42. 618 (1963).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mccabe, W. R., and L. V. Anderson: Endotoxin tolerance. I. Its induction by experimental pyelonephritis. J. clin. Invest. 42, 610 (1963).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mcclosky, W. T., C. W. Price, W. V. Winkle Jr., H. Welch and H. O. Calvery: Results of first ANDS.P. collaborative study of pyrogens. J. Amer. pharm. Ass., sci. Ed. 32, 69 (1943).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • I vicdonald, R. K., V. K. Weise and R. E. Peterson: Effect of aspirin and reserpine on adrenocortical response to piromen in man. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 93, 343 (1956).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mechanic, R. C., E. Frei, M. Landy and W. W. Smith: Quantitative studies of human leucocytic and febrile response to single and repeated doses of purified bacterial endotoxin. J. clin. Invest. 41, 162 (1962).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meidinger, F.: Action nerveuse du sulfate de phenyl-1-amino-2-propane. C. R. Soc. Biol. (Paris) 128, 748 (1938).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meier, R., and B. Schar: Weitere Untersuchungen über Bakterienchemotaxine. Experientia (Basel) 9, 93 (1953).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meier, R., and B. Schar: Spezifische Wirkung einiger tierischer und bakterieller Polysaccharide auf Leucocyten in vitro. Experientia (Basel) 10, 376 (1954).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meier, R., and B. Schar: Vorkommen leukocytotaktischer Polysaccharide in bakteriellem, pflanzlichem und tierischem Ausgangsmaterial. Hoppe-Seylers Z. physiol. Chem. 307, 103 (1957).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meier, R., and B. Schar: Ähnlichkeit und Unterschied leukocytenemigrationsfördernder Wirkung gram-positiver und gram-negativer Bakterien. Experientia (Basel) 14, 366 (1958).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meng, H. C., H. Cress and J. B. Youmans: Effects of intravenous administration of fat emulsion on formed blood elements and body temperature in dogs. Amer. J. Physiol. 187, 107 (1956).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Menkin, V.: Chemical basis of injury in inflammation. Arch. Path. (Chicago) 36, 269 (1943).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Menkin, V.: Chemical basis of fever. Science 100, 337 (1944).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Menkin, V.: The significance of biochemical units in inflammatory exudates. Science 101, 422 (1945a).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Menkin, V.: Chemical basis of fever with inflammation. Arch. Path. (Chicago) 39, 28 (1945b).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Menkin, V.: Chemical factors and their rôle in inflammation. Arch. Path. (Chicago) 41, 376 (1946).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Menkin, V.: Modern concepts of inflammation. Science 105, 538 (1947a).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Menkin, V.: Biochemistry of inflammation. Lancet 1947 Ib, 660.

    Google Scholar 

  • Menkin, V.: Newer concepts of inflammation. Springfield: Ill. Ch. C. Thomas 1950a.

    Google Scholar 

  • Menkin, V.: Dynamics of inflammation. New York: MacMillan Co. 1950b.

    Google Scholar 

  • Menkin, V.: Studies on the crystallization of pyrexin, the pyrogenic factor of inflammatory exsudates. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 89, 229 (1952).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Menkin, V.: Modern views on inflammation. Internat. Arch. Allergy 4, 131 (1953).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Menkin, V.: Pyrexin and its relation to a bacterial pyrogen. Fed. Proc. 13, 439 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  • Menkin, V.: Pyrexin, the pyrogenic factor of inflammatory exudates, and its relation to some bacterial pyrogens. J. Lab. clip. Med. 46, 423 (1955).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Menkin, V.: Biochemical mechanisms in inflammation. Springfield/Ill.: Ch. C. Thomas 1956a.

    Google Scholar 

  • Menkin, V.: Biochemische Gesichtspunkte der Entzündung. Medizinische 15, 557 (1956b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Menkin, V.: Biology of inflammation. Chemical mediators and cellular injury. Science 123, 527 (1956c).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Menkin, V.: Pyrexin and the pathogenesis of fever. Lancet 1958 II, 851.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Menkin, V.: Biochemical mechanisms in inflammation. Brit. med. J. 1960 I, 1521.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mergenhagen, S. E., G. R. Martin and E. Schiffmann: Studies on an endotoxin of a group C Neisseria meningitidis. J. Immunol. 90, 312 (1963).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Merler, E., A. Perrault, R. J. Trapani, M. Landy and M. J. Shear: Absence of endotoxic activity in materials derived without bacterial contamination from mammalian tissue. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 105, 443 (1960).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meyer, H. H.: Theorie des Fiebers und seiner Behandlung. Verh. dtsch. Kongr. inn. Med. 30, 15 (1913).

    Google Scholar 

  • Meyer, H. H.: Die Wärmeregulation im menschlichen Körper. Naturwissenschaften 8, 751 (1920).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meyer, H. H.: Zur Lehre der Wärmeregulation. Klin Wschr. 1935 II, 962.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meyer, H. H.: Pharmakologie des Wärmehaushaltes. In H. H. MEYER and R. GOTTLIEB, Die experimentelle Pharmakologie als Grundlage der Arzneibehandlung. Berlin and Wien: Urban & Schwarzenberg 1936.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meyer, L. F.: Experimentelle Untersuchungen zum alimentären Fieber. Dtsch. med. Wschr. 35, 196 (1909).

    Google Scholar 

  • Meyer, M. W., and H. M. Ballila: Failure to observe alteration of epinephrine activity after endotoxin. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 100, 288 (1959).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Michel, R: Thyroid. Ann. Rev. Physiol. 18, 457 (1956).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miles, A. A., and N. W. Pirie: The properties of antigenic preparations form Brucella Inelitensis. I. Chemical and physical properties of bacterial fractions. Brit. J. exp. Path. 20, 83 (1939a).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miles, A. A., and N. W. Pirie: III. The biological properties of the antigen and the products of gentle hydrolysis. Brit. J. exp. Path. 20, 278 (1939b).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Millberger, H., V. V. Brand, K. Gehrmann and L. Tauscher: Ein Modellversuch für das Studium des cyclischen Infektionsgeschehens und allergischer Erkrankungen. Zbl. Bakt., I. Abt. 154, 167 (1949).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, S. Q.: Numerical changes in circulating leucocytes in normal and chronically adrenalectomized cats after adminsitration of Pyromen. Amer. Physiol. Soc. Meetings New Orleans, Sept. 4–6, 1952.

    Google Scholar 

  • Molitor, H., M. E. Gundel, S. Kuna and W. H. Ott: Studies on pyrogens. II. Some factors influencing the evaluation of pyrogen tests. J. Amer. pharm. Ass., sci. Ed. 35, 356 (1946).

    Google Scholar 

  • Monakow, C. v.: Gehirnpathologie. In H. Nothnagels Spezielle Pathologie und Therapie, Bd. IX, S. 1. Wien 1905.

    Google Scholar 

  • Money, W. L., S. Kumaoka, R. W. Rawson and R. L. Kroc: Comparative effects of thyroxine analogues in experimental animals. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 86, 512 (1960).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Monto, Ho, and E. H. Kass: Protective effect of components of normal blood against the lethal action od endotoxin. J. Lab. clin. Med. 51, 297 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  • Moon, V. H., and G. A. Tershakovec: Dynamics of inflammation and repair. V. The phenomena of leucocytosis and fever. Arch. Path. (Chicago) 58, 285 (1954).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moore, L. M.: Experimental studies on the regulation of body temperature. I. Normal temperature variation and the temperature effects of operative procedures. Amer. J. Physiol. 46, 244 (1918a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Moore, L. M.: Experimental studies on the regulation of body temperature. II. Relation of the corpus striatum to the regulation of body temperature. Amer. J. Physiol. 46, 253 (1918b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Moore, L. M.: Experimental studies on the regulation of body temperature. III. The effect of increased intracranial pressure on body temperature. Amer. J. Physiol. 50, 102 (1919/20).

    Google Scholar 

  • Moraes, A., and H. Caster: Phosphogène, glutathion et hyperthermie par le dinitro-alphanaphtol sodique chez le pigeon. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 45, 113 (1933).

    Google Scholar 

  • Morgan, H. R.: Preparation of an antigenic material inducing leucopenia from Eberthella typhosa in a synthetic medium. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 43, 529 (1940).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morgan, H. R.: Immunologic properties of an antigenic material isolated from Eberthella typhosa. J. Immunol. 41, 161 (1941).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morgan, H. R.: Tolerance to the toxic action of somatic antigens of enteric bacteria. J. Immunol. 59, 129 (1948a).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morgan, H. R.: Resistance to the endotoxins of enteric bacilli in man. J. clin. Invest. 27, 706 (1948b).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morgan, H. R., and F. A. Neva: Tolerance to the toxic effects of somatic antigens of enteric bacilli in typhoid and paratyphoid fever convalescents. J. clin. Invest. 28, 800 (1949).

    Google Scholar 

  • Morgan, L. O: Cell-change in some of the hypothalamic nuclei in experimertal fever. J. Neurophysiol. 1, 281 (1938).

    Google Scholar 

  • Morgan, W. T. J.: Studies in immunochemistry. II. The isolation and properties of a specific antigenic substance from B. dysenteriae (Shiga). Biochem. J. 31, 2003 (1937).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morgan, W. T. J., and S. M. Partridge: IV. The fractionation and nature of antigenic material isolated from Bact. dysenteriae (Shiga). Biochem. J. 34, 169 (1940).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morgan, W. T. J., and S. M. Partridge: VI. The use of phenol and alkali in the degradation of antigenic material isolated from Bact. dysenteriae (Shiga). Biochem. J. 35, 1140 (1941).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morgan, W. T. J., and S. M. Partridge: An examination of the 0 antigenic complex of Bact. typhosum. Brit. J. exp. Path. 23, 151 (1942).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morita, S.: Untersuchungen über die zuckertreibende Wirkung adrenalinähnlicher (sympathomimetischer) Substanzen. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 78, 245 (1915).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morita, S., and M. Naito: The blood sugar content of the heat-punctured rabbit. Tôhoku J. exp. Med. 2, 562 (1922).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mosengeil, K. v.: Beobachtungen über örtliche Wärmeentwicklung bei Entzündungen. Langenbecks Arch. klin. Chir. 13, 70 (1872).

    Google Scholar 

  • Moses, J. M., and E. Atkins: Studies on tuberculin fever. II. Observation on the role of endogenous pyrogen in tolerance. J. exp. Med. 114, 939 (1961).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moses, J. M., R. H. Ebert, R. G. Graham and K. L. Brine: Pathogenesis of inflammation. I. The production of an inflammatory substance from rabbit granulocytes in vitro and its relationship to leucocyte pyrogen. J. exp. Med. 120, 57 (1964).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mosso, AND: Die Lehre vom Fieber in bezug auf die zentralen Wärmezentren. Studie über die Wirkung der Antipyretica. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 26, 316 (1890).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mueller, E. F.: Precision resistance thermometry in temperature, its measurement and control in science and industry. New York: Reinhold Publ. Corp. 1941.

    Google Scholar 

  • Muschel, L. H., and J. E. Jackson: A humoral antibody associated with endotoxin resistance. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 116, 182 (1964).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mutch, N., and M. S. Peibrey: The influence of tetrahydro-ß-naphthylamine upon the temperature and respiratory exchange. J. Physiol. (Loud.) 43, 109 (1911).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nacke, O.: Über die Verwendung von Mäusen zur Prüfung pyretischer and antipyretischer Substanzen. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 214, 147 (1952).

    Google Scholar 

  • Nagayama, T.: Experimentelle Studien über die Perspiratio insensibilis and den respiratorischen wechsel. IV. Mitt. Über den Einfluß der Antipyretica and Hypnotica auf die Perspiratio;nsens ilis and den respiratorischen Gaswechsel. Okayama Igakkai Zasshi 44, 2630 (1932). 1L I Ber. ges. Physiol. 72, 465 (1933).

    Google Scholar 

  • Naito, Y.: Studies on the pyrogenic effect of tubercular matters. II. Effect of somatic proteins on normal and tuberculous rabbits. Ann. Tuberc. (Tenri)

    Google Scholar 

  • Isenschmid, R.: Über die Wirkung der die Körpertemperatur beeinflussenden Gifte auf Tiere ohne Wärmeregulation. II. Tetrahydro-ß-Naphthylamin und Schweinerotlaufbazillen, mit Bemerkungen über Adrenalin, Kokain und Coffein. Als Beitrag zur Kenntnis des Stoffwechsels im Fieber. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 85, 271 (1920).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Isenschmid, R.: Über das Wesen und die Bedeutung des Fiebers. Schweiz. med. Wschr. 6, 1173 (1925).

    Google Scholar 

  • Isenschmid, R.: Physiologie der Wärmeregulation. In : Handbuch der normalen und pathologischen Physiologie, Bd. 17/III, S. 1. Berlin: Springer 1926.

    Google Scholar 

  • Isenschmid, R., E. Glanzmann, H. Berger and T. Gordonoff: Pharmakotherapie des Fiebers und der fieberhaften Affektionen. Bern and Stuttgart : Hans Huber 1954.

    Google Scholar 

  • Isenschmid, R., and W. Schnitzler : Beitrag zur Lokalisation des der Wärmeregulation vorstehenden Zentralapparates im Zwischenhirn. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 76, 202 (1914).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Isenschmid, R.: Unspezifische, humorale Abwehrmechanismen. Schweiz. med. Wschr. 88, 127 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  • Issekutz, B. v., M. Leinzinger and B. VON Issekutz jr.: Wirkungsort des Thyroxins. III. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 185, 675 (1937).

    Google Scholar 

  • Issekutz, B. v.: Die Rolle des Zentralnervensystems und der Schilddrüse bei der Wärmeregulation. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 238, 737 (1937).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ito, H.: Über den Ort der Wärmebildung nach Gehirnstich. Z. Biol. 38, 63 (1899).

    Google Scholar 

  • Jacobj, C.: Über die Beziehungen der Blutdrüsen zu den Lymphräumen, mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Hypophysis und der Gehirnventrikel als Teile des Wärmeregulationsapparates. Ther. Mh. 25, 291 (1911).

    Google Scholar 

  • Jacobj, C., and C. Römer: 4. Beitrag zur Erklärung der Wärmestichhyperthermie. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 70, 149 (1912).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobsen, E.: Die Temperaturwirkung einiger phenylsubstituierter aliphatischer Amine. Skand. Arch. Physiol. 81, 244 (1939).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jaeger, W., and R. Seraphin: Gefäßreaktionen nach intravenöser Injektion hochgereinigter bakterieller Pyrogene. Albrecht v. Graefes Arch. Ophthal. 158, 449 (1957).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jandl, J. H., and A. S. Tomlinson: The destruction of red cells by antibodies in man. II. Pyrogenic, leukocytic and dermal responses to immune hemolysis. J. clin. Invest. 37, 1202 (1958).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jelsma, F.: The antagonism between the carotid and vertebral criculation with rapport to the control of heat regulation centers. Amer. J. Physiol. 93, 661 (1930).

    Google Scholar 

  • Jenkin, C. R., and D. Rowley: The role of opsonins in the clearance of living and inert particles by cells of the reticuloendothelial system. J. exp. Med. 114, 363 (1961).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jenkin, C. R., and D. Rowley: Basis for immunity to typhoid in mice and the question of „cellular immunity“. Bact. Rev. 27, 391 (1963).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Joel, E., and A. Ettinger: Zur Pathologie der Gewöhnung. III. Experimentelle Studien über Morphingewöhnung. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 115, 334 (1926).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johanovsky, J.: Demonstration of endogenous pyrogen in serum during systemic tuberculin reaction in rabbits. Nature (Loud.) 183, 693 (1959a).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johanovsky, J.: The mechanism of the delayed type of hypersensitivity. I. The systemic tuberculin reaction and its passive transfer. Fol. microbiol. Acad. Sci. Bohemoslovenica 4, 101 (1959b).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johanovsky, J.: II. Demonstration of hypersensitivity on rabbits leucocytes by a staining test in vitro and its relation to the other manifestation of tuberculin hypersensitivity. Fol. microbiol. Acad. Sei. Bohemoslovenica 4, 160 (1959c).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johanovsky, J.: IV. The formation of pyrogenic substances during incubation of cells of hypersensitive rabbits with tuberculin in vitro. Fol. microbiol. Acad. Sci. Bohemoslovenica 4, 286 (1959d).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johanovsky, J.: Production of pyrogenic substances in the reaction of cells of hypersensitive guinea pigs with antigen in vitro Immunology 3, 179 (1960).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, R. B., G. Feldott and H. A. Lardy: The mode of action of the antibiotic, usnic acid. Arch. Biochem. 28, 317 (1950).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jona, J. L.: A contribution to the experimental study of fever. J. Hyg. (Loud.) 15, 169 (1915).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jonescu : Pharmakologische Untersuchungen über Tetrahydronaphthylamin. NaunynSchmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 60, 345 (1909).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jori, A., C. Carrara, S. Paglialunga and S. Garattini: Pharmacological studies on moda-line sulphate. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. (Lond.) 17, 703 (1965).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jori, A., and S. Garattini: Interaction between Imipramine-like agents and catecholamineinduced hyperthermia. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. (Loud.) 17, 480 (1965).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kahn, R. H.: Über die Erwärmung des Carotisblutes. Arch. Physiol. Suppl.-Bd. 1904, 81.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaiser, H. K., and W. B. Wood: Studies on the pathogenesis of fever. IX. The production of endogenous pyrogen by polymorphonuclear leucocytes. J. exp. Med. 115, 27 (1962a).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaiser, H. K., and W. B. WOOD: Studies on the pathogenesis of fever. X. The effect of certain enzyme inhibitors on the production and activity of leucocytic pyrogen. J. exp. Med. 115, 37 (1962b).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kanthack, A. A.: Acute leucocytosis produced by bacterial products. Brit. med. J. 1892 I, 1301.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kappas, A.: Fever producing steroids of endogenous origin in man. 7th Nat. Chem. Symp. Amer. Chem. Soc. Kingston 1960.

    Google Scholar 

  • P. B. Glickman and R. H. Palmer: Steroid fever studies: physiological differences between bacterial pyrogens and endogenous steroid pyrogens in man. Trans. Ass. Amer. Phycns 73, 176 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  • P. B. Glickman and R. H. Palmer, and B. Ratkovits: Physiologic differences between steroid and bacterial pyrogens. J. Lab. clin. Med. 54, 832 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  • L. Hellman, D. K. Fukushima and R. F. Gallagher: The pyrogenic effect of etiocholanolone (3a-hydroxyetiocholane-17-one). J. clin. Endocr. 16, 948 (1956).

    Google Scholar 

  • L. Hellman, D. K. Fukushima and R. F. Gallagher: The pyrogenic effect of etiocholanolone. J. clin. Endocr. 17, 451 (1957).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • L. Hellman, D. K. Fukushima and R. F. Gallagher: The thermogenic effect and metabolic fate of etiocholanolone in man. J. clin. En-docr. 18, 1043 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  • L. Hellman, and R. H. Palmer: Selected aspects of steroid pharmacology. Pharmacol. Rev. 15, 123 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  • L. Hellman, and R. H. Palmer, and P. B. Glickman: Steroid fever. Amer. J. Med. 31, 167 (1961).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • L. Hellman, and B. Ratkovits: Species specificity of steroid induced fever. J. clin. Endocr. 20, 898 (1960).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • L. Hellman, W. Sovbel, D. K. Fukusiiima and T. F. Gallagher: Studies on pyrogenic steroids in man. Trans Ass. Amer. Phycns 72, 54 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  • L. Hellman, W. Sovbel, P. Glickman and D. K. Fukushima: Fever-producing steroids of endogenous origin in man. Arch. intern. Med. 105, 701 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaufmann, M. M.: Influence exercée par la fièvre sur les actions chimiques intra-organiques et la thermogénèse. C. R. Soc. Biol. (Paris) 10, 773 (1896).

    Google Scholar 

  • Keene, W. R.: The pathogenesis of fever. Fevers produced by intrathecal injection of endotoxin. Bull. Johns Hopk. Hosp. 99, 103 (1956).

    Google Scholar 

  • Keene, W. R., M. Landy, M. J. Shear and K. A. Strelecky: Inactivation of endotoxin by a humoral component. VII. Enzymatic degradation of endotoxin by human plasma. J. clin. Invest. 40, 302 (1961).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Keene, W. R., H. R. Silberman, M. Landy and K. A. Strelecky: Observation on the pyrogenic response and its application to the bioassay of endotoxin. J. clin. Invest. 40, 295 (1961).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Keeton, R. W.: Vaccine fever in rabbits rendered poikilothermous by cervical cord transsection. Amer. J. Physiol. 71, 120 (1924/25).

    Google Scholar 

  • Keller, A. D., and W. K. Hare: Heat regulation in medullary and in midbrain preparations. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 29, 1067 (1932).

    Google Scholar 

  • Keller, A. D., and W. K. Hare: The hypothalamus and heat regulation. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 29, 1069 (1932).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ken, K., E. Araki and T. Maeda: Die autonome Innervation des willkürlichen Muskels und ihre Beziehung zur chemischen Wärmeregulation. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 225, 372 (1930).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kerby, G. P.: Release of enzyme from human leucocytes on damage by bacterial derivatives. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 81, 381 (1952).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kiessig, H.-J.: Untersuchungen über die Wirkungsweise der Sympathicomimetica. VII. liber die temperatursteigernde Wirkung einiger Sympathicomimetica. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 197, 384 (1940).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kiliani, M.: Pharmakologische Wertbestimmung der technischen Fiebermittel. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 21, 333 (1911).

    Google Scholar 

  • Killian, H.: Fieber. Munch. med. Wschr. 95, 262 (1953).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krrm, M. K.: The effects of various endogenous pyrogens on circulating granulocytes. J. Lab. clin. Med. 54, 833 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  • Krrm, M. K.: Pathogenesis of fever : effects of various endogenous pyrogens upon the level of circulating granulocytes in normal rabbits. J. exp. Med. 112, 809 (1960).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krrm, M. K., and W. B. Woon: Studies on the pathogenesis of fever. III. The leucocytic origin of endogenous pyrogen in acute inflammatory exudates. J. exp. Med. 107, 279 (1958a).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krrm, M. K., Production of fever in rabbits with extracts of tissue culture cells infected with Coxsackie virus. J. Lab. clin. Med. 59, 986 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  • Krrm, M. K., Pathogenesis of fever in rabbits following intravenous injection of Coxsackie virus. J. Lab. clin. Med. 63, 23 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  • Krrm, M. K., IV. The site of action of leucocytic and circulating endogenous pyrogen. J. exp. Med. 107, 291 (1958b).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krrm, M. K., V. The relation of circulating endogenous pyrogen to the fever in acute bacterial infections. J. exp. Med. 107, 305 (1958c).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krrcaanrmer, W F, A R Hess and R. G. Spears: Attempts of passive transfer of tuberculin type of sensitivity with living granulocytes. Amer. Rev. Tubero. 64, 516 (1951).

    Google Scholar 

  • Krrcaanrmer, W F, and R. S. Weiser: Tuberculin reaction. I. Passive transfer of tuberculin sensitivity with cells of tuberculous guinea pigs. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 66, 166 (1947).

    Google Scholar 

  • Krrcaanrmer, W F, and R. S. Weiser, and R. VAN Liew: III. Transfer of systemic tuberculin sensitivity with cells of tuberculous guinea pigs. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 70, 99 (1949).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kisskalt, K.: Über das Gießfieber und verwandte gewerbiiche Metalldampfinhalationskrankheiten. Z. Hyg. Infekt.-Kr. 71, 472 (1912).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klemperer, G.: Die Beziehungen verschiedener Bakteriengifte zur Immunisierung und Heilung. Z. klin Med. 20, 165 (1892).

    Google Scholar 

  • Klemperer, G. H. : The uncoupling of oxydative phosphorylation in rat liver mitochondria by thyroxine, trijodothyronine and related substances. Biochem. J. 60, 122 (1955).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klzssruxrs, N., and I. Dosi: Untersuchungen über die Wirkung des Megaphens und des Reserpins auf das Phenylisopropylaminfieber des Kaninchens. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 236, 113 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  • Knoll, K. H.: Vergleichende Pyrogenwirksamkeit von Bakterienpolysacchariden pathogener und apathogener Klebsiellastämme. Z. Immun -Forsch. 11.6, 2 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  • Knoppers, A. T., and J. TEN Cate: La glande thyroide, est-elle importante pour Faction hyperthermisante de la tetra-hydro-ß-naplthylamine ? Arch. néerl. Physiol. 27, 133 (1943a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Knoppers, A. T., and J. TEN Cate: Tetrahydro-ß-naphthylamine et les glandes endocrines. II. l’Hypophyse. Arch. néerl. Physiol. 27, 224 (1943b).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Knoppers, A. T., and J. TEN Cate: Tetrahydro-ß-naphthylamine et les glandes endocrines. III. Les glandes surrénales. Arch. néerl. Physiol. 27, 235 (1943c).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kobayashi, G. S.. and L. Friedman: False positive pyrogenic responses induced in rabbits by latex particles. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 116, 716 (1964).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kobayashi, M., N. Fujitake and H. Yamada: A note on the double-peak curve of body temperature induced by pyrogens. Jap. J. Pharmacol. 1, 44 (1951).

    Google Scholar 

  • Körner, H.: Beiträge zur Temperaturtopographie des Säugetierkörpers. Diss. Breslau 1871.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kondo, S.: Acta Sch. med. Univ. imp. Kioto 3, 169 (1919).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kopp, I.: Metabolic rates in therapeutic fever. Amer. J. med. Sci. 190, 491 (1935).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kosara, T.: The heat production in the liver. J. orient. Med. 12, 19 (1930).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kraus, F.: Vasomotoren und Fieber. Wien. klin. Wschr. 11, 229 (1894).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kreiil, L.: Versuche über die Erzeugung von Fieber bei Tieren. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 35, 22 (1895).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kreiil, L.: Wesen und Behandlung des Fiebers. Verh. dtseh. Kongr. inn. Med. 30, 26 (1913).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kreiil, L., and Kratzsch: Untersuchungen über die Orte der erhöhten Wärmeproduktion im Fieber. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 41, 184 (1898).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kreiil, L., and M. Mattes: Wie entsteht die Temperatursteigerung des fiebernden Organismus ? Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 38, 284 (1897).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krön, R.: Die intravenöse Schwefeltherapie. Schweiz. med. Wschr. 81, 963 (1951).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kroneberg, G., and G. H. Kuebjuweit: Die Beeinflussung von experimentellem Fieber durch Reserpin und Sympathicolytica am Kaninchen. Arzneimittel-Forsch. 9, 556 (1959).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kuv, E.: Effect of bacterial endotoxin on glycogen synthesis. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 68, 496 (1948).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuv, E., and L. G. Abood: Mechanism of inhibition of glycogen synthesis by endotoxins of Salmonella aertrycke and type I Meningococcus. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 71, 362 (1949).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuv, E., and C. P. Miller: Effect of bacterial endotoxins on carbohydrate metabolism of rabbits. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 67, 221 (1948).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kung, S., A. O. Edison and Cand BUTZ : A method for large scale testing of pyrogens. J. Amer. pharm. Ass., sci. Ed., 35, 59 (1946).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuuisut, M.: Pyrogens. Fol. pharmacol. jap. 49, 69 (1953). Ref. Chem. Abstr. 48, 6554 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kym, O.: Die Beeinflussung des durch verschiedene fiebererzeugende Stoffe erregten Temperaturzentrums durch lokale Applikation von Ca, K und Na. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak 176, 408 (1934).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lambert, G. F., J. P. Miller and D. V. Frost: Febrile response following intravenous administration of fat. Amer. J. Physiol. 164, 490 (1951).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Landy, M.: Increase in resistence following administration of bacterial lipopolysaccharides. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 66, 292 (1956).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Landy, M., and A. G. Jouuson: Studies on the 0 antigen of salmonella typhosa. IV. Endotoxic properties of the purified antigen. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 90, 57 (1955).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Landy, M., and L. Plllemer: Increased resistance to infection and accompanying alteration in properdin levels following administration of bacterial lipopolysaccharides. J. exp. Med. 104, 383 (1956a).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Landy, M., and M. J. Sh ear: Host responses elicited by polysaccharides of bacterial and mammalian derivation. Fed. Proc. 16, 857 (1957a).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Landy, M., and M. J. Shear: Similarity of host responses elicited by polysaccharides of animal and plant origin and by bacterial endotoxins. J. exp. Med. 106, 77 (1957b).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Landy, M., and M. J. Shear: Polysaccharides of mammalian derivation. Their biological activities, including interaction with properdin. Tran. 6th Congr. European Soc. Haematology, Copenhagen, 1957c.

    Google Scholar 

  • Landy, M., R. C. Siarnes, F. S. Rosen, R. J. Trapani and J. Shear: Inactivation of biologically active (“endotoxic”) polysaccharides by fresh human serum. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 96, 744 (1957).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Landy, M., R. J. Trapani and M. J. Shear: Inactivation of endotoxin by a humoral component. IV. Alteration in the immunological properties of typhoid endotoxin. Fed. Proc. 18, 579 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  • Langlois, J. P.: Fièvre. Richet’s Diet. Physiol. 6, 423 (1904).

    Google Scholar 

  • Laszlo, D., and M. Waghsteln: Beitrag zur Wärmeregulation im Fieber. Klin. Wschr. 13, 1568 (1934).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Laurexz1, A. F.: Apparecchio a registrazione automatica per il controllo dei pirogeni. Boll. chim -farm. 95, 540 (1956).

    Google Scholar 

  • Leblond, E. : Étude physiologique et thérapeutique de la caféine. Thèse de Paris 1883.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lechat, P., and D. Deleau: Corticosurrénales et fièvre provoquée par les pyrogènes bactériens. C. R. Soc. Biot (Paris) 155, 2276 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  • LEE, R. C.: The rectal temperature of the normal rabbit. Amer. J. Physiol. 125, 521 (1939).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lefèvre, J.: Chaleur animale et bioénergétique. Paris : Masson & Cie. 1911.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lehmann, K. B.: Studien über technisch und hygienisch wichtige Gase und Dämpfe. XIV. Das Gieß-oder Zinkfieber. Arch. Hyg. (Berl.) 72, 358 (1921).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lxminger, A. L.: The action of thyroxine on mitochondria and oxydative phosphorylation. Proc. Internat. Sympos. Enzyme Chem. Tokyo and Kyoto 1957, p. 297

    Google Scholar 

  • Lxminger, A. L.: Thyroxine and the swelling and contraction cycle in mitochondira. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 86, 484 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lxminger, A. L., and B. L. Ray: Oxydation-reduction state of rat liver mitochondria and the action of thyroxine. Biochim. biophys. Acta 26, 643 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  • Leonard, S. L.: Effect of hormones on muscle glycogenolysis in hypophysectomized animals. Amer. J. phys. Med. 34, 297 (1955).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leonard, S. L., and I. Ringler: Glycogenolytic effects of epinephrine in skeletal muscles of hypophysectomized rats treated with glycopexic hormones. Endocrinology 55, 212 (1954).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lequire, V. S.: Augmentation of the thermogenic effects of pyrogens by homologous plasma in rabbits. Naval Med. Res. Inst. Proj. NM 007047 Rep. No 6 (1949).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lequire, V. S.: The augmentation of the thermogenic effects of pyrogens by homologous plasma in rabbits (including the effect of heparin). J. infect. Dis. 88, 194 (1951).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lesciiiie, E.: Untersuchungen über anaphylaktisches Fieber. Verh. dtsch. Kongr. inn. Med. 30, 80 (1913).

    Google Scholar 

  • Leuthardt, F., and B. Exer: JYber den Einfluß des Methylenblaus auf die Atmung der Leber-mitochondrion. Rely. chim. Acta 36, 519 (1953).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levassort, CH.: Action de quelques agents pharmacodynamiques hyperthermisants et hypothermisants sur le métabolisme de base du lapin. J. Physiol. (Paris) 56, 693 (1964).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leyden, E., and A. Fräikel: Über den respiratorischen Gasaustausch im Fieber. Virchows Arch. path. Anat. 76, 136 (1879).

    Google Scholar 

  • Liebermeister, C.: Handbuch der Pathologie und Therapie des Fiebers. Leipzig 1875.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ling, C. Y.: The mechanism of reaction of nonspecific protein agents in the treatment of disease. I. The influence of various agents on temperature and leukocyte counts in normal persons and in rabbits. II. The influence of various agents on the mobilization of blood antibodies. III. The influence of various agents on the mobilization of blood enzymes in normal persons and in rabbits. Arch. intern. Med. 35, 598, 790 (1925).

    Google Scholar 

  • Löffler, W.: TJber Fieber. Schweiz. med. Wschr. 6, 1181 (1925).

    Google Scholar 

  • Loewi, O.: Pharmakologie des Wärmehaushaltes. Ergebn. Physiol. 3, 332 (1904).

    Google Scholar 

  • Loewi, O., and O. Weselko: Über den Einfluß der Thyreoidektomie auf die Wärmestichreaktion bei Kaninchen. Zbl. Physiol. 28, 197 (1914).

    Google Scholar 

  • Logan, R. E., and A. Lein: Time required for metabolic response to single injection of thyroxin. Fed. Proc. 10, 85 (1951).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lotti, V. J., P. Lomax and R. George: Temperature responses in the rat following intracerebral microinjection of morphine. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 150, 135 (1965).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lüderitz, O.: Fiebererzeugende Substanzen mit besonderer Berücksichtigung bakterieller Pyrogene. Schriftenreihe WANDER, Reizbeantwortung des Körpers. Bern: Wander 1959.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lüderitz, O., D. Hammer, F Goebel, K. Sievers AND O. Westphal: Die Inaktivierung der endotoxischen Wirksamkeit bakterieller Lipopolysaccharide im Serum, Plasma und Vollblut vom Pferd. Z. Naturforsch. 13 b, 565 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lüderitz, O., and O. Westphal: Die Bedeutung von Mutanten bei Enterobacteriaceen für die chemische Erforschung ihrer Zellwand-Polysaccharide. Angew. Chemie (1966) (im Druck).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lüdre, H.: Über Ursachen und Wirkungen der Fiebertemperatur. Ergebn. inn. Med. Kinderheilk. 4, 493 (1909).

    Google Scholar 

  • Maass, TH. A.: Stoffwechsel bei Hyperthermien, Fieber. In: Handbuch der Biochemie des Menschen und der Tiere, Erg.-Bd. 3, S. 248. Jena: G. Fischer 1936.

    Google Scholar 

  • MACLENNAN, A. P.: Specific lipopolysaccharides of Bordetella. Biochem. J. 74, 398 (1960).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mager, J., and E. Theodor: Inhibition of mitochondrial respiration and uncoupling of oxydative phosphorylation by fraction of shigella paradysenteriae type III somatic antigen. Arch. Biochem. 67, 169 (1957).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Magne, H., A. Mayer and L. Plantefol: Action pharmacodynamique des phénols nitrés. Un agent augmentant les oxydations cellulaires. Le dinitrophénol 1–2–4 (Thermol). Ann. Physiol. Physicochim. biol. 7, 269 (1931).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Magne, H., A. Mayer and L. Plantefol: Action pharmacodynamique des phénols nitrés. Un agent augmentant les oxydations cellulaires. Le dinitrophénol 1–2–4 (Thermol). Ann. Physiol. Physicochim. biol. 8, 1 (1932a).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Magne, H., A. Mayer and L. Plantefol: Ètudes sur l’action du dinitrophénol 1–2–4 (Thermol). II. Quelques retentissements de l’intoxication mortale par le dinitrophénol 1–2–4 sur les phénomènes généraux de la nutrition. Action sur les reserves de glucides. Ann Physiol. Physicochim. biol. 8, 51 (1932b).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Magne, H., A. Mayer and L. Plantefol: III. L’intoxication non mortelle et l’intoxication chronique par le dinitrophénol 1–2–4. Accoutumance au dinitrophénol. Ann Physiol. Physicochim. biol. 8, 70 (1932c).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Magne, H., A. Mayer and L. Plantefol: VIII. Action pharmacologique des differents phénols nitrés. Comparison de l’intoxication par le dinitrophénol 1–2–4 avec celles que provoquent les autres phénols nitrés. Ann. Physiol. Physicochim. biol. 8, 157 (1932d).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Magnus, R.: Allgemeines über Abführmittel. Anthrachinonderivate, Chrysarobin, Phenolphthalein. In: Handbuch der experimentellen Pharmakologie, Bd. II/2, S. 1592. Berlin: Springer 1924.

    Google Scholar 

  • Magoun, H. W., F. Harrison, J. R. Brodbeck and S. W. Ranson: Activation of heat loss mechanisms by local heating of the brain. J. Neurophysiol. 1, 101 (1938).

    Google Scholar 

  • Magyary-Kossa, J. v.: Über den Einfluß der Aloe und der Antrachinonderivate auf die Körpertemperatur. Arch. hit. Pharmacodyn. 20, 157 (1910)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maley, G. F., and H. A. Lardy: Metabolic effects of thyroid hormones in vitro. II. Influence of thyroxine and triiodothyronine on oxydative phosphorylation. J. biol. Chem. 204, 435 (1953).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mameli, E. and E. Filippi: Azione biotermica delle sostanze organiche. Ann. clin. appl. 16, 556 (1926).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mann, G. V., R. P. Geyer, D. M. Watrin and F. J. Stare: Parenteral nutrition. IX. Fat emulsions for intravenous nutrition in man. J. Lab. clin. Med. 34, 699 (1949).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mansfeld, G.: Über das Wesen der chemischen Wärmeregulation. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 171, 430 (1915).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mansfeld, G.: Die Wanderung des Thyroxins durch Nerven und ihre Bedeutung für die Katalyse der Zellatmung. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 193, 241 (1939).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mansfeld, G.: Die Hormone der Schilddrüse und ihre Wirkungen. Basel: Benno Schwabe & Co. 1943.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mansfeld, G., and E. Meszaros: Weitere Untersuchungen über humorale Übertragbarkeit der chemischen Wärmeregulation. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 196, 590 (1940a).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mansfeld, G., and E. Meszaros: Tuber das Nichtvorhandensein einer zentrenlosen Wärmeregulation. Naunyn-Schmicdeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 196, 609 (1940b).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mansfeld, G., F. v. Tyukody and I. Scheff-Pfeifer: Über den Angriffspunkt des Thyroxins. NaunynSchmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 181, 376 (1936).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mantegazza, P., and M. Riva: Anorexigenic activity of L (-) Dopa in animals pretreated with monoaminoxidase inhibitors. Med. exp. 4, 367–373 (1961).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maragliano, ED.: Das Verhalten der Blutgefäße im Fieber und bei Antipyrese. Z. klin. Med. 14, 309 (1888); 17, 291 (1890).

    Google Scholar 

  • Marcus, S., C. Anselmo and J. J. Perkins: Studies on bacterial pyrogenicity. I. Quantitative basis. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 99, 359 (1958).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marine, D., M. Deutch and A. Cira: Effect of ergotamine tartrate on the heat production of normal and thyroidectomized rabbits. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 24, 662 (1927).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martin, H., and W. Spielmann: Pyrogenes Material aus normalen Erythrocyten. Klin Wschr. 36, 491 (1958).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martini, E.: Increase of the cathepsin activity of the liver and of the skeletal muscle of rats treated either with 2,4-Dinitrophenol or with bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Experientia (Basel) 15, 182 (1959).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martini, P., and FR. Grosse - Brockhoff: Strophanthinwirkung im Fieber. Naunyn- Schmiede-berg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 180, 597 (1956).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martini, V.: Azione della contenzione e della narcosi sulla ipertermia sperimentale da vaccino e da sostanze chimiche. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 48, 366 (1934).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martini, V., and M. Orunesu: Azione della tetraidronaftilamina (T.I.N.A.) sul contenuto di glicogeno epatico e muscolare e sulla glicemia del ratto. Boll. Soc. ital. Biol. sper. 33, 1682 (1957).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martini, V., and M. Orunesu: Hepatic cyclophorase activity in rats treated with 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-ß-naphtylamine (THNA). Experientia (Basel) 15, 331 (1959a).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martini, V., and M. Orunesu: In vitro effects of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-ß-naphthylamine (THNA) on succinate oxidation by rat liver homogenates. Experientia (Basel) 15, 332 (1959b).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martius, C.: Die Stellung des Phyllochinons (Vitamin K1) in der Atmungskette. Biochem. Z. 326, 26 (1954).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martius, C.: Thyroxin und oxydative Phosphorylierung. 3 e Congr. int. Biochimie, Bruxelles 1955.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martius, C., and B. Huss: The mode of action of thyroxine. Arch. Biochem. 33, 486 (1951).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martius, C., and B. Huss: 1 ber den Wirkungsmechanismus des Schilddriisenhormons. Biochem. Z. 326, 191 (1955).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matakas, F.: Besteht ein Parallelismus zwischen Funktion und Stoffwechsel vegetativer Organe ? Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 162, 395 (1931).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Matsueda, A.: Experimentelle Untersuchungen über die biologischen Wirkungen des Histamins. VII. Mitt. Tuber die Vergleichungen der Histamin-und der Adrenalinwirkungen auf den Blutzucker und die Körpertemperatur. Okayama Igakkai Zasshi 44, 1016 (1932). Ref. Ber. ges. Physiol. 68, 790 (1932).

    Google Scholar 

  • May, R.: Der Stoffwechsel im Fieber. Biochem. Z. 30, 1 (1893).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mccabe, W. R.: Tolerance to bacterial endotoxin produced by proliferation of gram negative bacteria in the kidney. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 107, 402 (1961).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mccabe, W. R.: Endotoxin tolerance. II. Its occurence in patients with pyelonephritis. J. clin. Invest. 42. 618 (1963).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mccabe, W. R., and L. V. Anderson: Endotoxin tolerance. I. Its induction by experimental pyelonephritis. J. clin. Invest. 42, 610 (1963).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mcclosky, W. T., C. W. Price, W. V. Winkle Jr., H. Welch and H. O. Calvery: Results of first ANDS.P. collaborative study of pyrogens. J. Amer. pharm. Ass., sci. Ed. 32, 69 (1943).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • I vicdonald, R. K., V. K. Weise and R. E. Peterson: Effect of aspirin and reserpine on adrenocortical response to piromen in man. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 93, 343 (1956).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mechanic, R. C., E. Frei, M. Landy and W. W. Smith: Quantitative studies of human leucocytic and febrile response to single and repeated doses of purified bacterial endotoxin. J. clin. Invest. 41, 162 (1962).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meidinger, F.: Action nerveuse du sulfate de phenyl-1-amino-2-propane. C. R. Soc. Biol. (Paris) 128, 748 (1938).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meier, R., and B. Schar: Weitere Untersuchungen über Bakterienchemotaxine. Experientia (Basel) 9, 93 (1953).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meier, R., and B. Schar: Spezifische Wirkung einiger tierischer und bakterieller Polysaccharide auf Leucocyten in vitro. Experientia (Basel) 10, 376 (1954).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meier, R., and B. Schar: Vorkommen leukocytotaktischer Polysaccharide in bakteriellem, pflanzlichem und tierischem Ausgangsmaterial. Hoppe-Seylers Z. physiol. Chem. 307, 103 (1957).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meier, R., and B. Schar: Ähnlichkeit und Unterschied leukocytenemigrationsfördernder Wirkung gram-positiver und gram-negativer Bakterien. Experientia (Basel) 14, 366 (1958).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meng, H. C., H. Cress and J. B. Youmans: Effects of intravenous administration of fat emulsion on formed blood elements and body temperature in dogs. Amer. J. Physiol. 187, 107 (1956).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Menkin, V.: Chemical basis of injury in inflammation. Arch. Path. (Chicago) 36, 269 (1943).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Menkin, V.: Chemical basis of fever. Science 100, 337 (1944).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Menkin, V.: The significance of biochemical units in inflammatory exudates. Science 101, 422 (1945a).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Menkin, V.: Chemical basis of fever with inflammation. Arch. Path. (Chicago) 39, 28 (1945b).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Menkin, V.: Chemical factors and their rôle in inflammation. Arch. Path. (Chicago) 41, 376 (1946).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Menkin, V.: Modern concepts of inflammation. Science 105, 538 (1947a).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Menkin, V.: Biochemistry of inflammation. Lancet 1947 Ib, 660.

    Google Scholar 

  • Menkin, V.: Newer concepts of inflammation. Springfield: Ill. Ch. C. Thomas 1950a.

    Google Scholar 

  • Menkin, V.: Dynamics of inflammation. New York: MacMillan Co. 1950b.

    Google Scholar 

  • Menkin, V.: Studies on the crystallization of pyrexin, the pyrogenic factor of inflammatory exsudates. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 89, 229 (1952).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Menkin, V.: Modern views on inflammation. Internat. Arch. Allergy 4, 131 (1953).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Menkin, V.: Pyrexin and its relation to a bacterial pyrogen. Fed. Proc. 13, 439 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  • Menkin, V.: Pyrexin, the pyrogenic factor of inflammatory exudates, and its relation to some bacterial pyrogens. J. Lab. clip. Med. 46, 423 (1955).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Menkin, V.: Biochemical mechanisms in inflammation. Springfield/Ill.: Ch. C. Thomas 1956a.

    Google Scholar 

  • Menkin, V.: Biochemische Gesichtspunkte der Entzündung. Medizinische 15, 557 (1956b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Menkin, V.: Biology of inflammation. Chemical mediators and cellular injury. Science 123, 527 (1956c).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Menkin, V.: Pyrexin and the pathogenesis of fever. Lancet 1958 II, 851.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Menkin, V.: Biochemical mechanisms in inflammation. Brit. med. J. 1960 I, 1521.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mergenhagen, S. E., G. R. Martin and E. Schiffmann: Studies on an endotoxin of a group C Neisseria meningitidis. J. Immunol. 90, 312 (1963).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Merler, E., A. Perrault, R. J. Trapani, M. Landy and M. J. Shear: Absence of endotoxic activity in materials derived without bacterial contamination from mammalian tissue. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 105, 443 (1960).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meyer, H. H.: Theorie des Fiebers und seiner Behandlung. Verh. dtsch. Kongr. inn. Med. 30, 15 (1913).

    Google Scholar 

  • Meyer, H. H.: Die Wärmeregulation im menschlichen Körper. Naturwissenschaften 8, 751 (1920).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meyer, H. H.: Zur Lehre der Wärmeregulation. Klin Wschr. 1935 II, 962.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meyer, H. H.: Pharmakologie des Wärmehaushaltes. In H. H. MEYER and R. GOTTLIEB, Die experimentelle Pharmakologie als Grundlage der Arzneibehandlung. Berlin and Wien: Urban & Schwarzenberg 1936.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meyer, L. F.: Experimentelle Untersuchungen zum alimentären Fieber. Dtsch. med. Wschr. 35, 196 (1909).

    Google Scholar 

  • Meyer, M. W., and H. M. Ballila: Failure to observe alteration of epinephrine activity after endotoxin. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 100, 288 (1959).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Michel, R: Thyroid. Ann. Rev. Physiol. 18, 457 (1956).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miles, A. A., and N. W. Pirie: The properties of antigenic preparations form Brucella Inelitensis. I. Chemical and physical properties of bacterial fractions. Brit. J. exp. Path. 20, 83 (1939a).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miles, A. A., and N. W. Pirie: III. The biological properties of the antigen and the products of gentle hydrolysis. Brit. J. exp. Path. 20, 278 (1939b).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Millberger, H., V. V. Brand, K. Gehrmann and L. Tauscher: Ein Modellversuch für das Studium des cyclischen Infektionsgeschehens und allergischer Erkrankungen. Zbl. Bakt., I. Abt. 154, 167 (1949).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, S. Q.: Numerical changes in circulating leucocytes in normal and chronically adrenalectomized cats after adminsitration of Pyromen. Amer. Physiol. Soc. Meetings New Orleans, Sept. 4–6, 1952.

    Google Scholar 

  • Molitor, H., M. E. Gundel, S. Kuna and W. H. Ott: Studies on pyrogens. II. Some factors influencing the evaluation of pyrogen tests. J. Amer. pharm. Ass., sci. Ed. 35, 356 (1946).

    Google Scholar 

  • Monakow, C. v.: Gehirnpathologie. In H. NOTHNAGELS Spezielle Pathologie und Therapie, Bd. IX, S. 1. Wien 1905.

    Google Scholar 

  • Money, W. L., S. Kumaoka, R. W. Rawson and R. L. Kroc: Comparative effects of thyroxine analogues in experimental animals. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 86, 512 (1960).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Monto, Ho, and E. H. Kass: Protective effect of components of normal blood against the lethal action od endotoxin. J. Lab. clin. Med. 51, 297 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  • Moon, V. H., and G. A. Tershakovec: Dynamics of inflammation and repair. V. The phenomena of leucocytosis and fever. Arch. Path. (Chicago) 58, 285 (1954).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moore, L. M.: Experimental studies on the regulation of body temperature. I. Normal temperature variation and the temperature effects of operative procedures. Amer. J. Physiol. 46, 244 (1918a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Moore, L. M.: Experimental studies on the regulation of body temperature. II. Relation of the corpus striatum to the regulation of body temperature. Amer. J. Physiol. 46, 253 (1918b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Moore, L. M.: Experimental studies on the regulation of body temperature. III. The effect of increased intracranial pressure on body temperature. Amer. J. Physiol. 50, 102 (1919/20).

    Google Scholar 

  • Moraes, A., and H. Caster: Phosphogène, glutathion et hyperthermie par le dinitro-alphanaphtol sodique chez le pigeon. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 45, 113 (1933).

    Google Scholar 

  • Morgan, H. R.: Preparation of an antigenic material inducing leucopenia from Eberthella typhosa in a synthetic medium. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 43, 529 (1940).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morgan, H. R.: Immunologic properties of an antigenic material isolated from Eberthella typhosa. J. Immunol. 41, 161 (1941).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morgan, H. R.: Tolerance to the toxic action of somatic antigens of enteric bacteria. J. Immunol. 59, 129 (1948a).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morgan, H. R.: Resistance to the endotoxins of enteric bacilli in man. J. clin. Invest. 27, 706 (1948b).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morgan, H. R., and F. A. Neva: Tolerance to the toxic effects of somatic antigens of enteric bacilli in typhoid and paratyphoid fever convalescents. J. clin. Invest. 28, 800 (1949).

    Google Scholar 

  • Morgan, L. O: Cell-change in some of the hypothalamic nuclei in experimertal fever. J. Neurophysiol. 1, 281 (1938).

    Google Scholar 

  • Morgan, W. T. J.: Studies in immunochemistry. II. The isolation and properties of a specific antigenic substance from B. dysenteriae (Shiga). Biochem. J. 31, 2003 (1937).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morgan, W. T. J., and S. M. Partridge: IV. The fractionation and nature of antigenic material isolated from Bact. dysenteriae (Shiga). Biochem. J. 34, 169 (1940).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morgan, W. T. J., and S. M. Partridge: VI. The use of phenol and alkali in the degradation of antigenic material isolated from Bact. dysenteriae (Shiga). Biochem. J. 35, 1140 (1941).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morgan, W. T. J., and S. M. Partridge: An examination of the 0 antigenic complex of Bact. typhosum. Brit. J. exp. Path. 23, 151 (1942).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morita, S.: Untersuchungen über die zuckertreibende Wirkung adrenalinähnlicher (sympathomimetischer) Substanzen. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 78, 245 (1915).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morita, S., and M. Naito: The blood sugar content of the heat-punctured rabbit. Tôhoku J. exp. Med. 2, 562 (1922).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mosengeil, K. v.: Beobachtungen über örtliche Wärmeentwicklung bei Entzündungen. Langenbecks Arch. klin. Chir. 13, 70 (1872).

    Google Scholar 

  • Moses, J. M., and E. Atkins: Studies on tuberculin fever. II. Observation on the role of endogenous pyrogen in tolerance. J. exp. Med. 114, 939 (1961).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moses, J. M., R. H. Ebert, R. G. Graham and K. L. Brine: Pathogenesis of inflammation. I. The production of an inflammatory substance from rabbit granulocytes in vitro and its relationship to leucocyte pyrogen. J. exp. Med. 120, 57 (1964).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mosso, AND: Die Lehre vom Fieber in bezug auf die zentralen Wärmezentren. Studie über die Wirkung der Antipyretica. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 26, 316 (1890).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mueller, E. F.: Precision resistance thermometry in temperature, its measurement and control in science and industry. New York: Reinhold Publ. Corp. 1941.

    Google Scholar 

  • Muschel, L. H., and J. E. Jackson: A humoral antibody associated with endotoxin resistance. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 116, 182 (1964).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mutch, N., and M. S. Peibrey: The influence of tetrahydro-ß-naphthylamine upon the temperature and respiratory exchange. J. Physiol. (Loud.) 43, 109 (1911).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nacke, O.: Über die Verwendung von Mäusen zur Prüfung pyretischer and antipyretischer Substanzen. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 214, 147 (1952).

    Google Scholar 

  • Nagayama, T.: Experimentelle Studien über die Perspiratio insensibilis and den respiratorischen wechsel. IV. Mitt. Über den Einfluß der Antipyretica and Hypnotica auf die Perspiratio;nsens ilis and den respiratorischen Gaswechsel. Okayama Igakkai Zasshi 44, 2630 (1932). 1L I Ber. ges. Physiol. 72, 465 (1933).

    Google Scholar 

  • Naito, Y.: Studies on the pyrogenic effect of tubercular matters. II. Effect of somatic proteins on normal and tuberculous rabbits. Ann. Tuberc. (Tenri) 8, 29 (1957).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Najarian, J. S., and J. D. Feldman: Passive transfer of tuberculin sensitivity by tritiated thymidine-labelled lymphoid cells. J. exp. Med. 114, 779 (1961).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Narusawa, J.: Study of the 2,4-dinitrophenol fever. I. Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi 52, 820 (1956a). Ref. Chem. Abstr. 52, 1469 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  • Narusawa, J.: Study on the 2,4-dinitrophenol fever. II. Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi 52, 828 (1956b). Ref. Chem. Abstr. 52, 1469 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  • Narusawa, J.: Study on the 2,4-dinitrophenol fever. III. Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi 52, 843 (1956 e). Ref. Chem. Abstr. 52, 1469 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  • Naunyn, B.: Arch. Anat. Physiol. and wiss. Med. 1870, 159.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nebeltau, E.: Kolorimetrische Untersuchungen an hungernden Kaninchen in fieberfreiem und fieberhaftem Zustande. Z. Biol. 31, 293 (1895).

    Google Scholar 

  • Negotin, J.: Mschr. prakt. Tierheilk. 6, 206 (1895). Zit. nach E. POULSSON, Handbuch der experimentellen Pharmakologie, Bd. II/1. Berlin: Springer 1920.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nelson, CH. M.: The cause of chills, following i. v. therapy. J. Amer. med. Ass. 112, 1303 (1939).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nesset, N. M., J. Mclallen, P. Z. Anthony and L. G. Ginger: Bacterial pyrogens. I. Pyrogenic preparation from a pseudomonas species. J. Amer. pharm. Ass., sci. Ed. 39, 456 (1950).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Neter, E., O. Westphal, O. Luderitz, E. A. Gorzinsky and E. Eichenberger: Studies of enterobacterial lipopolysaccharides. Effect of heat and chemicals on erythrocyte-modifying antigenic, toxic and pyrogenic properties. J. Immunol. 76, 377 (1956).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Neubold, K., M. Taeschler and A. Cerletti: Beitrag zur zentralen Wirkung von LSD: Versuche über die Lokalisation von LSD-Effekten. Rely. physiol. pharmacol. Acta 15, 1 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  • Neva, F. A., and H. R. Morgan: Tolerance to the action of endotoxin of enteric bacilli in patients convalescent from typhoid and paratyphoid fever. J. Lab. clin. Med. 35, 911 (1950).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nichols, J.: Effect of dialized concentrated human urine on renal function in the human being. J. Lab. clin. Med. 42, 685 (1953).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nielsen, M.: Untersuchungen über die Wärmeregulierung bei körperlicher Arbeit. Skand. Arch. Physiol. 77, 63 (1937).

    Google Scholar 

  • Nielsen, M.: Die Regulation der Körpertemperatur bei Muskelarbeit. Skand. Arch. Physiol. 79, 193 (1938).

    Google Scholar 

  • Nikolaides, R., and S. Dontas: Über die Erregbarkeit des Wärmezentrums. Zbl. Physiol. 25, 192 (1911).

    Google Scholar 

  • Nobel, E.: Zur Kenntnis des temperatursteigernden Giftes des Bacterium coli commune. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 68, 371 (1912).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Novotny, I., and V. Kubista: The effect of uncoupling agents on metabolism of insect muscle. Experientia (Basel) 16, 457 (1960).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nukada, S., and S. Otsuxi: Experimentelle Untersuchungen über die Einflüsse einer minimalen Menge von Heterobakterien auf das Fieber durch Colibazillen. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 179, 164 (1935).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nussbaumer, J. : Die normale Körpertemperatur des Pferdes unter Berücksichtigung verschiedener Einflüsse. Schweiz. Arch. Tierheilk. 93, 22 (1951).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oettingen, W. F. v.: Die Atropingruppe. In: Handbuch der experimentellen Pharmakologie, Erg.-Werk Bd. III, S. 1. Berlin: Springer 1937.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ogasawara, T.: Pyrogens VI. Folia pharmacol. jap. 49, 204 (1953). Ref. Chem. Abstr. 48, 6554 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ogata, T.: Action thérapeutique des filtrats de cultures bactériennes et leurs applications clinique. Sem. Hôp. Paris 30, 1 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  • Olitzki, L., and S. Avinery: The hypothermic factor of B. dysenteriae Shiga. Brit. J. exp. Path. 18, 316 (1937).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Orskor, F., I. Orskor, B. Jann and K. Jann: Acidic polysaccharide antigens of a new type from E. coli capsules. Nature (Lond.) 200, 144 (1963).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ott, I.: The relation of the nervous system to the temperature of the body. J. nerv. ment. Dis. 11, 141 (1884).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ott, I.: The thermo-polypneic centre and thermotaxis. J. nerv. ment. Dis. 16, 238 (1889).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ott, I.: The function of the tuber cinereum. J. nerv. ment. Dis. 18, 431 (1891a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ott, I.: The inter-brain: its relation to thermotaxis, polypnoea, vasodilatation and convulsive action. J. nerv. ment Dis. 18, 433 (1891b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ott, I., and CH. Collmar: Pyrexial agents: Albumose, Peptone and Neurins. J. Physiol. (Lend.) 8, 218 (1887).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ott, I., and J. C. Scott: Fever: its metabolic changes. J. exp. Med. 9, 671 (1907).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ott, W. H.: A quantitative assay method for pyrogens. J. Amer. pharm. Ass., sci. Ed. 38, 179 (1949).

    Google Scholar 

  • Packer, L., J. H. Rust and S. J. An, : Action of plague murine toxin on mammalian mitochondrial respiration. J. Bact. 78, 658 (1959).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Palmer, C. H. R., and T. D. Whittet: The stability of solutions of the international pyrogen reference preparation. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 13, 62 T (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  • Palmer, J. G., and J. C. Herion: Relation of leucocyte changes and fever following injection of typhoid vaccine in non-tolerant and tolerant dogs. Amer. J. Med. 27, 319 (1959).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Palmer, J. W., and I. D. Gerlöugh: A simple method for preparing antigenic substances from the typhoid bacillus. Science 92, 155 (1940).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Palmer, R. H.: Inflammatory effects of pyrogenic steroids in animals. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 119, 108 (1965).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Palmer, R. H., P. B. Glickman and A. Kappas : Bile acid fever and inflammation in man. J. clin. Invest. 40, 1069 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  • Palmer, R. H., P. B. Glickman and A. Kappas : Pyrogenic and inflammatory properties of certain bile acids in man. J. clin. Invest. 41, 1573 (1962).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Palmer, R. H., B. Ratkovits and A. KAPPAS: Steroid pyrogen studies in laboratory and domestic animals. J. appl. Physiol. 16, 345 (1961).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Panum, P. L. P.: Bidrag til lären ons den saalkaldte putride eller septiske infektion. Bibl. Laeger 1856, 253.

    Google Scholar 

  • Panum, P. L. P.: Experimentelle Beiträge zur Lehre von der Embolie. II. Untersuchungen über die durch Embolie der Lungenarterie hervorgebrachten anatomischen Veränderungen der Lungen. Virchows Arch. path. Anat. 25, 433 (1862).

    Google Scholar 

  • Park, J. H., H. P. Meriwether and C. R. Park: The uncoupling of oxydative phosphorylation by thyroxine and trijodothyroxine in ultrasonic extracts of liver mitochondria. Biochim. biophys. Acta 28, 662 (1958).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parker, V. H.: In vitro inhibition of oxydative phosphorylation of rat liver mitochondria by 2,4-dinitrophenol. Nature (Lond.) 178, 261 (1956).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Paton, N., J. C. Dunlop and I. Macadam: On the modifications of the metabolism produced by the administration of diphtheria toxin. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 24, 231 (1899).

    Google Scholar 

  • Paulssen, F.: Über die Ursachen der fieberhaften Temperatursteigerung. Diss. Jena 1895.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pautrizel, R., and J. Tribouley: Variations de la température central du lapin au cours du choc anaphylactique. C. R. Soc. Biol. (Paris) 152, 350 (1958).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peiss, C. N., J. Field and V. E. Hall: Cholinesterase activity in normal and febrile rabbit brain. Amer. J. Physiol. 155, 56 (1948).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peiss, C. N., J. Field and V. E. Hall, and M. Goldsmith: Comparison of respiration and glycolysis in the brains of normal and febrile rabbits. Amer. J. Physiol. 157, 283 (1949).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pembrey, M. S.: Remarks upon temperature. Brit. med. J. 1904 I, 475.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pennefather, J. N., and R. H. Thorp: Some pharmacological actions of a derivative of ß-tetrahydronaphthylamine (N-methyl-N-propyl-ß-tetrahydronaphthylamine). Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 121, 355 (1959).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Penner, A., and A. I. Bernheim: Studies in the pathogenesis of experimental dysentery intoxication. J. exp. Med. 111, 145 (1960).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Perry, W. L. M.: Standards of pyrogenic activity. J. Pharm. (Loud.) 6, 332 (1954).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peter, I.: Beiträge zum pathologischen Wesen und zur Therapie des transitorischen Fiebers bei Neugeborenen. Jb. Kinderheilk. 80, 612 (1914).

    Google Scholar 

  • Petersdorf, R. G., and I. L. Bennet: Studies on the pathogenesis of fever. VI. The effect of heat on endogenous pyrogen in the serum of dogs. Bull. Johns Hopk. Hosp. 100, 197 (1957a).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Petersdorf, R. G., and I. L. Bennet: VII. Comparative observation on the production of fever by inflammatory exudates in rabbits and dogs. Bull. Johns Hopk. Hosp. 100, 277 (1957b).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Petersdorf, R. G., and I. L. Bennet: VIII. Fever producing substance in the serum of dogs. J. exp. Med. 106, 293 (1957c).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Petersdorf, R. G., and I. L. Bennet: Experimental approach to the mechanism of fever. Arch. intern. Med. 103, 991 (1959).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Petersdorf, R. G., W. R. Keene and I. L. Bennet: IX. Characteristics of endogenous serum pyrogen and mechanisms governing its release. J. exp. Med. 106, 787 (1957d).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Petersdorf, R. G., J. L. Ribble and J. A. Shulman: Absorption of endogenous pyrogens by Dentonite. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 106, 234 (1961).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Petersen, W. F.: Non-specific reactions. J. Amer. med. Ass. 75, 312 (1921).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Petersen, W. F.: Protein-Therapie und unspezifische Leistungssteigerung. Berlin: Springer 1923.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Pfeiffer, H.: Über das verschiedene Verhalten der Körpertemperatur nach Injektion und nach Reinjektion von artfremdem Serum. Wien. klin. Wschr. 22, 14 (1909).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pfeiffer, R.: Untersuchungen über das Choleragift. Z. Hyg. Infekt.-Kr. 11, 393 (1892).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pfleger, K., W. Rummel, E. Seifen: Timm Der Einfluß von Thyroxin und Dinitrophenol auf die Lactatkonzentration des Blutes. Med. exp. 1, 160 (1959).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pflüger, E.: Über die physiologische Verbrennung in den lebendigen Organismen. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 10, 251 (1875).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pflüger, E.: Ber Wärmeregulation der Säugetiere. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 12, 333 (1876).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pflüger, E.: Über Wärme und Oxydation der lebendigen Materie. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 18, 247 (1878).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pichotka, J.: Die Stoffwechselgröße von Pflanzengewebe in Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 232, 360 (1957).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pichotka, J.: Die Temperaturabhängigkeit des Stoffwechsels von Geweben neugeborener Nager. 27. Tagg Dtsch. Physiol. Ges. Zürich 1961.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pickering, G.: Regulation of body temperature in health and disease. Lancet 1958 I, 1.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pilotier, J.: J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 3, 267 (1912).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pillon, M. L.: Sur la fièvre traumatique aseptique. C. R. Soc. Biol. (Paris) 10, 264 (1896a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pillon, M. L.: Les globules blances sécréteurs de substances thermogènes. C. R. Soc. Biol. (Paris) 10, 294 (1896b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pillon, M. L.: Les globules blancs sécréteurs de substances thermogènes. C. R. Soc. Biol. (Paris) 10, 373 (1896c).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pinstoe, J. O.: Peripheral circulation during experimental fever. Amer. J. Physiol. 110, 448 (1934).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pinstoe, J. O.: Experimental fever in sympathectomized animals. Amer. J. Physiol. 111, 539 (1935).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pirquet, C. E.: Allergy. Arch. intern. Med. 7, 383 (1911).

    Google Scholar 

  • Plantefol, L.: L’action du dinitrophénol 1,2,4 sur la respiration de levures. C. R. Soc. Biol. (Paris) 113, 147 (1932a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Plantefol, L.: Études sur l’action du dinitrophénol 1–2–4 (Thermol). VII. Action du dinitrophénol 1–2–4 sur la respiration de cellules et tissues végétaux. Ann. Physiol. Physicochim. biol. 8, 127 (1932b).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pletscher, A.: Significance of monoamine oxydase inhibitor for the pharmacological and clinical effects of hydrazine derivatives. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 80, 1039 (1959).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pletscher, A., Besendorf, H., P. Bächtold and K. F. Gey: Über pharmakologische Beeinflussung des Zentralnervensystems durch kurzwirksade Monoaminoxydasehemmer aus der Gruppe der Harmala-Alkaloide. Hely. physiol. pharmacol. Acta 17, 202 (1959).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Popoff, N. F.: Die vegetativen Funktionen des Hundes nach weitgehender Ausschaltung der inflüsse des Zentralnervensystems. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 234, 137 (1934).

    Google Scholar 

  • Poulsson, E.: Die Cocaingruppe. In; Handbuch der experimentellen Pharmakologie, Bd. 2/1, S. 103. Berlin: Springer 1920.

    Google Scholar 

  • Precht, H.: In H. Precht, J. Christophersen and H. Hensel, Temperatur und Leben, S. 26. Berlin- Göttingen-Heidelberg : Springer 1955.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prince, A. L., and L. J. Hahn: The effect on body temperature induced by thermal stimulation of the heat center in the brain of the cat. Amer. J. Physiol. 46, 412 (1918).

    Google Scholar 

  • Probey, TH. F., and M. Pittman : The pyrogenicity of bacterial contaminants found in biologic products. J. Bact. 50, 397 (1945).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prouty, L. R., and J. D. Hardy : Temperature determinations. In: Biophysical research methods. New York: Interscience 1950.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raab, W. : Verhalten des Blutfettes bei Fieber und Unterktihlung. Wien. Arch. inn. Med. 18, 387 (1929).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rafter, G. W., R. D. Collins and W. B. Wood: Studies on the pathogenesis of fever. VII. Preliminary chemical characterization of leucocytic pyrogen. J. exp. Med. 111, 831 (1960).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Raistrick, H., and W. W. C. Topley: Immunizing fractions isolated from bact. aertrycke. Brit. J. exp. Path. 15, 113 (1934).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rall, D. P., J. R. Gaskins and H. G. Kelly : Reduction of febrile response to bacterial polysaccharide following incubation with serum. Amer. J. Physiol. 188, 559 (1957).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ramey, E. R., H. Bernstein and M. S. Goldstein : Effect of sympatetic blocking agents on increased oxygen consumption following administration of thyroxin. Fed. Proc. 14, 118 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  • Randall, W. C., R. D. Mccook and C. N. Peiss: Hypothalamic regulation of body temperature. 22. Int. Congr. Physiol. Sci., Leyden 1962, vol. II, abstr. 488.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ranson Jr., S. W.: Fever induced by the intravenous injection of typhoid-paratyphoid vaccine. Arch. intern. Med. 61, 285 (1938).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ranson Jr., S. W.: Regulation of body temperatur; in The Hypothalamus. Res. Publ. Ass. nerv. ment. Dis. 20, 342 (1940).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ranson Jr., S. W., G. Clark and H. W. Macoun: The effect of hypothalamic lesions on fever induced by intravenous injection of typhoid-paratyphoid vaccine. J. Lab. clin. Med. 25, 160 (1939).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ranson Jr., S. W., C. Fisher and W. R. Inrgam: Hypothalamic regulation of temperature in the monkey. Arch. Neurol. Psychiat. (Chicago) 38, 445 (1937).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ranson, S. W., and W. R. Ingram: Hypothalamus and regulation of body temperature. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 32, 1439 (1935).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ranson, S. W., and H. W. Maooun: The hypothalamus. Ergebn. Physiol. 41, 56 (1939).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rakova1, H., and J. Vanecek: Pharmacology of bacterial toxins Pharmacol. Rev. 16, 1 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  • Reedy, R. J., E. J. Oswald and J. K. Nielsen: A potent pyrogenic extract derived from a strain of Aerobacter aerogenes. J. Amer. pharm. Ass., sei. Ed. 46, 685 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  • Recniers, P.: Influence de la tétrahydronaphtylamine sur la température et les échanges respiratoires. Action antagoniste de la chloralose et de l’antipyrine. Arch. in Pharmacodyn. 35, 70 (1928).

    Google Scholar 

  • Reichlin, S.: Thyroid function, body temperature regulation and growth in rats with hypothalamic lesions. Endocrinology 66, 340 (1960).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ribi, E., R. L. Anacker, K. Fugusri, W. T. Haskins, M. Landy and K. C. Milner: Relationship of chemical composition to biological activities. In: Bacterial endotoxins, p. 16. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ribi, E., W. T. Hasiins, M. Landy and K. C. Milner: Preparation and host-reactive properties of endotoxin with low content of nitrogen and lipid. J. exp. Med. 114, 647 (1961).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ribi, E., W. T. Hasiins, M. Landy and K. C. Milner: Symposium on bacterial endotoxines. I. Relationship of chemical composition to biological activity. Bact. Rev. 25, 427 (1961).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ribi, E., K. C. Milner and TH. D. Pebrine: Endotoxic and antigenic fractions from the cell wall of Salmonella enteritidis. Methods for separation and some biological activities. J. Immunol 82, 75 (1959).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Richet, CH.: De l’influence des lésions du cerveau sur la température. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 98, 827 (1884).

    Google Scholar 

  • Richet, CH.: Influence du système nerveux sur la calorification. C. R. Soc. Biol. (Paris) 37, 1021 (1885a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Richet, CH.: Die Beziehungen des Gehirns zur Körperwärme und zum Fieber. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 37, 624 (1885b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Richet, CH.: Chaleur. In CH. RICHET, Diet. de Physiologie 3, 81 (1898).

    Google Scholar 

  • Richet, CH.: L’Anaphylaxie. Paris: Alcan 1911.

    Google Scholar 

  • Richter, P. F.: Experimentaluntersuehangen über Antipyrese und Pyrese, nervöse und künstliche Hyperthermie. Virchows Arch. path. Anat. 123, 118 (1891).

    Google Scholar 

  • Riechert, W., and W. Maas: Untersuchungen über Permeabilitätsförderung durch den Sympathicus. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 225, 505 (1955).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Besser, O.: Über Tonus und Kreatingehalt der Muskeln in ihren Beziehungen zu Wärmeregulation und zentral-sympathischer Erregung. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 80, 183 (1917).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rigler, R., and E. Silberstern: Zur Physiologie der Wärmeregulierung : Der Einfluß sympathicushemmender Mittel auf die Körpertemperatur. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 121, 1 (1927).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ritts, R. E., and C. B. Favour: In vivo uptake of isotope-tagged tuberculin by leukocytes. J. Immunol 75, 209 (1955).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ritzmann, ST. E.: Vergiftungen mit Dinitrophenol und Ortho-Dinitrokresol. Arzneimittel-Forsch. 8, 381 (1958).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roberson, B. S., and J. H. Schwab: Endotoxic properties associated with cell walls of group A staphylococci. J. infect. Dis. 108, 25 (1961).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roberts, K. E., G. Firmat, J. Prunier, M. K. Schwartz and R. W. Rawson: Effect of phosphate in enhancing the action of triiodothyronine. Endocrinology 59, 565 (1956).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roberts, R. S.: The endotoxin of bacterium coli. J. comp. Path. 59, 284 (1952).

    Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, E. S., and B. A. Flusser: Studies on pyrogens. I. The isolation of pyrogens from various microorganisms. J. biol. Chem. 153, 529 (1944).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roche, J., and R. Michel: Nature, biosynthesis and metabolism of thyroid hormones. Physiol. Rev. 35, 585 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  • Roche, J., and R. Michel: On the peripheral metabolism of thyroid hormones. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sei. 86, 454 (1960).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rodney, G., and H. B. Devlin: Chemical composition of some bacterial pyrogens. Fed. Proc. 9, 220 (1950).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rodney, G., and M. Welcke: Studies on bacterial pyrogen. J. Bact. 50, 129 (1945).

    Google Scholar 

  • Roeser, W. F.: Thermoelectric thermometry; in Temperature its measurement and control in science and industry. New York: Reinhold Publ. Corp. 1941.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rogers, F. T.: Studies on the brain stam. IX. Amer. J. Physiol. 68, 507 (1924).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rolly, F.: Experimentelle Untersuchungen über Wärmestichhyperthermie und Fieber mit besonderer Berücksichtigung des Glykogenstoffwechsels. Dtsch. Arch. klin. Med. 78, 250 (1903).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosen, F. S., R. C. Skarnes, M. Landy and M. J. Shear: Inactivation of endotoxin by a humoral component. III. Rôle of. divalent Cation and a dialyzable component. J. exp. Med. 108, 701 (1958).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenberg, J. C., R. C. Lillehei, W. H. Moran and B. Zimmermann: Effect of endotoxin on plasma catechol amines and serum serotonin. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 102, 335 (1959).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenow, G.: Centrogene Hyperthermie durch (i-Tetrahydronaphthylamin und Blutleuko-cyten. Untersuchungen über die zentral-vegetative Blutregulation. II. Z. ges. exp. Med. 65, 557 (1929).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenthal, A.: Zum Problem der pyrogenen Reaktion nach Transfusion von bakterienhaltigem Konservenblut. Bibl. haemat. (Basel) 2, 140 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenthal, F.: Cooling drugs and cooling centers. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 71, 305 (1941).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenthal, F., H. Licht and F. Lauterbach: Der Mechanismus der Kühl-und Krampfgifte. (Ein Beitrag zum nervösen Mechanismus der Untertemperatur). Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 106, 233 (1925).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenthal, W.: Thermo-elektrische Untersuchungen über die Temperaturverteilung im Fieber. Arch. Anat. and Physiol., Physiol. Abt. Suppl. 1893, 217.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rotnein, E. : Zur Frage der pharmakologischen Identität der beiden Mutterkornalkaloide Ergotamin und Ergotoxin. Klin. Wschr. 12, 25 (1933).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rotnein, E.: Zur Pharmakologie des Sympathicolyticums Dihydroergotamin DHE 45. Schweiz. med. Wschr. 76, 1254 (1946).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rotnein, E. : The pharmacology of the natural and dihydrogenated alkaloids of ergot. Bull. Schweiz. Akad. med. Wiss. 2, 249 (1947).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rotnein, E., and A. Cerletti: Lysergic acid diethylamid and mescaline in experimental psychiatry. New York : Grune & Stratton 1956.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rotnein, E., A. Cerletti, H. Konzett, W. R. Schalch and M. Teaschler: Zentrale vegetative LSD-Effekte. Experientia (Basel) 12, 154 (1956).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roussy, G.: Recherches expérimentales sur la pathogénie de la fièvre; substances calorigènes et frigorigènes d’origine microbienne; pyrétogénine et frigorigénine. Gaz. Hôp. (Paris) 62, 171 (1889).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rowney, D.: Some factors affecting the resistance of animals to bacterial infection. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 66, 304 (1956).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rowney, D., W. Ali and C. R. Jerkin: A reaction between fresh serum and lipopolysaccharides of gram-negative bacteria. Brit. J. exp. Path. 39, 90 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  • Roy, F. P. VAN, and L. W. Schulhof : The effect of sympathomimetics on glycogenolysis of rat liver slices in vitro. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 130, 368 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rubner, M.: Die Gesetze des Energieverbrauchs bei der Ernährung. Leipzig and Wien: Urban & Schwarzenberg 1902.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruch, T. H., and J. F. Fulton : Medical physiology and biophysics. Philadelphia and London : W. B. Saunders Company 1960.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rudbach, J. A., and A. G. Johnson: Changes of serologic reactivity of endotoxin induced by fraction IV (Cohn) of normal [human serum. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 111, 651 (1962).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rudbach, J. A., and A. G. Johnson: Restoration of endotoxin activity following alteration by plasma. Nature (Lond.) 202, 811 (1964).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rudbach, J. A., E. Ribi and K. C. Milner: Reactivation of papain-treated endotoxin. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 119, 115 (1965).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rutenberg, S. H., A. M. Rutenberg, E. E. Smith and J. Fine: On the nature of tolerance of endotoxin. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 118, 620 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rutenberg, S. H., F. B. Schweinbfrg and J. Fine: In vitro detoxification of bacterial endotoxin by macrophages. J. exp. Med. 112, 801 (1960).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sacharoff, G. P. : Liber die Wirkung des Tetrahydro-ß-Naphthylamins auf die Körpertemperatur und den Blutkreislauf. Z. exp. Path. Ther. 7, 225 (1910).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sachs, E.: On the relation of the optic thalamus to respiration, circulation, temperature and the spleen. J. exp. Med. 14, 408 (1911).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sachs, E., and P. Green: Further observations on cerebral heat centers. Amer. J. Physiol. 42, 603 (1917).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sanarelli, J.: l tudes sur la fièvre typhoide expérimentale. Ann. Inst. Pasteur 8, 193 (1894).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sanderson, J. B.: On the process of fever. Practitioner 16, 257 (1876).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sanford, J. P., J. A. Barnett and C. Gott: The mechanism of the glycogenolytic action of bacterial endotoxin. J. clin. Invest. 38, 1039 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sanford, J. P., J. A. Jack and C. Gott: A mechanism of the glycogenolytic action of bacterial endotoxin. J. exp. Med. 112, 97 (1960).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sanford, J. P., and M. Landy: “Endotoxic” effects produced in man by a purified bacterial polysaccharide. Clin. Res. Proc. 4, 134 (1956).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sarzana, G.: Sul determinismo dell’azione calorigena dell’adrenalina. Boll. Soc. ital. Biol. sper. 29, 402 (1953).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Satinoff, E.: Behavioral thermoregulation in response to local cooling of the rat brain. Amer. J. Physiol. 206, 1389 (1964).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sawyer, H. K., and H. J. Lipner: Effects of dihydroergotamine ín athyroid and thyroxinized rats. Amer. J. Physiol. 201, 264 (1961).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sawyer, M. E. M., and T. Schlossberg: Studies of homeostasis in normal sympathectomized and ergotaminized animals Amer. J. Physiol. 104, 172 (1933).

    Google Scholar 

  • Schafer-Fingerle, E.: Stoffwechsel im Fieber. Dtsch. Arch. klin. Med. 181, 268 (1937).

    Google Scholar 

  • Schir, B.: Zur Charakterisierung der Wirkung von Lipopolysacchariden auf Leukocyten in vitro. Helv. physiol. pharmacol. Acta 18, 99 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  • Schir, B., and F. W. Kaiint: Unterschiede der Stabilität von Lipopolysacchariden aus Proteus vulgaris OX 19 in Serum und Plasma. Experientia (Basel) 14, 70 (1958).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schir, B., and R. Meier: Chemotaxine und Kapillarpermeabilität. Experientia (Basel) 11, 272 (1955).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scraps, L.: Salz-und Zuckerinjektion beim Säugling. Berl. klin. Wschr. 44, 597 (1907).

    Google Scholar 

  • Scuaumann, O.: Morphin und morphinähnlich wirkende Verbindungen. Berlin-GöttingenHeidelberg: Springer 1957.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schenk, P.: Über den Winterschlaf und seine Beeinflussung durch die Extrakte innersekretorischer Drüsen. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 197, 66 (1922).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schittenhelm, A: Anaphylaxie und Fieber. Verh. dtsch. Kongr. inn. Med. 30, 44 (1913).

    Google Scholar 

  • Schittenhelm, A, W. Wnichardt and F. Hartmann: Eiweißumsatz und lYberempfindlichkeit. II. Mitt.: Tuber die Beeinflussung der Körpertemperatur durch parenterale Einverleibung von Proteinsubstanzen verschiedener Herkunft. Z. exp. Path. Ther. 10, 448 (1912).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt, G., E. Eichen-Berger and O. Westphal: Die Wirkung der Lipoid-und Polysaccharid-Komponente endotoxischer Lipopolysaccharide gramnegativer Bakterien auf die Leukozytenkultur. Experientia (Basel) 14, 289 (1958).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schön, H., and W. Zeller: Fettemulsionen in der parenteralen Ernährungstherapie. Nutr. et Dieta (Basel), Suppl. ad Vol. 4 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  • Schramm, G.: Biochemistry of viruses. Ann. Rev. Biochem. 27, 101 (1958).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schramm, G., O. Westphal and O. Luderitz: Über bakterielle Reizstoffe. III. Physikalisch-chemisches Verhalten eines hochgereinigten Colipyrogens. Z. Naturforsch. 7b, 594 (1952).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schreiber, J. : Über den Einfluß des Gehirns auf die Körpertemperatur. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 8, 576 (1874).

    Google Scholar 

  • Schultze, O.: Über den Wärmehaushalt des Kaninchens nach dem Wärmestich. NaunynSchmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 43, 193 (1900).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scuulz, E., and P. Reznisoff: Untersuchungen über die Ursache und die biologische Bedeutung toxisch-infektiöser Leukocytosen. I. Die biologische Wirkung von Bakterienstoffen aus Pyrifer und bakterienfreiem Coliantigen. Z. ges. exp. Med. 84, 587 (1933).

    Google Scholar 

  • Schut, H.: Über die Entstehung der Hyperthermie bei der Tetrahydro-ß-naphthylaminvergiftung und ihre Beziehung zum Glykogenvorrat, nebst Vergleichsversuchen mit Adrenalin und Cholin. Arch. hit. Pharmacodyn. 24, 153 (1914/18).

    Google Scholar 

  • Schut, H.: Weitere Studien über die Hyperthermie durch Tetrahydro-Naphthylamininjektionen. Beitr. Klirr. Tuberk. 35, 75 (1916).

    Google Scholar 

  • Scott, J. C., and H. C. Bazett: Temperature regulation. Ann. Rev. Physiol. 3, 107 (1941).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Seager, L. D., and P. W. Bernstorf: Effect of thyroidectomy and propylthiouracil upon the pyrogenic action of dicumarol Fed. Proc. 10, 333 (1951).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sebastian’, V.: I varii tipi febbrili reprodotti con un’unica pirotossina batterica. Sperimentale 66, 137 (1912).

    Google Scholar 

  • Seibert, F. B.: Fever producing substances in some distilled waters. Amer. J. Physiol. 67, 90 (1923/24).

    Google Scholar 

  • Seibert, F. B.: The cause of many febrile reactions following intravenous injections. Amer. J. Physiol. 71, 621 (1925).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Seibert, F. B.: Introduction to the symposium on bacterial pyrogens. Trans. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 14, 157 (1952).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Seibert, F. B., and L. B. Mendel: Protein fevers. With special reference to casein. Amer. J. Physiol. 67, 105 (1924/25).

    Google Scholar 

  • Selawry, O., and G. E. Kraus: Reaction of dogs to hyperthermia and fever. J. appl. Physiol. 13, 231 (1958).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Selenkow, H. A., and S. P. Asper Jr.: Biological activity of compounds structurally related to thyroxine. Physiol. Rev. 35, 426 (1955).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Semenitz, E., and N. Hauser: Was ist die Ursache des Fiebers nach Milchinjektionen ? Münch. med. Wschr. 94, 1331 (1952).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Senator, H.: Untersuchungen über den fieberhaften Prozeß und seine Behandlung, S. 167. Berlin 1873.

    Google Scholar 

  • Senator, H., and P. F. Richter: Tiber den Stoffwechsel bei Hyperthermien, mit besonderer Berücksichtigung des Glykogens. Z. klin. Med. 54, 16 (1904).

    Google Scholar 

  • Senafnov, N.: Urinary excretion of catecholamines in endotoxin-induced fever. Acta physiol. stand. 54, 354 (1962).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sevag, M. G.: Eine neue physikalische Enteiweißungsmethode zur Darstellung biologisch wirksamer Substanzen. Biochem. Z. 273, 419 (1934).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sevag, M. G., D. B. Lacmman and J. Smolens: The isolation of the components of streptococcal nucleoproteins in serologically active form. J. biol. Chem. 124, 425 (1938).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shafneoff, B. G. P., J. H. Mulholland, E. Roth and H. C. Baron: Intravenous infusion of a combined fat emulsion into human subjects. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 70, 343 (1949).

    Google Scholar 

  • Shear, M. J., and F. C. Turner: Chemical treatment of tumors. V. Isolation of the hemorrhage-producing fraction from Serratia marcescens (Bacillus prodigiosus) culture filtrate. J. nat. Cancer Inst. 4, 81 (1943).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shemano, I., and M. Nicuerson: Effect of ambient temperature on thermal response to drugs. Canad. J. Biochem. 36, 1243 (1958).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shemano, I., and M. Nickerson: Mechanisms of thermal responses to pentylenetetrazol. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 126, 143 (1959).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shemano, I., and M. Nickerson: Mechanisms of thermal responses to 2,4-dinitrophenol. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 139, 88 (1963).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sheth, K., and H. L. Borisox: Central pyrogenic action of Salmonella typhosa lipopolysaccharide injected into the lateral cerebral ventricle in cats. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 130, 411 (1960).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sheth, K., W. G. Clark, R. Rosenstein and H. L. Boxisox: Pyrogenic effects of S. typhosa lipopolysaccharide injected into the lateral cerebral ventricle in cats. Fed. Proc. 19, 44 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  • Shideman, F. E., and M. H. Seevers: Effects of morphine and its derivatives on intermediary metabolism. III. The influence of chronic morphine poisoning on the oxygen consumption of rat sceletal muscle. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 74, 88 (1942).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Snilo, M.: Non-specific resistance to infections. Ann Rev. Microbiol. 13, 255 (1959).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Snilo, M., and B. Wolman: Activities of bacterial levans and of lipopolysaccharides in the processes of inflammation and infection. Brit. J. exp. Path. 39, 652 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  • Shoulders Jr., H. H., and H. C. Meng: Release of histamine-like substance from mast cells following intraperitoneal administration of fat emulsion in rats. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 104, 657 (1960).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shoulders Jr., H. H., and H. C. Meng, and S. Tuggle: Effects of heparin on body temperature and plasma lipids following intravenous administration of fat emulsion in man. J. Lab. clin. Med. 52, 559 (1958).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sfirerington, C. S.: Notes on temperature after spinal transection with some observations on shivering. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 58, 405 (1924).

    Google Scholar 

  • Shulman, J. A., and R. G. Petersdorf: Fever and release of endogenous pyrogen in leucopenic rabbits. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 117, 14 (1964).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shulman, J. A., and R. G. Petersdorf: Relationship of endogenous pyrogen and serum augmenting factor to endotoxin tolerance. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 119, 218 (1965).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Siegert, R. : Natur und Wirkungsmeohanismus der Viruspyrogene. Klin Wschr. 35, 652 (1957).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Siegert, R., E. Betz and G. Somndt: Zur Problematik des Pyrogenbegriffs, dargestellt am Beispiel der Viruspyrogene. Sitzungsber. Ges. z. Beförderung d. ges. Nat.wiss. 83/84, 255 (1961/62).

    Google Scholar 

  • Siegert, R., and P. Braune: Studien zur biologischen Charakterisierung von Viruspyrogenen. 20. Tagg Dtsch. Ges. Hyg. and Mikrobiol., Bad Kissingen, 1955.

    Google Scholar 

  • Siegert, R., and P. Braune: The pyrogens of myxoviruses. I. Induction of hyperthermia and its tolerance. Virology 24, 209 (1964).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Siegert, R., and P. Braune: The pyrogens of myxoviruses. II. Resistance of influence A pyrogen to heat, ultraviolet and chemical agents. Virology 24, 218 (1964).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Simony, J., and D. Szent-Györgyi: The effect of actedron (phenylisopropylamine) and thyroxine on the body temperature. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 80, 1 (1949).

    Google Scholar 

  • Simpson, S., and J. J. Galbraith: An investigation into the diurnal variation of the body temperature of nocturnal and other birds, and a few mammal. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 33, 225 (1905).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sinelntkov, E. I., and T. Gugel-Morosowa: Eine neue Untersuchungsmethodik der Wirkung der Temperaturveränderungen des Blutes auf die Wärmezentren des Zwischenhirns. Fiziol.. (Mosk.) 17, 353 (1934).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sirotrnin, W.: Die Übertragung von Typhusbazillen auf Versuchstiere. Z. Hyg. Infekt.-Kr. 1, 465 (1886).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sivadjian, J.: Les fièvres et les médicaments antithermiques. Paris: Hermann 1935.

    Google Scholar 

  • Skarnes, R. C., and L. C. Chedid: Biological degradation and inactivation of endotoxin. In: Bacterial endotoxins, S. 575, New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  • Skarnes, R. C., F. S. Rosen, M. J. Shear and M. Bandy: Inactivation of endotoxin by a humoral component. II. Interactions of endotoxin with serum and plasma. J. exp. Med. 108, 685 (1958).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Skowronski, V.: Über den Einfluß von Schlaf-und Fiebermitteln auf das ß-Tetrahydrofieber. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 146, 1 (1929).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, E. D.: The effect of injections of toxic extracts of the typhoid bacillus on the blood picture in rabbits. Amer. J. Hyg. 29 B, 15 (1939).

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, P. K., and W. E. Hambourger: The ratio of the toxicity of acetanilid and its antipyretic activity in rats. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 54, 346 (1935).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Snell, E. S.: An examination of the blood of febrile subjects for pyrogenic properties. Clin. Sci. 21, 115 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  • Snell, E. S.: Pyrogenic properties of human pathological fluids. Clin. Sci. 23, 141 (1962).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Snell, E. S., F. Goodale, F. Wendt and W. J. Cranston: Properties of human endogenous pyrogen. Clin. Sci. 16, 615 (1957).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Söderberg, W., and C. A. Wachtmeister: Pharmacological effects of humulone on cats and rabbits. Acta physiol. scand. 34, 90 (1955).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Söderberg, W., and C. A. Wachtmeister: The effect of large doses of 1,3-indandiones and 4-hydroxycoumarins on oxygen consumption of anesthetized cats and rabbits. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 117, 298 (1956).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sokoloff, L., S. Perlin, C. Kornetsky and S. S. Kety: The effect of d-lysergic acid diethyl-amide on central circulation and over-all metabolism. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 66, 468 (1957).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Solari, L A: Température et réactions thermiques chez les chiens hypophysoprives ou tuber lésé. C. R. Soc. Biol. (Paris) 108, 125 (1931).

    Google Scholar 

  • Speck, V.: Über Kraft-und Ernährungsstoffwechsel. Ergebn. Physiol. 2, 1 (1903).

    Google Scholar 

  • Stink, W. W., and D. Anderson: Experimental studies on the significance of endotoxin in the pathogenesis of brucellosis. J. clin. Invest. 33, 540 (1954).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Squier, T. L.: Variations in circulating white blood cells after specific and nonspecific stimuli. J. Allergy 22, 82 (1951).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stäielin, H., and M. Taeschler: Beitrag zur Differenzierung der Fieberwirkung von Lipopolysaccharid-Pyrogen und D-Lysergsäurediäthylamid (LSD). Heiv. physiol. pharmacol. Acta 17, 23 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  • Starkenstein, E. : Die Papaveraceenalkaloide. In: Handbuch der experimentellen Pharmakologie, Bd. II/2, S. 817. Berlin: Springer 1924.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stenger, E. G.: Zum Wirkungsmechanismus des 2,4-Dinitrophenols. Med. exp. 1, 153 (1959).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stern, R.: Über die Wirkung der Hydronaphthylamine auf den tierischen Organismus. Virchows Arch. path. Anat. 115, 14 (1889a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Stern, R.: Über die Beziehungen zwischen chemischer Konstitution und physiologischer Wirkung bei den Hydronaphthylaminen und Hydronaphthochinolinen. Virchows Arch. path. Anat. 117, 418 (1889b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Stern, R.: Über den Einfluß des Tetrahydro-ß-Naphthylamins auf den tierischen Stoffwechsel. Virchows Arch. path. Anat. 121, 376 (1890).

    Google Scholar 

  • Stetson, CH. A.: Studies on the mechanism of the Shwartzman phenomenon. Certain factors involved in the production of the local hemorrhagic necrosis. J. exp. Med. 93, 489 (1951).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stetson, CH. A.: Studies on the mechanism of the Shwartzman phenomenon Similarities between reactions to endotoxins and certain reactions of bacterial allergy. J. exp. Med. 101, 421 (1955).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stetson, CH. A.: The endotoxic properties of lysates of group A hemolytic streptococci. J. exp. Med. 104, 921 (1956).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stetson, CH. A., S. Scl o ssman and B. Benacerraf: Endotoxin-like effects of old tuberculin. Fed. Proc. 17, 536 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  • Stickl, H., and H. Böcker: Wirkungen des Influenzavirus. Fieber und Entzündung. Z. Kinderheilk. 81, 889 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  • Stoll, A., and A. Hofmann: Zentrale vegetative LSD-Effekte. Heiv. chim Acta 26, 944 (1943).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stoll, A., and A. Hofmann: Die Alkaloide der Ergotoxingruppe: Ergocristin, Ergokryptin und Ergocornin. Holy. chim. Acta 26, 1570 (1943).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stoll, A., and A. Hofmann, and T. Petrzilka: Konstitution der Mutterkornalkaloide. Struktur des Peptidteils III. Heiv. chim. Acta 34, 1544 (1951).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stoll, W. A.: Beziehungen des Hypothalamus zur Temperaturregulierung. Heiv. physiol. pharmacol. Acta 1, 329 (1943).

    Google Scholar 

  • Strauss, B. S., and CH. A. Stetson: Studies on the effect of certain macromolecular substances on the respiratory activity of the leucocytes of peripheral blood. J. exp. Med. 1.12, 653 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  • Strecker: Über cerebrales Fieber nach Eingriffen in das Liquorsystem des Menschen. Klirr. Wschr. 3, 2078 (1924).

    Google Scholar 

  • Streerath, E.: Die Wirksamkeit der Wärmezentren im Gehirn. Arch. Anat. and Physiol., Phys. Abt. 1910, 295.

    Google Scholar 

  • Struck, F., E. Gruentuar, and A. Urea: Beiträge zur Kenntnis der zentralnervösen Stoffwechselregulation. Verh. Ges. Dtsch. Nervenärzte 1935, S. 40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stroem, G.: Influence of local thermal stimulation of the hypothalamus of the cat on cutaneous blood flow and respiratory rate. Acta physiol. scand. 20, Suppl. 70, 47 (1950a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Stroem, G.: Influence of skin temperature on vasodilator response to hypothalamic heating in the cat. Acta physiol. scand. 20, Suppl. 70, 77 (1950b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Stroem, G.: Effect of hypothalamic cooling on cutaneous blood flow in the unanesthetized dog. Acta physiol. scand. 21, 271 (1950c).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stroem, G.: Central nervous regulation of body temperature. In: Handbook of Physiology, Sect. I, Neurophysiology, vol. II, p. 1173. Washington D. C.: Amer. Physiological Society 1960.

    Google Scholar 

  • Strubelt, O.: Sauerstoffverbrauch und Coenzym A-Aktivität nach Dinitrophenol und Isoproterenol bei Ratten. Biochem. Pharmacol. 13, 845 (1964).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stuart, D. G., Y. Kawamura and A. Hemingway: Septal Versus hypothalamic control of shivering. Physiologist 3, 156 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  • Super, Z., and S. Milkovic: Pyretogenic effect of lysergic acid diethylamide. Lancet 1955 II, 562.

    Google Scholar 

  • Suter, E., G. E. Ullman and R. G. Hoffman: Sensitivity of mice to endotoxin after vaccination with BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin). Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 99, 167 (1958).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Swanson, H. E. : Interrelations between thyroxin and adrenalin in the regulation of oxygen consumption in the albino rat. Endocrinology 59, 217 (1956).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Swanson, H. E. : The effect of temperature on the potentiation of adrenalin by thyroxine in the albino rat. Endocrinology 60, 205 (1957).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Symposium on bacterial pyrogens. Trans. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 14, 157 (1952).

    Google Scholar 

  • Symposium on pyrogens. J. Pharm. (Lond.) 6, 302 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  • Symposium on chemistry and biology of mucopolysaccharides. Ciba Fondation Symp. London: Churchill Ltd. 1958.

    Google Scholar 

  • Symposium on endotoxins. Bact. Rev. 25, 427 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  • Tainter, M. L.: Low oxygen tensions and temperatures on the actions and toxicity of dinitrophenol. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 51, 45 (1934).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tainter, M. L., and W. C. Cutting: Febrile, respiratory and some other actions of dinitrophenol. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 48, 410 (1933a).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tainter, M. L., and W. C. Cutting: Miscellaneous actions of dinitrophenol. Repeated administration, antidotes, fatal doses, antiseptic tests and action of some isomers. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 49, 187 (1933b).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Taeda, Y., N. Kasai, M. Araxt and T Odaxa: Die Chemie des 0-Antigens, seine Toxizität und Antigenität. Hoppe-Seylers Z. physiol. Chem. 307, 49 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  • Taeda, Y., N. Kasai, and K. Mio: The pyrogenic factor of the bacterial pyrogen. Jap. J. exp. Med. 24, 21 (1954). Ref. Chem. Abstr. 49, 11067 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  • Tamm, J.: Steroidfieber. Dtsch. med. Wschr. 88, 1794 (1963).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tangl, F.: Zur Kenntnis der Wärmezentren beim Pferd. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 61, 559 (1895).

    Google Scholar 

  • Tapley, D. F. : The effect of thyroxine and other substances on the swelling of isolated rat liver mitochondria. J. biol. Chem. 222, 325 (1956).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tapley, D. F., and C. Cooper: The effect of thyroxine and related compounds on oxydative phosphorylation. J. biol. Chem. 222, 341 (1956).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tardieu, G.: Le typhus. Étude physiopathologique de l’atteinte du diencéphale au cours de la fièvre typhoide. Presse méd. 50, 75 (1942).

    Google Scholar 

  • Taub, A., and F. HART: Detoxification of pyrogens by hydrogen peroxide in some ANDS.P. injections. J. Amer. pharm. Ass., sci. Ed. 37, 246 (1948).

    Google Scholar 

  • Teague, R. S., and S. W. Ranson: The rôle of the anterior hypothalamus in temperature regulation. Amer. J. Physiol. 117, 562 (1936).

    Google Scholar 

  • Tedeschi, R. E., D. H. Tedeschi, P. L. Ames, L. Coox, P. A. Mattis and E. J. Fellows: Some pharmacological observations on tranylcypromine (SKF trans-385); a potent inhibitor of monoamine oxidase. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 102, 380 (1959).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tennent, D. M., and W. H. Ott : Pyrogens, assay by the febrile response in rabbits. Analyst 77, 643 (1952).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tennent, D. M., and W. H. Ott : Tolerance to bacterial pyrogens in the rabbit. J. Amer. pharm. Ass., sci. Ed. 42, 614 (1953).

    Google Scholar 

  • Tepperman, J., and H. M. Tepperman: Some effects of hormones on cell and cell constituents. Pharmacol. Rev. 12, 301 (1960).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Trauer, R.: Wärmeregulation und Fiebererzeugung nach Halsmarkdurchschneidung. Verh. dtsch. Ges. inn. Med., 47, 451 (1935a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Trauer, R.: Wärmeregulation und Fieberfähigkeit nach operativen Eingriffen am Nervensystem homoiothermer Säugetiere. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 236, 102 (1935b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Trauer, R.: Der Mechanismus der Wärmeregulation. Ergebn. Physiol. 41, 609 (1939).

    Google Scholar 

  • Trauer, R.: Wärmezentrum und Wärmeregulation. Klirr Wschr. 20, 969 (1941).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Trauer, R.: Der Einfluß der Narkose auf die normale Wärmeregulation und das Fieber, zugleich ein Beitrag zur Frage des zentralen Wärmeregulationsmechanismus (Wärmezentrum). Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 246, 372 (1942).

    Google Scholar 

  • Trauer, R.: Die Beeinflussung der normalen und fieberhaft gesteigerten Körpertemperatur durch die Narkose. Forsch. Fortschr. dtsch. Wiss. 20, 13 (1944).

    Google Scholar 

  • Trauer, R.: Probleme der Thermoregulation. Klirr. Wschr. 36, 989 (1958).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Trauer, R., and G. Peters: Wärmeregulation nach operativer Ausschaltung des „Wärmezentrums“. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 239, 483 (1937a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Trauer, R., and G. Peters: Wärmeregulation ohne Hypothalamus. Verh. dtsch. Ges. inn. Med. 49, 188 (1937b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Thedering, F., and G. Böwrng: Tuber vegetative Gesamtreaktionen als unspezifische Abwehrvorgänge des Organismus und ihre Abhängigkeit von Stärke und Dauer des auslösenden Reizes. Z. ges. inn. Med. 8, 1028 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  • Thibault, O.: Les facteurs hormonaux de la régulation chimique de la teméprature des homéothermes. Rev. canad. Biol. 8, 3 (1949).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thibault, O.: Actions périphériques de l’hormone thyroidienne. Formes actives. J. Physiol. (Paris) 45, 233 (1953).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thibault, O.: Thyroid hormones at the peripheral tissue level: metabolism and mode of action. Ciba Found. Coll. Endocrin. 10, 230 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  • Thibault, O., and R. Pitt- Rivers: Immediate effects of thyroxine analogues on biological oxydation in vitro. Lancet 1955 I, 285.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thomas, L.: The physiological disturbances produced by endotoxins. Ann. Rev. Physiol. 16, 468 (1954).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thomas, L.: The rôle of epinephrine in the reactions produced by the endotoxins of gram-negative bacteria. I. Hemorrhagic necrosis produced by epinephrine in the skin of endotoxintreated rabbits. J. exp. Med. 104, 865 (1956).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thomesox, R. H.: Calorimetric studies in temperature regulation: The influence of cold, neutral, and warm environments upon pyrogenic fever in normal and hypothalamectomized dogs. Thesis, University of Pennsylvania 1959.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomesox, R. H., H. T. Hammel and J. D. Hardy: Calorimetric studies in temperature regulation. The influence of cold, warm and neutral environments upon pyrogenic fever in normal and hypothalamized dogs. Fed. Proc. 18, 159 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  • Tilling, W.: Wirksamkeit und Cortisonbeeinflussung intralumbal applizierter pyrogener Reizstoffe. Ärztl. Wschr. 13, 637 (1958).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Todd, J. P.: Bacterial pyrogens. J. Pharm. (Loud.) 7, 625 (1955).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Toennissen, E.: Die Bedeutung des vegetativen Nervensystems für die Wärmeregulation und den Stoffwechsel. Ergebn. Mn. Med. Kinderheilk. 23, 141 (1923).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Topley, W. W. C., H. Raistrick, J. Wilson, M. Stacey, S. W. Cfalinor and R. O. J. Clark: The immunising potency of antigenic components isolated from different strains of Bact. typhosum. Lancet 1937 I, 252.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Toyota, H.: Studies of pyrogens. (8). Comparative studies on the temperatures of rectum, muscle and liver in pyretic animals Folia pharmacol. jap. 52, 46 (1956).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Traube, L.: Zur Fieberlehre. Gesammelte Beiträge zur Pathologie und Physiologie. Berlin 1871. Zit. nach LIEBERMEISTER 1875.

    Google Scholar 

  • Trendelenbubg, P.: Pikrotoxin und verwandte Körper. In: Handbuch der experimentellen Pharmakologie, Bd. II/1, S. 406. Berlin: Springer 1920.

    Google Scholar 

  • Trendelenbubg, P.: Adrenalin und adrenalinverwandte Stoffe. Körpertemperatur. In: Heffters Handbuch der experimentellen Pharmakologie, Bd. II/2, S. 1272. Berlin: Springer 1920.

    Google Scholar 

  • Trendelenburg, AND: Thyroid and hyperglycemia produced by adrenaline and noradrenaline. Brit. J. Pharmacol. 8, 454 (1953).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tscuescmmcunc, J.: Zur Lehre von der tierischen Wärme. Arch. Anat. Physiol. and wiss. Med. 1866. Zit. nach SCHREIBER 1874.

    Google Scholar 

  • Turner, M. L.: The effect of thyroxin and dinitrophenol on the thermal responses to cold. Endocrinology 38, 263 (1946).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ughetti : La febbre, Milano 1893, Deutsch von TEUSCHER, Jena, 1895. Zit. nach LANGLOIS, 1904.

    Google Scholar 

  • Uhr, J. W., and M. W. Brandriss: Delayed hypersensitivity. IV. Systemic reactivity of guinea pigs sensitized to protein antigen. J. exp. Med. 108, 905 (1958).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Uhr, J. W., and A. M. Pappenhedier: Delayed hypersensitivity. III. Specific desensitization of guinea pigs sensitized to protein antigens. J. exp. Med. 108, 891 (1958).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Uytvänck, P. VAN: Recherches sur l’action hyperthermisante du dinitro-a-naphtol chez le pigeon. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 41, 160 (1931a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Uytvänck, P. VAN: Origine périphérique de l’action hyperthermisante du dinitro-a-naphtol sodique chez le pigeon. C. R. Soc. Biol. (Paris) 106, 477 (1931b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Uytvänck, P. VAN: Obsérvations complémentaires concernant le mécanism de l’action hyperthermisante du dinitro-a-naphtol chez le pigeon. C. R. Soc. Biol. (Paris) 107, 1576 (1931 c).

    Google Scholar 

  • Vaclrca, F: Amino acids and thermoregulation. Boll. Soc. ital. Biol. sper. 21, 114 (1946).

    Google Scholar 

  • Vainer, H.: Present knowledge on bacterial pyrogens. Microbiologia (Bucuresti) 2, 101 (1957). Ref. Chem. Abstr. 52, 3906 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  • Vaughan, V. C., J. G. Conning and J. H. Wrigirr: Protein fever. Z. Immun.-Forsch. 9, 458 (1911).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Venulet, J., and A. Desperak: Tber die Stoffwechselwirkung eines Lipopolysaccharids aus Escherichia coli. Experientia (Basel) 13, 364 (1957).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Venulet, J., and A. Desperak: The effect of pyrogen from E. coli on the activity of succinic acid dehydrogenase in liver mitochondria. J. Pharm. (Lond.) 12, 656 (1960).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Venulet, J., and A. Desperak: Pyrogenic lipopolysaccharides and liver function. 22. Int. Congr. Physiol. Sci. Leyden 1962, vol. II, abstr. 499.

    Google Scholar 

  • Venulet, J., and A. Desperak: Liver function and pyrogenic response to the lipopolysaccharide from E. coli. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 144, 465 (1963).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Venulet, J., and A. Desperak: Liver function and pyrexia caused by a pyrogen from E. coli, lysergic acid diethyl-amide and dinitrophenol. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 18, 38 (1966).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vernoni, G.: Nuovi fatti e nuove idee sulla febbre. Bull. Schweiz. Akad. med. Wiss. 4, 448 (1948).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Verzar, F.: Die Wirkung intravenöser Kochsalzinfusionen auf den respiratorischen Gaswechsel. Biochem. Z. 34, 41 (1911).

    Google Scholar 

  • Vick, J.: Studies on the trigger mechanism involved in the vascular alteration induced by endotoxin. J. Lab. clin. Med. 56, 953 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  • Villablanca, J., and R. D. Myers: Fever produced by microinjection of thyphoid vaccine into hypothalamus of cats. Amer J Physiol. 208, 703 (1965).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Visscher, M. DE: Rôle de la sécrétion thyroidienne dans l’action métabolique de l’adrénaline. C. R. Soc. Biol. (Paris) 140, 1205 (1946).

    Google Scholar 

  • Visscher, M. DE, and P. Schurmans: Influence de la di-iodothyrosine sur l’action métabolique de l’adrénaline. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 78, 375 (1949).

    Google Scholar 

  • Voces, O.: Weitere Mitteilungen über die intraperitoneale Infektion des Meerschweinchens mit Cholerabakterien. Z. Hyg. Infekt.-Kr. 17, 474 (1894).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vogt, M.: The concentration of sympathin in different parts of the central nervous system under normal conditions and after the administration of drugs. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 123, 451 (1954).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Votava, Z., I. Podvalova and M. Semonsky: Studies on the pharmacology of D-lysergic acid cycloalkylamides. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 115, 114 (1958).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wade, R., and H. W. Jones: Effect of progesterone on mitochondrial adenosinetriphosphatase. J. biol. Chem. 220, 547 (1956).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wagner, R. R.: Production of fever by influenzal viruses. IV. Tolerance to mumps and influenza pyrogens. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 83, 612 (1953).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wagner, R. R., and I. L. Bennett: The production of fever by influenzal viruses. III. Effect of receptor-destroying substances. J. exp. Med. 91, 135 (1950).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wagner, R. R., and I. L. Bennett, and V. S. Lequire: The production of fever by influenzal viruses. I. Factors influencing the febrile response to single injections of virus. J. exp. Med. 90, 321 (1949).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Waksman, B. H.: Specific white cell lysis produced by combination of rabbit antiserum to purified protein (ovalbumin, bovine gamma globulin) with homologous antigen. Rôle of non-precipitating antibody. J. Immunol. 70, 331 (1953a).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Waksman, B. H.: Studies of cellular lysis in tuberculin sensitivity. Amer. Rev. Tuberc. 68, 746 (1953b).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Waksman, B. H.: Cell lysis and related phenomena in hypersensitive reactions, including immunohematologic diseases. Prog. Allergy 5, 349 (1958).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Waksman, B. H.: Toxic effects of antigen-antibody reactions on the cells of hypersensitive reactions. In: Cellular and Humoral Aspects of the Hypersensitive State: A Symposium. Edit.: H. Sherwood Lawrence, p. 123. New York : Hoeber 1959.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walbaum, H.: Hirnbefunde an durch Hirnreizung hyperthermisch gemachten Kaninchen und ihre Beziehungen zur Hyperthermie. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 75, 423 (1941).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walker, J. : A method for the isolation of toxic and immunizing fractions from bacteria of the salmonella group. Biochem. J. 34, 325 (1940).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wallbach, G.: Tiber einige grundsätzilche Probleme der Leukocytose. Ergebn. inn. Med. Kinderheilk. 44, 434 (1932).

    Google Scholar 

  • Watson, D. W.: Host-parasite factors in group A streptococcal infections. Pyrogenic and other effects of immunologic distinct exotoxins related to scarlet fever toxins. J. exp. Med. 111, 255 (1960).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Watson, D. W.: iskussionsbemerkung in: Bacterial endotoxins, p. 563. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  • Watson, D. W., and Y. B. Kim: Modification of host responses to bacterial endotoxins. I. Specificity of pyrogenic tolerance and the role of hypersensitivity in pyrogenicity, lethality and reactivity. J. exp. Med. 118, 425 (1963).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Watson, D. W., and Y. B. Kim: Imunological aspects of pyrogen tolerance. In: Bacterial endotoxins, p. 522. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  • Webb, R. A.: Mechanism of anaphylactic leucopenia in dogs. J. Path. Bact. 27, 79 (1924).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weber, O.: Über Septicämie. Berl. klin. Wschr. 1, 377 (1864a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Weber, O.: Experimentelle Studien über Pyämie, Septicämie und Fieber. Dtsch. Klin 1864b, 461, 473, 485, 493.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weber, O.: Experimentelle Studien über Pyämie, Septicämie und Fieber. Dtsch. Klin 1865, 13, 21, 33, 41, 52, 61.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weber, S.: Versuche über künstliche Einschränkung des Eiweißumsatzes bei einem fiebernden Hammel. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 47, 19 (1902).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weger, P.: Über rein dargestellte, hochwirksame Fieberstoffe. Naturwissenschaften 34, 59 (1947).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weidmann, H., M. Taeschler and H. Konzett: Zur Pharmakologie von Psilocybin, einem Wirkstoff aus Psilocybe mexicana Heim. Experientia (Basel) 14, 378 (1958).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Welch, H., H. O. Calvery, W. T. Mcclosiky and C. W. Price: Method of preparation and test for bacterial pyrogen. J. Amer. pharm. Ass., sci. Ed. 32, 65 (1943).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wells, J. A., and D. P. Ball: Mechanism of pyrogen induced fever. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 68, 421 (1948).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wendt, F., W. I. Cranston, F. Goodale and E. S. Snell: Zur Toleranzentwicklung nach Pyrogeninjektion. Quantitative Bewertung der Fieberreaktion. Verh. dtsch. Ges. inn. Med. 62, 333 (1956).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wendt, F., W. I. Cranston, and E. S. Snell: Die Rolle der Leukocyten in der initialen Reaktion auf bakterielle Pyrogene am Menschen. 5. Kongr. Europ. Ges. Hämatol. 1955, S. 712.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wendt, F., and I. Y. Kim: Über die Pathogenese des Fiebers beim Menschen. I. Verhalten der zirkulierenden neutrophilen Granulocyten nach Injektion von bakteriellem Endotoxin und endogenem Pyrogen. Z. ges. exp. Med. 131, 246 (1959).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wendt, F., E. S. Snell, F. Goodale and W. L. Cranston: Measurements of the human febrile response to a bacterial pyrogen. Clin. Sci. 15, 485 (1956).

    Google Scholar 

  • Werhovsky, B.: Untersuchungen über die Wirkung erhöhter Eigenwärme auf den Organismus. Beitr. path. Anat. 18, 72 (1895).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wesslen, T.: Passive transfer of tuberculin hypersensitivity by viable lymphocytes from the thoracic duct. Acta tuberc. stand. 26, 38 (1952).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Westphal, O.: Pyrogens. In: Polysaccharides in biology. GEORG F. SPRINGER (Edit.), p. 115. New York: Macy 1957.

    Google Scholar 

  • Westphal, O., I. Beckmann, and Hämmerling, B., K. Jann and O. Lüderitz: Recent investigations on the polysaccharide component of enterobacterial endotoxins (S and R-forms). In: Bacterial endotoxins, p. 1. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  • Westphal, O., D. Hammer, O. Lüderitz, A. Nowotny, E. Eichenberger and F. Goebel: Die Inaktivierung der endotoxischen Lipoid-Komponente (Lipoid A) bakterieller Lipopolysaccharide durch Pferdeserum. Z. Naturforsch. 13b, 571 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  • Westphal, O., and K. Jann: Bacterial lipopolysaccharides. Extraction with phenol-water and further applications of the procedure. Methods in carbohydr. Chem. 5, 83 (1965).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Westphal, O., and O. LÜDERITZ: Chemische Erforschung von Lipopolysacchariden gramnegativer Bakterien. Angew. Chem. 66, 407 (1954).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Westphal, O., and O. Lüderitz: 3,6-Didesoxy-hexosen-Chemie und Biologie. Angew. Chem. 72, 881 (1960).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Westphal, O., and O. Lüderitz: Chemie bakterieller 0-Antigene. Path. et Microbiol. (Basel) 24, 870 (1961).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Westphal, O., and O. Lüderitz, and F. Bister: Über die Extraktion von Bakterien mit Phenol/Wasser. Z. Naturforsch. 7b, 158 (1952).

    Google Scholar 

  • Westphal, O., and O. Lüderitz, E. Eichenberger and W. Keiderling: V ber bakterielle Reizstoffe. I. Mitt. Beindarstellung eines Polysaccharid-Pyrogens aus Bact. coli. Z. Naturforsch. 7b, 536 (1952).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Westphal, O., and O. Lüderitz, E. Eichenberger and W. Keiderling: Chemische Wirkgruppen in bakteriellen Lipopolysaccharid-Reizstoffen. Dtsch. Z. Verdaand- and Stoffwechselkr. 15, 170 (1955).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Westphal, O., and W. Keiderling: Über die Wirkungsweise bakterieller Reizstoffe. Beitrag zur biochemischen Analyse des Entzündungsvorganges. Zbl. Bakt. I. Abt. 158, 152 (1952).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Westphal, O., and W. Keiderling, B. Kickhsfen, E. Eichenberger and W. Keiderling: Exogene und endogene Reizstoffe. Rev. canad. Biol. 12, 289 (1953).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Westphal, O., and W. Keiderling, and A. Staub: V. Bacterial endotoxins. J. med. pharm. Chem. 4, 497 (1961).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Westphal, O., A. Nowotny, O. Lüderitz, H. Hiirni, E. Eichenberger and G. Schönholzer: Die Bedeutung der Lipoid-Komponente (Lipoid A) für die biologischen Wirkungen bakterieller Endotoxine (Lipopolysaccharide). Pharm. Acta Heiv. 33, 401 (1958).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • White, L. R., and R. G. Petersdorf: Species-specificity of endogenous pyrogen in serum. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 114, 567 (1963).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • White, L. R., and R. G. Petersdorf: Quantitative assay of endogenous pyrogen in serum. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 117, 743 (1964).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • White, W. H.: The effect upon the bodily temperature of lesions of the corpus striatum and optic thalamus. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 11, 1 (1890).

    Google Scholar 

  • White, W. H.: On the position and value of those lesions of the brain which cause a rise of temperature. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 12, 233 (1891).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wiedersheim, M., W. Hertlein, E. Husemann, and R. Lötterle: tTber die Pharmakologie von wasserlöslichen Polysacchariden und Polysaccharidderivaten. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 217, 107 (1953).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, G. S., and A. A. Miles: Topley and Wilson’s principles of bacteriology and immunity. London: Arnold 1955.

    Google Scholar 

  • Windle, W. F.: Activities of certain bacterial polysaccharides. Trans. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 14, 159 (1952).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Winter, TH. A., and L. Flataker: The relation between skin temperature and the effect of morphine upon the response to thermal stimuli in the albino rat and the dog. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 109, 183 (1953).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Winternitz, R. : Über Allgemeinwirkungen örtlich reizender Stoffe. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 35, 22 (1895).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wiswell, J. G., and M. G. Brnverntanx: The effects of thyroxine and certain metal ions upon oxydation and phosphorylation in vitro. Endocrinology 61, 153 (1957).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wolff, E. C., and E. G. Ball: The action of thyroxine on oxydation of succinate and maleate. J. biol. Chem. 224, 1083 (1957).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wolff, S. M., M. Rubenstein and J. H. Mulholland: Effect of plasma from normal and endotoxin tolerant humans on endotoxin fever in rabbits. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 117, 766 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolownik-Charkow, B.: Experimentelle Untersuchungen über das Adrenalin. Virchows Arch. path. Anat. 180, 225 (1905).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wood Jr., W. B.: Studies on the cause of fever. New Engl. J. Med. 258, 1023 (1958a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wood Jr., W. B.: The rôle of endogenous pyrogen in the genesis of fever. Lancet 1958 IIb, 53.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wood Jr., W. B.: Die Pathogenese des Fiebers. Triangel (Basel) 5, 101 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  • Woods, J. W., P. Bard and D. L. Glancy: The central site of pyrogenic action of bacterial endotoxin. Bull. Johns Hopk. Hosp. 104, 343 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  • Woons, M. W., M. Landy, J. L. Whitby and D. Burk: Symposium on bacterial endotoxins. III. Metabolic effects of endotoxin on mammalian cells. Baet. Rev. 25, 447 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wuerth, W.: Das Steigen und Sinken der Temperatur nach Verletzung der Wärmezentren unter Berücksichtigung einiger Begleitumstände. Arch. Anat. and Physiol., Phys. Abt. 1911, 447.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wylie, D. W., and J. P. Todd: Examination of the sources and quantitative methods of testing pyrogen. Pharm. J. 161, 161 (1948a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wylie, D. W., and J. P. Todd: An examination of the sources and the quantitative methods of testing pyrogen. Quart. J. Pharm. 21, 240 (1948b).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wylie, D. W., and J. P. Todd: An examination of pyrogen from various sources. J. Pharm. (Lond.) 1, 818 (1949).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ycrci, Y.: Function of vascular counter-current heat exchange in pyrogen-induced fever. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 115, 1014 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  • Yoshioka, M., and A. G. Johnson: Characteristics of endotoxin altering fractions derived from human serum. J. Immunol. 89, 326 (1962).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Youxinns, J. B., and W. H. Trimble: Experimental and clinical studies of ergotamine. III. The effect of ergotamine on the oxygen consumption of normal trained dogs. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 38, 201 (1930).

    Google Scholar 

  • Zahl, P. A., and S. H. Hunter: Temperature factors in the action of certain bacterial endotoxins. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 56, 156 (1944).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zeeeuisen, H.: Beiträge zur Lehre der Immunität und Idiosynkrasie. I. Über den Einfluß der Körpertemperatur auf die Wirkung einiger Gifte an Tauben. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 35, 375 (1895).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zsirai, K.: Über den Zusammenhang zwischen der Wirkungsstärke der pyrogenen Stoffe und dem C-Vitaminspiegel des Blutes. Klin. Wschr. 21, 38 (1942).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zutz, W.: Über die Einwirkung einiger Krampfgifte auf die Körpertemperatur warmblütiger Tiere. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak 38, 397 (1897).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zweifach, B. W.: The relationship between the vascular manifestations of shock produced by endotoxin, trauma, and hemorrhage. I. Certain similarities between the reactions in normal and endotoxin-tolerant rats. J. exp. Med. 106, 385 (1957).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zweifach, B. W., B. Benacerraf and L. Thomas: The relationship between the vascular manifestations of shock produced by endotoxin, trauma, and hemorrhage. II. The possible rôle of the reticulo-endothelial system in resistance to death of shock. J. exp. Med. 106, 403 (1957).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zweifach, B. W., A. L. Nagler and L. Thomas: The rôle of epinephrine in the reactions produced by the endotoxin of gram-negative bacteria. II. The changes produced by endotoxin in the vascular reactivity to epinephrine, in the rat mesoappendix and the isolated, perfused rabbit ear. J. exp. Med. 104, 881 (1956)., 29 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  • Najarian, J. S., and J. D. Feldman: Passive transfer of tuberculin sensitivity by tritiated thymidine-labelled lymphoid cells. J. exp. Med. 114, 779 (1961).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Narusawa, J.: Study of the 2,4-dinitrophenol fever. I. Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi 52, 820 (1956a). Ref. Chem. Abstr. 52, 1469 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  • Narusawa, J.: Study on the 2,4-dinitrophenol fever. II. Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi 52, 828 (1956b). Ref. Chem. Abstr. 52, 1469 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  • Narusawa, J.: Study on the 2,4-dinitrophenol fever. III. Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi 52, 843 (1956 e). Ref. Chem. Abstr. 52, 1469 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  • Naunyn, B.: Arch. Anat. Physiol. and wiss. Med. 1870, 159.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nebeltau, E.: Kolorimetrische Untersuchungen an hungernden Kaninchen in fieberfreiem und fieberhaftem Zustande. Z. Biol. 31, 293 (1895).

    Google Scholar 

  • Negotin, J.: Mschr. prakt. Tierheilk. 6, 206 (1895). Zit. nach E. POULSSON, Handbuch der experimentellen Pharmakologie, Bd. II/1. Berlin: Springer 1920.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nelson, CH. M.: The cause of chills, following i. v. therapy. J. Amer. med. Ass. 112, 1303 (1939).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nesset, N. M., J. Mclallen, P. Z. Anthony and L. G. Ginger: Bacterial pyrogens. I. Pyrogenic preparation from a pseudomonas species. J. Amer. pharm. Ass., sci. Ed. 39, 456 (1950).

    Google Scholar 

  • Neter, E., O. Westphal, O. Luderitz, E. A. Gorzinsky and E. Eichenberger: Studies of enterobacterial lipopolysaccharides. Effect of heat and chemicals on erythrocyte-modifying antigenic, toxic and pyrogenic properties. J. Immunol. 76, 377 (1956).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Neubold, K., M. Taeschler and A. Cerletti: Beitrag zur zentralen Wirkung von LSD: Versuche über die Lokalisation von LSD-Effekten. Rely. physiol. pharmacol. Acta 15, 1 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  • Neva, F. A., and H. R. Morgan: Tolerance to the action of endotoxin of enteric bacilli in patients convalescent from typhoid and paratyphoid fever. J. Lab. clin. Med. 35, 911 (1950).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nichols, J.: Effect of dialized concentrated human urine on renal function in the human being. J. Lab. clin. Med. 42, 685 (1953).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nielsen, M.: Untersuchungen über die Wärmeregulierung bei körperlicher Arbeit. Skand. Arch. Physiol. 77, 63 (1937).

    Google Scholar 

  • Nielsen, M.: Die Regulation der Körpertemperatur bei Muskelarbeit. Skand. Arch. Physiol. 79, 193 (1938).

    Google Scholar 

  • Nikolaides, R., and S. Dontas: Über die Erregbarkeit des Wärmezentrums. Zbl. Physiol. 25, 192 (1911).

    Google Scholar 

  • Nobel, E.: Zur Kenntnis des temperatursteigernden Giftes des Bacterium coli commune. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 68, 371 (1912).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Novotny, I., and V. Kubista: The effect of uncoupling agents on metabolism of insect muscle. Experientia (Basel) 16, 457 (1960).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nukada, S., and S. Otsuxi: Experimentelle Untersuchungen über die Einflüsse einer minimalen Menge von Heterobakterien auf das Fieber durch Colibazillen. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 179, 164 (1935).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nussbaumer, J.: Die normale Körpertemperatur des Pferdes unter Berücksichtigung verschiedener Einflüsse. Schweiz. Arch. Tierheilk. 93, 22 (1951).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oettingen, W. F. v.: Die Atropingruppe. In: Handbuch der experimentellen Pharmakologie, Erg.-Werk Bd. III, S. 1. Berlin: Springer 1937.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ogasawara, T.: Pyrogens VI. Folia pharmacol. jap. 49, 204 (1953). Ref. Chem. Abstr. 48, 6554 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ogata, T.: Action thérapeutique des filtrats de cultures bactériennes et leurs applications clinique. Sem. Hôp. Paris 30, 1 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  • Olitzki, L., and S. Avinery: The hypothermic factor of B. dysenteriae Shiga. Brit. J. exp. Path. 18, 316 (1937).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Orskor, F., I. Orskor, B. Jann and K. Jann: Acidic polysaccharide antigens of a new type from E. coli capsules. Nature (Lond.) 200, 144 (1963).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ott, I.: The relation of the nervous system to the temperature of the body. J. nerv. ment. Dis. 11, 141 (1884).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ott, I.: The thermo-polypneic centre and thermotaxis. J. nerv. ment. Dis. 16, 238 (1889).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ott, I.: The function of the tuber cinereum. J. nerv. ment. Dis. 18, 431 (1891a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ott, I.: The inter-brain: its relation to thermotaxis, polypnoea, vasodilatation and convulsive action. J. nerv. ment Dis. 18, 433 (1891b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ott, I., and CH. Collmar: Pyrexial agents: Albumose, Peptone and Neurins. J. Physiol. (Lend.) 8, 218 (1887).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ott, I., and J. C. Scott: Fever: its metabolic changes. J. exp. Med. 9, 671 (1907).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ott, W. H.: A quantitative assay method for pyrogens. J. Amer. pharm. Ass., sci. Ed. 38, 179 (1949).

    Google Scholar 

  • Packer, L., J. H. Rust and S. J. An,: Action of plague murine toxin on mammalian mitochondrial respiration. J. Bact. 78, 658 (1959).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Palmer, C. H. R., and T. D. Whittet: The stability of solutions of the international pyrogen reference preparation. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 13, 62 T (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  • Palmer, J. G., and J. C. Herion: Relation of leucocyte changes and fever following injection of typhoid vaccine in non-tolerant and tolerant dogs. Amer. J. Med. 27, 319 (1959).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Palmer, J. W., and I. D. Gerlöugh: A simple method for preparing antigenic substances from the typhoid bacillus. Science 92, 155 (1940).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Palmer, R. H.: Inflammatory effects of pyrogenic steroids in animals. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 119, 108 (1965).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Palmer, R. H., P. B. Glickman and A. Kappas: Bile acid fever and inflammation in man. J. clin. Invest. 40, 1069 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  • Palmer, R. H., P. B. Glickman and A. Kappas: Pyrogenic and inflammatory properties of certain bile acids in man. J. clin. Invest. 41, 1573 (1962).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Palmer, R. H., B. Ratkovits and A. Kappas: Steroid pyrogen studies in laboratory and domestic animals. J. appl. Physiol. 16, 345 (1961).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Panum, P. L. P.: Bidrag til lären ons den saalkaldte putride eller septiske infektion. Bibl. Laeger 1856, 253.

    Google Scholar 

  • Panum, P. L. P.: Experimentelle Beiträge zur Lehre von der Embolie. II. Untersuchungen über die durch Embolie der Lungenarterie hervorgebrachten anatomischen Veränderungen der Lungen. Virchows Arch. path. Anat. 25, 433 (1862).

    Google Scholar 

  • Park, J. H., H. P. Meriwether and C. R. Park: The uncoupling of oxydative phosphorylation by thyroxine and trijodothyroxine in ultrasonic extracts of liver mitochondria. Biochim. biophys. Acta 28, 662 (1958).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parker, V. H.: In vitro inhibition of oxydative phosphorylation of rat liver mitochondria by 2,4-dinitrophenol. Nature (Lond.) 178, 261 (1956).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Paton, N., J. C. Dunlop and I. Macadam: On the modifications of the metabolism produced by the administration of diphtheria toxin. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 24, 231 (1899).

    Google Scholar 

  • Paulssen, F.: Über die Ursachen der fieberhaften Temperatursteigerung. Diss. Jena 1895.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pautrizel, R., and J. TRIBOULEY: Variations de la température central du lapin au cours du choc anaphylactique. C. R. Soc. Biol. (Paris) 152, 350 (1958).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peiss, C. N., J. Field and V. E. Hall: Cholinesterase activity in normal and febrile rabbit brain. Amer. J. Physiol. 155, 56 (1948).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peiss, C. N., J. Field and V. E. Hall, and M. Goldsmith: Comparison of respiration and glycolysis in the brains of normal and febrile rabbits. Amer. J. Physiol. 157, 283 (1949).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pembrey, M. S.: Remarks upon temperature. Brit. med. J. 1904 I, 475.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pennefather, J. N., and R. H. Thorp: Some pharmacological actions of a derivative of ß-tetrahydronaphthylamine (N-methyl-N-propyl-ß-tetrahydronaphthylamine). Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 121, 355 (1959).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Penner, A., and A. I. Bernheim: Studies in the pathogenesis of experimental dysentery intoxication. J. exp. Med. 111, 145 (1960).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Perry, W. L. M.: Standards of pyrogenic activity. J. Pharm. (Loud.) 6, 332 (1954).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • PETER, I.: Beiträge zum pathologischen Wesen und zur Therapie des transitorischen Fiebers bei Neugeborenen. Jb. Kinderheilk. 80, 612 (1914).

    Google Scholar 

  • Petersdorf, R. G., and I. L. Bennet: Studies on the pathogenesis of fever. VI. The effect of heat on endogenous pyrogen in the serum of dogs. Bull. Johns Hopk. Hosp. 100, 197 (1957a).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Petersdorf, R. G., and I. L. Bennet: VII. Comparative observation on the production of fever by inflammatory exudates in rabbits and dogs. Bull. Johns Hopk. Hosp. 100, 277 (1957b).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Petersdorf, R. G., and I. L. Bennet: VIII. Fever producing substance in the serum of dogs. J. exp. Med. 106, 293 (1957c).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Petersdorf, R. G., and I. L. Bennet: Experimental approach to the mechanism of fever. Arch. intern. Med. 103, 991 (1959).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Petersdorf, R. G., W. R. Keene and I. L. Bennet: IX. Characteristics of endogenous serum pyrogen and mechanisms governing its release. J. exp. Med. 106, 787 (1957d).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Petersdorf, R. G., J. L. Ribble and J. A. Shulman: Absorption of endogenous pyrogens by Dentonite. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 106, 234 (1961).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Petersen, W. F.: Non-specific reactions. J. Amer. med. Ass. 75, 312 (1921).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Petersen, W. F.: Protein-Therapie und unspezifische Leistungssteigerung. Berlin: Springer 1923.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Pfeiffer, H.: Über das verschiedene Verhalten der Körpertemperatur nach Injektion und nach Reinjektion von artfremdem Serum. Wien. klin. Wschr. 22, 14 (1909).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pfeiffer, R.: Untersuchungen über das Choleragift. Z. Hyg. Infekt.-Kr. 11, 393 (1892).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pfleger, K., W. Rummel, E. Seifen: Timm Der Einfluß von Thyroxin und Dinitrophenol auf die Lactatkonzentration des Blutes. Med. exp. 1, 160 (1959).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pflüger, E.: Über die physiologische Verbrennung in den lebendigen Organismen. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 10, 251 (1875).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pflüger, E.: Über Wärmeregulation der Säugetiere. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 12, 333 (1876).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pflüger, E.: Über Wärme und Oxydation der lebendigen Materie. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 18, 247 (1878).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pichotka, J.: Die Stoffwechselgröße von Pflanzengewebe in Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 232, 360 (1957).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pichotka, J.: Die Temperaturabhängigkeit des Stoffwechsels von Geweben neugeborener Nager. 27. Tagg Dtsch. Physiol. Ges. Zürich 1961.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pickering, G.: Regulation of body temperature in health and disease. Lancet 1958 I, 1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pilotier, J.: J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 3, 267 (1912).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pillon, M. L.: Sur la fièvre traumatique aseptique. C. R. Soc. Biol. (Paris) 10, 264 (1896a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pillon, M. L.: Les globules blances sécréteurs de substances thermogènes. C. R. Soc. Biol. (Paris) 10, 294 (1896b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pillon, M. L.: Les globules blancs sécréteurs de substances thermogènes. C. R. Soc. Biol. (Paris) 10 373 (1896c).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pinstoe, J. O.: Peripheral circulation during experimental fever. Amer. J. Physiol. 110, 448 (1934).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pinstoe, J. O.: Experimental fever in sympathectomized animals. Amer. J. Physiol. 111, 539 (1935).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pirquet, C. E.: Allergy. Arch. intern. Med. 7, 383 (1911).

    Google Scholar 

  • Plantefol, L.: L’action du dinitrophénol 1,2,4 sur la respiration de levures. C. R. Soc. Biol. (Paris) 113, 147 (1932a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Plantefol, L.: Études sur l’action du dinitrophénol 1–2–4 (Thermol). VII. Action du dinitrophénol 1–2–4 sur la respiration de cellules et tissues végétaux. Ann. Physiol. Physicochim. biol. 8, 127 (1932b).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pletscher, A.: Significance of monoamine oxydase inhibitor for the pharmacological and clinical effects of hydrazine derivatives. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 80, 1039 (1959).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pletscher, A., Besendorf, H., P. Bächtold and K. F. Gey: Über pharmakologische Beeinflussung des Zentralnervensystems durch kurzwirksade Monoaminoxydasehemmer aus der Gruppe der Harmala-Alkaloide. Hely. physiol. pharmacol. Acta 17, 202 (1959).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Popoff, N. F.: Die vegetativen Funktionen des Hundes nach weitgehender Ausschaltung der inflüsse des Zentralnervensystems. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 234, 137 (1934).

    Google Scholar 

  • Poulsson, E.: Die Cocaingruppe. In; Handbuch der experimentellen Pharmakologie, Bd. 2/1, S. 103. Berlin: Springer 1920.

    Google Scholar 

  • Precht, H.: In H. Precht, J. Christophersen and H. Hensel, Temperatur und Leben, S. 26. Berlin- Göttingen-Heidelberg: Springer 1955.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prince, A. L., and L. J. Hahn: The effect on body temperature induced by thermal stimulation of the heat center in the brain of the cat. Amer. J. Physiol. 46, 412 (1918).

    Google Scholar 

  • Probey, TH. F., and M. Pittman: The pyrogenicity of bacterial contaminants found in biologic products. J. Bact. 50, 397 (1945).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prouty, L. R., and J. D. Hardy: Temperature determinations. In: Biophysical research methods. New York: Interscience 1950.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raab, W.: Verhalten des Blutfettes bei Fieber und Unterktihlung. Wien. Arch. inn. Med. 18, 387 (1929).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rafter, G. W., R. D. Collins and W. B. Wood: Studies on the pathogenesis of fever. VII. Preliminary chemical characterization of leucocytic pyrogen. J. exp. Med. 111, 831 (1960).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Raistrick, H., and W. W. C. Topley: Immunizing fractions isolated from bact. aertrycke. Brit. J. exp. Path. 15, 113 (1934).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rall, D. P., J. R. Gaskins and H. G. Kelly: Reduction of febrile response to bacterial polysaccharide following incubation with serum. Amer. J. Physiol. 188, 559 (1957).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ramey, E. R., H. Bernstein and M. S. Goldstein: Effect of sympatetic blocking agents on increased oxygen consumption following administration of thyroxin. Fed. Proc. 14, 118 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  • Randall, W. C., R. D. Mccook and C. N. Peiss: Hypothalamic regulation of body temperature. 22. Int. Congr. Physiol. Sci., Leyden 1962, vol. II, abstr. 488.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ranson Jr., S. W.: Fever induced by the intravenous injection of typhoid-paratyphoid vaccine. Arch. intern. Med. 61, 285 (1938).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ranson Jr., S. W.: Regulation of body temperatur; in The Hypothalamus. Res. Publ. Ass. nerv. Ment. Dis. 20, 342 (1940).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ranson Jr., S. W., G. Clark and H. W. Macoun: The effect of hypothalamic lesions on fever induced by intravenous injection of typhoid-paratyphoid vaccine. J. Lab. clin. Med. 25, 160 (1939).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ranson Jr., S. W., C. Fisher and W. R. Inrgam: Hypothalamic regulation of temperature in the monkey. Arch. Neurol. Psychiat. (Chicago) 38, 445 (1937).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ranson, S. W., and W. R. Ingram: Hypothalamus and regulation of body temperature. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 32, 1439 (1935).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ranson, S. W., and H. W. Maooun: The hypothalamus. Ergebn. Physiol. 41, 56 (1939).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rakoval, H., and J. Vanecek: Pharmacology of bacterial toxins Pharmacol. Rev. 16, 1 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  • Reedy, R. J., E. J. Oswald and J. K. Nielsen: A potent pyrogenic extract derived from a strain of Aerobacter aerogenes. J. Amer. pharm. Ass., sei. Ed. 46, 685 (1957).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Recniers, P.: Influence de la tétrahydronaphtylamine sur la température et les échanges respiratoires. Action antagoniste de la chloralose et de l’antipyrine. Arch. in Pharmacodyn. 35, 70 (1928).

    Google Scholar 

  • Reichlin, S.: Thyroid function, body temperature regulation and growth in rats with hypothalamic lesions. Endocrinology 66, 340 (1960).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ribi, E., R. L. Anacker, K. Fugusri, W. T. Haskins, M. Landy and K. C. Milner: Relationship of chemical composition to biological activities. In: Bacterial endotoxins, p. 16. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ribi, E., W. T. Hasiins, M. Landy and K. C. Milner: Preparation and host-reactive properties of endotoxin with low content of nitrogen and lipid. J. exp. Med. 114, 647 (1961).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ribi, E., W. T. Hasiins, M. Landy and K. C. Milner: Symposium on bacterial endotoxines. I. Relationship of chemical composition to biological activity. Bact. Rev. 25, 427 (1961).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ribi, E., K. C. Milner and TH. D. Pebrine: Endotoxic and antigenic fractions from the cell wall of Salmonella enteritidis. Methods for separation and some biological activities. J. Immunol 82, 75 (1959).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Richet, CH.: De l’influence des lésions du cerveau sur la température. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 98, 827 (1884).

    Google Scholar 

  • Richet, CH.: Influence du système nerveux sur la calorification. C. R. Soc. Biol. (Paris) 37, 1021 (1885a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Richet, CH.: Die Beziehungen des Gehirns zur Körperwärme und zum Fieber. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 37, 624 (1885b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Richet, CH.: Chaleur. In CH. RICHET, Diet. de Physiologie 3, 81 (1898).

    Google Scholar 

  • Richet, CH.: L’Anaphylaxie. Paris: Alcan 1911.

    Google Scholar 

  • Richter, P. F.: Experimentaluntersuehangen über Antipyrese und Pyrese, nervöse und künstliche Hyperthermie. Virchows Arch. path. Anat. 123, 118 (1891).

    Google Scholar 

  • Riechert, W., and W. Maas: Untersuchungen über Permeabilitätsförderung durch den Sympathicus. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 225, 505 (1955).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Besser, O.: Über Tonus und Kreatingehalt der Muskeln in ihren Beziehungen zu Wärmeregulation und zentral-sympathischer Erregung. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 80, 183 (1917).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rigler, R., and E. Silberstern: Zur Physiologie der Wärmeregulierung: Der Einfluß sympathicushemmender Mittel auf die Körpertemperatur. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 121, 1 (1927).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ritts, R. E., and C. B. Favour: In vivo uptake of isotope-tagged tuberculin by leukocytes. J. Immunol 75, 209 (1955).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ritzmann, ST. E.: Vergiftungen mit Dinitrophenol und Ortho-Dinitrokresol. Arzneimittel-Forsch. 8, 381 (1958).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roberson, B. S., and J. H. Schwab: Endotoxic properties associated with cell walls of group A staphylococci. J. infect. Dis. 108, 25 (1961).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roberts, K. E., G. Firmat, J. Prunier, M. K. Schwartz and R. W. Rawson: Effect of phosphate in enhancing the action of triiodothyronine. Endocrinology 59, 565 (1956).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roberts, R. S.: The endotoxin of bacterium coli. J. comp. Path. 59, 284 (1952).

    Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, E. S., and B. A. Flusser: Studies on pyrogens. I. The isolation of pyrogens from various microorganisms. J. biol. Chem. 153, 529 (1944).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roche, J., and R. Michel: Nature, biosynthesis and metabolism of thyroid hormones. Physiol. Rev. 35, 585 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  • Roche, J., and R. Michel: On the peripheral metabolism of thyroid hormones. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sei. 86, 454 (1960).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rodney, G., and H. B. Devlin: Chemical composition of some bacterial pyrogens. Fed. Proc. 9, 220 (1950).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rodney, G., and M. Welcke: Studies on bacterial pyrogen. J. Bact. 50, 129 (1945).

    Google Scholar 

  • Roeser, W. F.: Thermoelectric thermometry; in Temperature its measurement and control in science and industry. New York: Reinhold Publ. Corp. 1941.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rogers, F. T.: Studies on the brain stam. IX. Amer. J. Physiol. 68, 507 (1924).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rolly, F.: Experimentelle Untersuchungen über Wärmestichhyperthermie und Fieber mit besonderer Berücksichtigung des Glykogenstoffwechsels. Dtsch. Arch. klin. Med. 78, 250 (1903).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosen, F. S., R. C. Skarnes, M. Landy and M. J. Shear: Inactivation of endotoxin by a humoral component. III. Rôle of. divalent Cation and a dialyzable component. J. exp. Med. 108, 701 (1958).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenberg, J. C., R. C. Lillehei, W. H. Moran and B. Zimmermann: Effect of endotoxin on plasma catechol amines and serum serotonin. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 102, 335 (1959).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenow, G.: Centrogene Hyperthermie durch (i-Tetrahydronaphthylamin und Blutleuko-cyten. Untersuchungen über die zentral-vegetative Blutregulation. II. Z. ges. exp. Med. 65, 557 (1929).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenthal, A.: Zum Problem der pyrogenen Reaktion nach Transfusion von bakterienhaltigem Konservenblut. Bibl. haemat. (Basel) 2, 140 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenthal, F.: Cooling drugs and cooling centers. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 71, 305 (1941).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenthal, F., H. Licht and F. Lauterbach: Der Mechanismus der Kühl-und Krampfgifte. (Ein Beitrag zum nervösen Mechanismus der Untertemperatur). Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 106, 233 (1925).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenthal, W.: Thermo-elektrische Untersuchungen über die Temperaturverteilung im Fieber. Arch. Anat. and Physiol., Physiol. Abt. Suppl. 1893, 217.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rotnein, E.: Zur Frage der pharmakologischen Identität der beiden Mutterkornalkaloide Ergotamin und Ergotoxin. Klin. Wschr. 12, 25 (1933).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rotnein, E.: Zur Pharmakologie des Sympathicolyticums Dihydroergotamin DHE 45. Schweiz. med. Wschr. 76, 1254 (1946).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rotnein, E.: The pharmacology of the natural and dihydrogenated alkaloids of ergot. Bull. Schweiz. Akad. med. Wiss. 2, 249 (1947).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rotnein, E., and A. Cerletti: Lysergic acid diethylamid and mescaline in experimental psychiatry. New York: Grune & Stratton 1956.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rotnein, E., A. Cerletti, H. Konzett, W. R. Schalch and M. Teaschler: Zentrale vegetative LSD-Effekte. Experientia (Basel) 12, 154 (1956).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roussy, G.: Recherches expérimentales sur la pathogénie de la fièvre; substances calorigènes et frigorigènes d’origine microbienne; pyrétogénine et frigorigénine. Gaz. Hôp. (Paris) 62, 171 (1889).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rowney, D.: Some factors affecting the resistance of animals to bacterial infection. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 66, 304 (1956).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rowney, D., W. Ali and C. R. Jerkin: A reaction between fresh serum and lipopolysaccharides of gram-negative bacteria. Brit. J. exp. Path. 39, 90 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  • Roy, F. P. VAN, and L. W. Schulhof: The effect of sympathomimetics on glycogenolysis of rat liver slices in vitro. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 130, 368 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rubner, M.: Die Gesetze des Energieverbrauchs bei der Ernährung. Leipzig and Wien: Urban & Schwarzenberg 1902.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruch, T. H., and J. F. Fulton: Medical physiology and biophysics. Philadelphia and London: W. B. Saunders Company 1960.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rudbach, J. A., and A. G. Johnson: Changes of serologic reactivity of endotoxin induced by fraction IV (Cohn) of normal [human serum. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 111, 651 (1962).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rudbach, J. A., and A. G. Johnson: Restoration of endotoxin activity following alteration by plasma. Nature (Lond.) 202, 811 (1964).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rudbach, J. A., E. Ribi and K. C. Milner: Reactivation of papain-treated endotoxin. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 119, 115 (1965).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rutenberg, S. H., A. M. Rutenberg, E. E. Smith and J. Fine: On the nature of tolerance of endotoxin. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 118, 620 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rutenberg, S. H., F. B. Schweinbfrg and J. Fine: In vitro detoxification of bacterial endotoxin by macrophages. J. exp. Med. 112, 801 (1960).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sacharoff, G. P.: Liber die Wirkung des Tetrahydro-ß-Naphthylamins auf die Körpertemperatur und den Blutkreislauf. Z. exp. Path. Ther. 7, 225 (1910).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sachs, E.: On the relation of the optic thalamus to respiration, circulation, temperature and the spleen. J. exp. Med. 14, 408 (1911).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sachs, E., and P. Green: Further observations on cerebral heat centers. Amer. J. Physiol. 42, 603 (1917).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sanarelli, J.: l tudes sur la fièvre typhoide expérimentale. Ann. Inst. Pasteur 8, 193 (1894).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sanderson, J. B.: On the process of fever. Practitioner 16, 257 (1876).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sanford, J. P., J. A. Barnett and C. Gott: The mechanism of the glycogenolytic action of bacterial endotoxin. J. clin. Invest. 38, 1039 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sanford, J. P., J. A. Jack and C. Gott: A mechanism of the glycogenolytic action of bacterial endotoxin. J. exp. Med. 112, 97 (1960).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sanford, J. P., and M. Landy: “Endotoxic” effects produced in man by a purified bacterial polysaccharide. Clin. Res. Proc. 4, 134 (1956).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sarzana, G.: Sul determinismo dell’azione calorigena dell’adrenalina. Boll. Soc. ital. Biol. sper. 29, 402 (1953).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Satinoff, E.: Behavioral thermoregulation in response to local cooling of the rat brain. Amer. J. Physiol. 206, 1389 (1964).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sawyer, H. K., and H. J. Lipner: Effects of dihydroergotamine ín athyroid and thyroxinized rats. Amer. J. Physiol. 201, 264 (1961).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sawyer, M. E. M., and T. Schlossberg: Studies of homeostasis in normal sympathectomized and ergotaminized animals Amer. J. Physiol. 104, 172 (1933).

    Google Scholar 

  • Schafer-Fingerle, E.: Stoffwechsel im Fieber. Dtsch. Arch. klin. Med. 181, 268 (1937).

    Google Scholar 

  • Schir, B.: Zur Charakterisierung der Wirkung von Lipopolysacchariden auf Leukocyten in vitro. Helv. physiol. pharmacol. Acta 18, 99 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  • Schir, B., and F. W. Kaiint: Unterschiede der Stabilität von Lipopolysacchariden aus Proteus vulgaris OX 19 in Serum und Plasma. Experientia (Basel) 14, 70 (1958).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schir, B., and R. Meier: Chemotaxine und Kapillarpermeabilität. Experientia (Basel) 11, 272 (1955).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scraps, L.: Salz-und Zuckerinjektion beim Säugling. Berl. klin. Wschr. 44, 597 (1907).

    Google Scholar 

  • Scuaumann, O.: Morphin und morphinähnlich wirkende Verbindungen. Berlin-GöttingenHeidelberg: Springer 1957.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schenk, P.: Über den Winterschlaf und seine Beeinflussung durch die Extrakte innersekretorischer Drüsen. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 197, 66 (1922).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schittenhelm, A: Anaphylaxie und Fieber. Verh. dtsch. Kongr. inn. Med. 30, 44 (1913).

    Google Scholar 

  • Schittenhelm, A, W. Wnichardt, and F. Hartmann: Eiweißumsatz und lYberempfindlichkeit. II. Mitt.: Tuber die Beeinflussung der Körpertemperatur durch parenterale Einverleibung von Proteinsubstanzen verschiedener Herkunft. Z. exp. Path. Ther. 10, 448 (1912).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt, G., E. Eichen-Berger and O. Westphal: Die Wirkung der Lipoid-und Polysaccharid-Komponente endotoxischer Lipopolysaccharide gramnegativer Bakterien auf die Leukozytenkultur. Experientia (Basel) 14, 289 (1958).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schön, H., and W. ZELLER: Fettemulsionen in der parenteralen Ernährungstherapie. Nutr. et Dieta (Basel), Suppl. ad Vol. 4 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  • Schramm, G.: Biochemistry of viruses. Ann. Rev. Biochem. 27, 101 (1958).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schramm, G., O. Westphal and O. Luderitz: Über bakterielle Reizstoffe. III. Physikalisch-chemisches Verhalten eines hochgereinigten Colipyrogens. Z. Naturforsch. 7b, 594 (1952).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schreiber, J.: Über den Einfluß des Gehirns auf die Körpertemperatur. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 8, 576 (1874).

    Google Scholar 

  • Schultze, O.: Über den Wärmehaushalt des Kaninchens nach dem Wärmestich. NaunynSchmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 43, 193 (1900).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scuulz, E., and P. Reznisoff: Untersuchungen über die Ursache und die biologische Bedeutung toxisch-infektiöser Leukocytosen. I. Die biologische Wirkung von Bakterienstoffen aus Pyrifer und bakterienfreiem Coliantigen. Z. ges. exp. Med. 84, 587 (1933).

    Google Scholar 

  • Schut, H.: Über die Entstehung der Hyperthermie bei der Tetrahydro-ß-naphthylaminvergiftung und ihre Beziehung zum Glykogenvorrat, nebst Vergleichsversuchen mit Adrenalin und Cholin. Arch. hit. Pharmacodyn. 24, 153 (1914/18).

    Google Scholar 

  • Schut, H.: Weitere Studien über die Hyperthermie durch Tetrahydro-Naphthylamininjektionen. Beitr. Klirr. Tuberk. 35, 75 (1916).

    Google Scholar 

  • Scott, J. C., and H. C. Bazett: Temperature regulation. Ann. Rev. Physiol. 3, 107 (1941).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Seager, L. D., and P. W. Bernstorf: Effect of thyroidectomy and propylthiouracil upon the pyrogenic action of dicumarol Fed. Proc. 10, 333 (1951).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sebastian’, V.: I varii tipi febbrili reprodotti con un’unica pirotossina batterica. Sperimentale 66, 137 (1912).

    Google Scholar 

  • Seibert, F. B.: Fever producing substances in some distilled waters. Amer. J. Physiol. 67, 90 (1923/24).

    Google Scholar 

  • Seibert, F. B.: The cause of many febrile reactions following intravenous injections. Amer. J. Physiol. 71, 621 (1925).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Seibert, F. B.: Introduction to the symposium on bacterial pyrogens. Trans. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 14, 157 (1952).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Seibert, F. B., and L. B. Mendel: Protein fevers. With special reference to casein. Amer. J. Physiol. 67, 105 (1924/25).

    Google Scholar 

  • Selawry, O., and G. E. Kraus: Reaction of dogs to hyperthermia and fever. J. appl. Physiol. 13, 231 (1958).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Selenkow, H. A., and S. P. Asper Jr.: Biological activity of compounds structurally related to thyroxine. Physiol. Rev. 35, 426 (1955).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Semenitz, E., and N. Hauser: Was ist die Ursache des Fiebers nach Milchinjektionen ? Münch. med. Wschr. 94, 1331 (1952).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Senator, H.: Untersuchungen über den fieberhaften Prozeß und seine Behandlung, S. 167. Berlin 1873.

    Google Scholar 

  • Senator, H., and P. F. Richter: Tiber den Stoffwechsel bei Hyperthermien, mit besonderer Berücksichtigung des Glykogens. Z. klin. Med. 54, 16 (1904).

    Google Scholar 

  • Senafnov, N.: Urinary excretion of catecholamines in endotoxin-induced fever. Acta physiol. stand. 54, 354 (1962).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sevag, M. G.: Eine neue physikalische Enteiweißungsmethode zur Darstellung biologisch wirksamer Substanzen. Biochem. Z. 273, 419 (1934).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sevag, M. G., D. B. Lacmman and J. Smolens: The isolation of the components of streptococcal nucleoproteins in serologically active form. J. biol. Chem. 124, 425 (1938).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shafneoff, B. G. P., J. H. Mulholland, E. Roth and H. C. Baron: Intravenous infusion of a combined fat emulsion into human subjects. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 70, 343 (1949).

    Google Scholar 

  • Shear, M. J., and F. C. Turner: Chemical treatment of tumors. V. Isolation of the hemorrhage-producing fraction from Serratia marcescens (Bacillus prodigiosus) culture filtrate. J. nat. Cancer Inst. 4, 81 (1943).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shemano, I., and M. Nicuerson: Effect of ambient temperature on thermal response to drugs. Canad. J. Biochem. 36, 1243 (1958).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shemano, I., and M. Nickerson: Mechanisms of thermal responses to pentylenetetrazol. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 126, 143 (1959).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shemano, I., and M. Nickerson: Mechanisms of thermal responses to 2,4-dinitrophenol. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 139, 88 (1963).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sheth, K., and H. L. Borisox: Central pyrogenic action of Salmonella typhosa lipopolysaccharide injected into the lateral cerebral ventricle in cats. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 130, 411 (1960).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sheth, K., W. G. Clark, R. Rosenstein and H. L. Boxisox: Pyrogenic effects of S. typhosa lipopolysaccharide injected into the lateral cerebral ventricle in cats. Fed. Proc. 19, 44 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  • Shideman, F. E., and M. H. Seevers: Effects of morphine and its derivatives on intermediary metabolism. III. The influence of chronic morphine poisoning on the oxygen consumption of rat sceletal muscle. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 74, 88 (1942).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Snilo, M.: Non-specific resistance to infections. Ann Rev. Microbiol. 13, 255 (1959).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Snilo, M., and B. Wolman: Activities of bacterial levans and of lipopolysaccharides in the processes of inflammation and infection. Brit. J. exp. Path. 39, 652 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  • Shoulders Jr., H. H., and H. C. Meng: Release of histamine-like substance from mast cells following intraperitoneal administration of fat emulsion in rats. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 104, 657 (1960).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shoulders Jr., H. H., and H. C. Meng, and S. Tuggle: Effects of heparin on body temperature and plasma lipids following intravenous administration of fat emulsion in man. J. Lab. clin. Med. 52, 559 (1958).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sfirerington, C. S.: Notes on temperature after spinal transection with some observations on shivering. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 58, 405 (1924).

    Google Scholar 

  • Shulman, J. A., and R. G. Petersdorf: Fever and release of endogenous pyrogen in leucopenic rabbits. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 117, 14 (1964).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shulman, J. A., and R. G. Petersdorf: Relationship of endogenous pyrogen and serum augmenting factor to endotoxin tolerance. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 119, 218 (1965).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Siegert, R.: Natur und Wirkungsmeohanismus der Viruspyrogene. Klin Wschr. 35, 652 (1957).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Siegert, R., E. Betz and G. Somndt: Zur Problematik des Pyrogenbegriffs, dargestellt am Beispiel der Viruspyrogene. Sitzungsber. Ges. z. Beförderung d. ges. Nat.wiss. 83/84, 255 (1961/62).

    Google Scholar 

  • Siegert, R., and P. Braune: Studien zur biologischen Charakterisierung von Viruspyrogenen. 20. Tagg Dtsch. Ges. Hyg. and Mikrobiol., Bad Kissingen, 1955.

    Google Scholar 

  • Siegert, R., and P. Braune: The pyrogens of myxoviruses. I. Induction of hyperthermia and its tolerance. Virology 24, 209 (1964).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Siegert, R., and P. Braune: The pyrogens of myxoviruses. II. Resistance of influence A pyrogen to heat, ultraviolet and chemical agents. Virology 24, 218 (1964).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Simony’, J., and D. Szent-Györgyi: The effect of actedron (phenylisopropylamine) and thyroxine on the body temperature. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 80, 1 (1949).

    Google Scholar 

  • Simpson, S., and J. J. Galbraith: An investigation into the diurnal variation of the body temperature of nocturnal and other birds, and a few mammal. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 33, 225 (1905).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sinelntkov, E. I., and T. Gugel-Morosowa: Eine neue Untersuchungsmethodik der Wirkung der Temperaturveränderungen des Blutes auf die Wärmezentren des Zwischenhirns. Fiziol.. (Mosk.) 17, 353 (1934).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sirotrnin, W.: Die Übertragung von Typhusbazillen auf Versuchstiere. Z. Hyg. Infekt.-Kr. 1, 465 (1886).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sivadjian, J.: Les fièvres et les médicaments antithermiques. Paris: Hermann 1935.

    Google Scholar 

  • Skarnes, R. C., and L. C. Chedid: Biological degradation and inactivation of endotoxin. In: Bacterial endotoxins, S. 575, New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  • Skarnes, R. C., F. S. Rosen, M. J. Shear and M. Bandy: Inactivation of endotoxin by a humoral component. II. Interactions of endotoxin with serum and plasma. J. exp. Med. 108, 685 (1958).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Skowronski, V.: Über den Einfluß von Schlaf-und Fiebermitteln auf das ß-Tetrahydrofieber. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 146, 1 (1929).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, E. D.: The effect of injections of toxic extracts of the typhoid bacillus on the blood picture in rabbits. Amer. J. Hyg. 29 B, 15 (1939).

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, P. K., and W. E. Hambourger: The ratio of the toxicity of acetanilid and its antipyretic activity in rats. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 54, 346 (1935).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Snell, E. S.: An examination of the blood of febrile subjects for pyrogenic properties. Clin. Sci. 21, 115 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  • Snell, E. S.: Pyrogenic properties of human pathological fluids. Clin. Sci. 23, 141 (1962).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Snell, E. S., F. Goodale, F. Wendt and W. J. Cranston: Properties of human endogenous pyrogen. Clin. Sci. 16, 615 (1957).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Söderberg, W., and C. A. Wachtmeister: Pharmacological effects of humulone on cats and rabbits. Acta physiol. scand. 34, 90 (1955).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Söderberg, W., and C. A. Wachtmeister: The effect of large doses of 1,3-indandiones and 4-hydroxycoumarins on oxygen consumption of anesthetized cats and rabbits. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 117, 298 (1956).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sokoloff, L., S. Perlin, C. Kornetsky and S. S. Kety: The effect of d-lysergic acid diethyl-amide on central circulation and over-all metabolism. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 66, 468 (1957).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Solari, L A: Température et réactions thermiques chez les chiens hypophysoprives ou tuber lésé. C. R. Soc. Biol. (Paris) 108, 125 (1931).

    Google Scholar 

  • Speck, V.: Über Kraft-und Ernährungsstoffwechsel. Ergebn. Physiol. 2, 1 (1903).

    Google Scholar 

  • Stink, W. W., and D. Anderson: Experimental studies on the significance of endotoxin in the pathogenesis of brucellosis. J. clin. Invest. 33, 540 (1954).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Squier, T. L.: Variations in circulating white blood cells after specific and nonspecific stimuli. J. Allergy 22, 82 (1951).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stäielin, H., and M. Taeschler: Beitrag zur Differenzierung der Fieberwirkung von Lipopolysaccharid-Pyrogen und D-Lysergsäurediäthylamid (LSD). Heiv. physiol. pharmacol. Acta 17, 23 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  • Starkenstein, E.: Die Papaveraceenalkaloide. In: Handbuch der experimentellen Pharmakologie, Bd. II/2, S. 817. Berlin: Springer 1924.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stenger, E. G.: Zum Wirkungsmechanismus des 2,4-Dinitrophenols. Med. exp. 1, 153 (1959).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stern, R.: Über die Wirkung der Hydronaphthylamine auf den tierischen Organismus. Virchows Arch. path. Anat. 115, 14 (1889a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Stern, R.: Über die Beziehungen zwischen chemischer Konstitution und physiologischer Wirkung bei den Hydronaphthylaminen und Hydronaphthochinolinen. Virchows Arch. path. Anat. 117, 418 (1889b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Stern, R.: Über den Einfluß des Tetrahydro-ß-Naphthylamins auf den tierischen Stoffwechsel. Virchows Arch. path. Anat. 121, 376 (1890).

    Google Scholar 

  • Stetson, CH. A.: Studies on the mechanism of the Shwartzman phenomenon. Certain factors involved in the production of the local hemorrhagic necrosis. J. exp. Med. 93, 489 (1951).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stetson, CH. A.: Studies on the mechanism of the Shwartzman phenomenon Similarities between reactions to endotoxins and certain reactions of bacterial allergy. J. exp. Med. 101, 421 (1955).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stetson, CH. A.: The endotoxic properties of lysates of group A hemolytic streptococci. J. exp. Med. 104, 921 (1956).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stetson, CH. A., S. Sclossman and B. Benacerraf: Endotoxin-like effects of old tuberculin. Fed. Proc. 17, 536 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  • Stickl, H., and H. Böcker: Wirkungen des Influenzavirus. Fieber und Entzündung. Z. Kinderheilk. 81, 889 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  • Stoll, A., and A. Hofmann: Zentrale vegetative LSD-Effekte. Heiv. chim Acta 26, 944 (1943).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stoll, A., and A. Hofmann: Die Alkaloide der Ergotoxingruppe: Ergocristin, Ergokryptin und Ergocornin. Holy. chim. Acta 26, 1570 (1943).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stoll, A., and A. Hofmann, and T. Petrzilka: Konstitution der Mutterkornalkaloide. Struktur des Peptidteils III. Heiv. chim. Acta 34, 1544 (1951).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stoll, W. A.: Beziehungen des Hypothalamus zur Temperaturregulierung. Heiv. physiol. pharmacol. Acta 1, 329 (1943).

    Google Scholar 

  • Strauss, B. S., and CH. A. Stetson: Studies on the effect of certain macromolecular substances on the respiratory activity of the leucocytes of peripheral blood. J. exp. Med. 1.12, 653 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  • Strecker : Über cerebrales Fieber nach Eingriffen in das Liquorsystem des Menschen. Klirr. Wschr. 3, 2078 (1924).

    Google Scholar 

  • Streerath, E.: Die Wirksamkeit der Wärmezentren im Gehirn. Arch. Anat. and Physiol., Phys. Abt. 1910, 295.

    Google Scholar 

  • Struck, F., E. Gruentuar, and A. Urea: Beiträge zur Kenntnis der zentralnervösen Stoffwechselregulation. Verh. Ges. Dtsch. Nervenärzte 1935, S. 40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stroem, G.: Influence of local thermal stimulation of the hypothalamus of the cat on cutaneous blood flow and respiratory rate. Acta physiol. scand. 20, Suppl. 70, 47 (1950a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Stroem, G.: Influence of skin temperature on vasodilator response to hypothalamic heating in the cat. Acta physiol. scand. 20, Suppl. 70, 77 (1950b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Stroem, G.: Effect of hypothalamic cooling on cutaneous blood flow in the unanesthetized dog. Acta physiol. scand. 21, 271 (1950c).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stroem, G.: Central nervous regulation of body temperature. In: Handbook of Physiology, Sect. I, Neurophysiology, vol. II, p. 1173. Washington D. C.: Amer. Physiological Society 1960.

    Google Scholar 

  • Strubelt, O.: Sauerstoffverbrauch und Coenzym A-Aktivität nach Dinitrophenol und Isoproterenol bei Ratten. Biochem. Pharmacol. 13, 845 (1964).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stuart, D. G., Y. Kawamura and A. Hemingway: Septal Versus hypothalamic control of shivering. Physiologist 3, 156 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  • Super, Z., and S. Milkovic: Pyretogenic effect of lysergic acid diethylamide. Lancet 1955 II, 562.

    Google Scholar 

  • Suter, E., G. E. Ullman and R. G. Hoffman: Sensitivity of mice to endotoxin after vaccination with BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin). Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 99, 167 (1958).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Swanson, H. E.: Interrelations between thyroxin and adrenalin in the regulation of oxygen consumption in the albino rat. Endocrinology 59, 217 (1956).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Swanson, H. E.: The effect of temperature on the potentiation of adrenalin by thyroxine in the albino rat. Endocrinology 60, 205 (1957).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Symposium on bacterial pyrogens. Trans. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 14, 157 (1952).

    Google Scholar 

  • Symposium on pyrogens. J. Pharm. (Lond.) 6, 302 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  • Symposium on chemistry and biology of mucopolysaccharides. Ciba Fondation Symp. London: Churchill Ltd. 1958.

    Google Scholar 

  • Symposium on endotoxins. Bact. Rev. 25, 427 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  • Tainter, M. L.: Low oxygen tensions and temperatures on the actions and toxicity of dinitrophenol. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 51, 45 (1934).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tainter, M. L., and W. C. Cutting: Febrile, respiratory and some other actions of dinitrophenol. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 48, 410 (1933a).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tainter, M. L., and W. C. Cutting: Miscellaneous actions of dinitrophenol. Repeated administration, antidotes, fatal doses, antiseptic tests and action of some isomers. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 49, 187 (1933b).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Taeda, Y., N. KASAI, M. Araxt and T Odaxa: Die Chemie des 0-Antigens, seine Toxizität und Antigenität. Hoppe-Seylers Z. physiol. Chem. 307, 49 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  • Taeda, Y., N. Kasai, and K. Mio: The pyrogenic factor of the bacterial pyrogen. Jap. J. exp. Med. 24, 21 (1954). Ref. Chem. Abstr. 49, 11067 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  • Tamm, J.: Steroidfieber. Dtsch. med. Wschr. 88, 1794 (1963).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tangl, F.: Zur Kenntnis der Wärmezentren beim Pferd. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 61, 559 (1895).

    Google Scholar 

  • Tapley, D. F.: The effect of thyroxine and other substances on the swelling of isolated rat liver mitochondria. J. biol. Chem. 222, 325 (1956).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tapley, D. F., and C. Cooper: The effect of thyroxine and related compounds on oxydative phosphorylation. J. biol. Chem. 222, 341 (1956).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tardieu, G.: Le typhus. Étude physiopathologique de l’atteinte du diencéphale au cours de la fièvre typhoide. Presse méd. 50, 75 (1942).

    Google Scholar 

  • Taub, A., and F. Hart: Detoxification of pyrogens by hydrogen peroxide in some ANDS.P. injections. J. Amer. pharm. Ass., sci. Ed. 37, 246 (1948).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Teague, R. S., and S. W. Ranson: The rôle of the anterior hypothalamus in temperature regulation. Amer. J. Physiol. 117, 562 (1936).

    Google Scholar 

  • Tedeschi, R. E., D. H. Tedeschi, P. L. Ames, L. Coox, P. A. Mattis and E. J. Fellows: Some pharmacological observations on tranylcypromine (SKF trans-385); a potent inhibitor of monoamine oxidase. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 102, 380 (1959).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tennent, D. M., and W. H. Ott: Pyrogens, assay by the febrile response in rabbits. Analyst 77, 643 (1952).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tennent, D. M., and W. H. OTT: Tolerance to bacterial pyrogens in the rabbit. J. Amer. pharm. Ass., sci. Ed. 42, 614 (1953).

    Google Scholar 

  • Tepperman, J., and H. M. Tepperman: Some effects of hormones on cell and cell constituents. Pharmacol. Rev. 12, 301 (1960).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Trauer, R.: Wärmeregulation und Fiebererzeugung nach Halsmarkdurchschneidung. Verh. dtsch. Ges. inn. Med., 47, 451 (1935a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Trauer, R.: Wärmeregulation und Fieberfähigkeit nach operativen Eingriffen am Nervensystem homoiothermer Säugetiere. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 236, 102 (1935b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Trauer, R.: Der Mechanismus der Wärmeregulation. Ergebn. Physiol. 41, 609 (1939).

    Google Scholar 

  • Trauer, R.: Wärmezentrum und Wärmeregulation. Klirr Wschr. 20, 969 (1941).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Trauer, R.: Der Einfluß der Narkose auf die normale Wärmeregulation und das Fieber, zugleich ein Beitrag zur Frage des zentralen Wärmeregulationsmechanismus (Wärmezentrum). Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 246, 372 (1942).

    Google Scholar 

  • Trauer, R.: Die Beeinflussung der normalen und fieberhaft gesteigerten Körpertemperatur durch die Narkose. Forsch. Fortschr. dtsch. Wiss. 20, 13 (1944).

    Google Scholar 

  • Trauer, R.: Probleme der Thermoregulation. Klirr. Wschr. 36, 989 (1958).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Trauer, R., and G. Peters: Wärmeregulation nach operativer Ausschaltung des „Wärmezentrums“. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 239, 483 (1937a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Trauer, R., and G. Peters: Wärmeregulation ohne Hypothalamus. Verh. dtsch. Ges. inn. Med. 49, 188 (1937b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Thedering, F., and G. Böwrng: Tuber vegetative Gesamtreaktionen als unspezifische Abwehrvorgänge des Organismus und ihre Abhängigkeit von Stärke und Dauer des auslösenden Reizes. Z. ges. inn. Med. 8, 1028 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  • Thibault, O.: Les facteurs hormonaux de la régulation chimique de la teméprature des homéothermes. Rev. canad. Biol. 8, 3 (1949).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thibault, O.: Actions périphériques de l’hormone thyroidienne. Formes actives. J. Physiol. (Paris) 45, 233 (1953).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thibault, O.: Thyroid hormones at the peripheral tissue level: metabolism and mode of action. Ciba Found. Coll. Endocrin. 10, 230 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  • Thibault, O., and R. Pitt- Rivers: Immediate effects of thyroxine analogues on biological oxydation in vitro. Lancet 1955 I, 285.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thomas, L.: The physiological disturbances produced by endotoxins. Ann. Rev. Physiol. 16, 468 (1954).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thomas, L.: The rôle of epinephrine in the reactions produced by the endotoxins of gram-negative bacteria. I. Hemorrhagic necrosis produced by epinephrine in the skin of endotoxintreated rabbits. J. exp. Med. 104, 865 (1956).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thomesox, R. H.: Calorimetric studies in temperature regulation: The influence of cold, neutral, and warm environments upon pyrogenic fever in normal and hypothalamectomized dogs. Thesis, University of Pennsylvania 1959.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomesox, R. H., H. T. Hammel and J. D. Hardy: Calorimetric studies in temperature regulation. The influence of cold, warm and neutral environments upon pyrogenic fever in normal and hypothalamized dogs. Fed. Proc. 18, 159 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  • Tilling, W.: Wirksamkeit und Cortisonbeeinflussung intralumbal applizierter pyrogener Reizstoffe. Ärztl. Wschr. 13, 637 (1958).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Todd, J. P.: Bacterial pyrogens. J. Pharm. (Loud.) 7, 625 (1955).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Toennissen, E.: Die Bedeutung des vegetativen Nervensystems für die Wärmeregulation und den Stoffwechsel. Ergebn. Mn. Med. Kinderheilk. 23, 141 (1923).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Topley, W. W. C., H. Raistrick, J. Wilson, M. Stacey, S. W. Cfalinor and R. O. J. Clark: The immunising potency of antigenic components isolated from different strains of Bact. typhosum. Lancet 1937 I, 252.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Toyota, H.: Studies of pyrogens. (8). Comparative studies on the temperatures of rectum, muscle and liver in pyretic animals Folia pharmacol. jap. 52, 46 (1956).

    Google Scholar 

  • Traube, L.: Zur Fieberlehre. Gesammelte Beiträge zur Pathologie und Physiologie. Berlin 1871. Zit. nach LIEBERMEISTER 1875.

    Google Scholar 

  • Trendelenbubg, P.: Pikrotoxin und verwandte Körper. In: Handbuch der experimentellen Pharmakologie, Bd. II/1, S. 406. Berlin: Springer 1920.

    Google Scholar 

  • Trendelenbubg, P.: Adrenalin und adrenalinverwandte Stoffe. Körpertemperatur. In: Heffters Handbuch der experimentellen Pharmakologie, Bd. II/2, S. 1272. Berlin: Springer 1920.

    Google Scholar 

  • Trendelenburg, AND: Thyroid and hyperglycemia produced by adrenaline and noradrenaline. Brit. J. Pharmacol. 8, 454 (1953).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tscuescmmcunc, J.: Zur Lehre von der tierischen Wärme. Arch. Anat. Physiol. and wiss. Med. 1866. Zit. nach SCHREIBER 1874.

    Google Scholar 

  • Turner, M. L.: The effect of thyroxin and dinitrophenol on the thermal responses to cold. Endocrinology 38, 263 (1946).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ughetti : La febbre, Milano 1893, Deutsch von TEUSCHER, Jena, 1895. Zit. nach LANGLOIS, 1904.

    Google Scholar 

  • Uhr, J. W., and M. W. Brandriss: Delayed hypersensitivity. IV. Systemic reactivity of guinea pigs sensitized to protein antigen. J. exp. Med. 108, 905 (1958).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Uhr, J. W., and A. M. Pappenhedier: Delayed hypersensitivity. III. Specific desensitization of guinea pigs sensitized to protein antigens. J. exp. Med. 108, 891 (1958).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Uytvänck, P. VAN: Recherches sur l’action hyperthermisante du dinitro-a-naphtol chez le pigeon. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 41, 160 (1931a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Uytvänck, P. VAN: Origine périphérique de l’action hyperthermisante du dinitro-a-naphtol sodique chez le pigeon. C. R. Soc. Biol. (Paris) 106, 477 (1931b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Uytvänck, P. VAN: Obsérvations complémentaires concernant le mécanism de l’action hyperthermisante du dinitro-a-naphtol chez le pigeon. C. R. Soc. Biol. (Paris) 107, 1576 (1931 c).

    Google Scholar 

  • Vaclrca, F Amino acids and thermoregulation. Boll. Soc. ital. Biol. sper. 21, 114 (1946).

    Google Scholar 

  • Vainer, H.: Present knowledge on bacterial pyrogens. Microbiologia (Bucuresti) 2, 101 (1957). Ref. Chem. Abstr. 52, 3906 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  • Vaughan, V. C., J. G. Conning and J. H. Wrigirr: Protein fever. Z. Immun.-Forsch. 9, 458 (1911).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Venulet, J., and A. Desperak: Tber die Stoffwechselwirkung eines Lipopolysaccharids aus Escherichia coli. Experientia (Basel) 13, 364 (1957).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Venulet, J., and A. Desperak: The effect of pyrogen from E. coli on the activity of succinic acid dehydrogenase in liver mitochondria. J. Pharm. (Lond.) 12, 656 (1960).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Venulet, J., and A. Desperak: Pyrogenic lipopolysaccharides and liver function. 22. Int. Congr. Physiol. Sci. Leyden 1962, vol. II, abstr. 499.

    Google Scholar 

  • Venulet, J., and A. Desperak: Liver function and pyrogenic response to the lipopolysaccharide from E. coli. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 144, 465 (1963).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Venulet, J., and A. Desperak: Liver function and pyrexia caused by a pyrogen from E. coli, lysergic acid diethyl-amide and dinitrophenol. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 18, 38 (1966).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vernoni, G.: Nuovi fatti e nuove idee sulla febbre. Bull. Schweiz. Akad. med. Wiss. 4, 448 (1948).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Verzar, F.: Die Wirkung intravenöser Kochsalzinfusionen auf den respiratorischen Gaswechsel. Biochem. Z. 34, 41 (1911).

    Google Scholar 

  • Vick, J.: Studies on the trigger mechanism involved in the vascular alteration induced by endotoxin. J. Lab. clin. Med. 56, 953 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  • Villablanca, J., and R. D. Myers: Fever produced by microinjection of thyphoid vaccine into hypothalamus of cats. Amer J Physiol. 208, 703 (1965).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Visscher, M. DE: Rôle de la sécrétion thyroidienne dans l’action métabolique de l’adrénaline. C. R. Soc. Biol. (Paris) 140, 1205 (1946).

    Google Scholar 

  • Visscher, M. DE, and P. Schurmans: Influence de la di-iodothyrosine sur l’action métabolique de l’adrénaline. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 78, 375 (1949).

    Google Scholar 

  • Voces, O.: Weitere Mitteilungen über die intraperitoneale Infektion des Meerschweinchens mit Cholerabakterien. Z. Hyg. Infekt.-Kr. 17, 474 (1894).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vogt, M.: The concentration of sympathin in different parts of the central nervous system under normal conditions and after the administration of drugs. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 123, 451 (1954).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Votava, Z., I. Podvalova and M. Semonsky: Studies on the pharmacology of D-lysergic acid cycloalkylamides. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 115, 114 (1958).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wade, R., and H. W. Jones: Effect of progesterone on mitochondrial adenosinetriphosphatase. J. biol. Chem. 220, 547 (1956).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wagner, R. R.: Production of fever by influenzal viruses. IV. Tolerance to mumps and influenza pyrogens. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 83, 612 (1953).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wagner, R. R., and I. L. Bennett: The production of fever by influenzal viruses. III. Effect of receptor-destroying substances. J. exp. Med. 91, 135 (1950).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wagner, R. R., and I. L. Bennett, and V. S. Lequire: The production of fever by influenzal viruses. I. Factors influencing the febrile response to single injections of virus. J. exp. Med. 90, 321 (1949).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Waksman, B. H.: Specific white cell lysis produced by combination of rabbit antiserum to purified protein (ovalbumin, bovine gamma globulin) with homologous antigen. Rôle of non-precipitating antibody. J. Immunol. 70, 331 (1953a).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Waksman, B. H.: Studies of cellular lysis in tuberculin sensitivity. Amer. Rev. Tuberc. 68, 746 (1953b).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Waksman, B. H.: Cell lysis and related phenomena in hypersensitive reactions, including immunohematologic diseases. Prog. Allergy 5, 349 (1958).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Waksman, B. H.: Toxic effects of antigen-antibody reactions on the cells of hypersensitive reactions. In: Cellular and Humoral Aspects of the Hypersensitive State: A Symposium. Edit.: H. Sherwood Lawrence, p. 123. New York: Hoeber 1959.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walbaum, H.: Hirnbefunde an durch Hirnreizung hyperthermisch gemachten Kaninchen und ihre Beziehungen zur Hyperthermie. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 75, 423 (1941).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walker, J.: A method for the isolation of toxic and immunizing fractions from bacteria of the salmonella group. Biochem. J. 34, 325 (1940).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wallbach, G.: Tiber einige grundsätzilche Probleme der Leukocytose. Ergebn. inn. Med. Kinderheilk. 44, 434 (1932).

    Google Scholar 

  • Watson, D. W.: Host-parasite factors in group A streptococcal infections. Pyrogenic and other effects of immunologic distinct exotoxins related to scarlet fever toxins. J. exp. Med. 111, 255 (1960).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Watson, D. W.: iskussionsbemerkung in: Bacterial endotoxins, p. 563. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  • Watson, D. W., and Y. B. Kim: Modification of host responses to bacterial endotoxins. I. Specificity of pyrogenic tolerance and the role of hypersensitivity in pyrogenicity, lethality and reactivity. J. exp. Med. 118, 425 (1963).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Watson, D. W., and Y. B. Kim: Imunological aspects of pyrogen tolerance. In: Bacterial endotoxins, p. 522. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  • Webb, R. A.: Mechanism of anaphylactic leucopenia in dogs. J. Path. Bact. 27, 79 (1924).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weber, O.: Über Septicämie. Berl. klin. Wschr. 1, 377 (1864a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Weber, O.: Experimentelle Studien über Pyämie, Septicämie und Fieber. Dtsch. Klin 1864b, 461, 473, 485, 493.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weber, O.: Experimentelle Studien über Pyämie, Septicämie und Fieber. Dtsch. Klin 1865, 13, 21, 33, 41, 52, 61.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weber, S.: Versuche über künstliche Einschränkung des Eiweißumsatzes bei einem fiebernden Hammel. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 47, 19 (1902).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weger, P.: Über rein dargestellte, hochwirksame Fieberstoffe. Naturwissenschaften 34, 59 (1947).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weidmann, H., M. Taeschler and H. Konzett: Zur Pharmakologie von Psilocybin, einem Wirkstoff aus Psilocybe mexicana Heim. Experientia (Basel) 14, 378 (1958).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Welch, H., H. O. Calvery, W. T. Mcclosiky and C. W. Price: Method of preparation and test for bacterial pyrogen. J. Amer. pharm. Ass., sci. Ed. 32, 65 (1943).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wells, J. A., and D. P. Ball: Mechanism of pyrogen induced fever. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 68, 421 (1948).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wendt, F., W. I. Cranston, F. Goodale and E. S. Snell: Zur Toleranzentwicklung nach Pyrogeninjektion. Quantitative Bewertung der Fieberreaktion. Verh. dtsch. Ges. inn. Med. 62, 333 (1956).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wendt, F., W. I. Cranston, and E. S. Snell: Die Rolle der Leukocyten in der initialen Reaktion auf bakterielle Pyrogene am Menschen. 5. Kongr. Europ. Ges. Hämatol. 1955, S. 712.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wendt, F., and I. Y. Kim: Über die Pathogenese des Fiebers beim Menschen. I. Verhalten der zirkulierenden neutrophilen Granulocyten nach Injektion von bakteriellem Endotoxin und endogenem Pyrogen. Z. ges. exp. Med. 131, 246 (1959).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wendt, F., E. S. Snell, F. Goodale and W. L. Cranston: Measurements of the human febrile response to a bacterial pyrogen. Clin. Sci. 15, 485 (1956).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Werhovsky, B.: Untersuchungen über die Wirkung erhöhter Eigenwärme auf den Organismus. Beitr. path. Anat. 18, 72 (1895).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wesslen, T.: Passive transfer of tuberculin hypersensitivity by viable lymphocytes from the thoracic duct. Acta tuberc. stand. 26, 38 (1952).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Westphal, O.: Pyrogens. In: Polysaccharides in biology. Georg F. Springer (Edit.), p. 115. New York: Macy 1957.

    Google Scholar 

  • Westphal, O., I. Beckmann, and Hämmerling, B. Jann, K. and O. Lüderitz: Recent investigations on the polysaccharide component of enterobacterial endotoxins (S and R-forms). In: Bacterial endotoxins, p. 1. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  • Westphal, O., D. Hammer, O. Lüderitz, A. Nowotny, E. Eichenberger and F. Goebel: Die Inaktivierung der endotoxischen Lipoid-Komponente (Lipoid A) bakterieller Lipopolysaccharide durch Pferdeserum. Z. Naturforsch. 13b, 571 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  • Westphal, O., and K. Jann: Bacterial lipopolysaccharides. Extraction with phenol-water and further applications of the procedure. Methods in carbohydr. Chem. 5, 83 (1965).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Westphal, O., and O. Lüderitz: Chemische Erforschung von Lipopolysacchariden gramnegativer Bakterien. Angew. Chem. 66, 407 (1954).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Westphal, O., and O. Lüderitz: 3,6-Didesoxy-hexosen-Chemie und Biologie. Angew. Chem. 72, 881 (1960).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Westphal, O., and O. Lüderitz: Chemie bakterieller 0-Antigene. Path. et Microbiol. (Basel) 24, 870 (1961).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Westphal, O., and O. Lüderitz, and F. Bister: Über die Extraktion von Bakterien mit Phenol/Wasser. Z. Naturforsch. 7b, 158 (1952).

    Google Scholar 

  • Westphal, O., and O. Lüderitz, E. Eichenberger and W. Keiderling: V ber bakterielle Reizstoffe. I. Mitt. Beindarstellung eines Polysaccharid-Pyrogens aus Bact. coli. Z. Naturforsch. 7b, 536 (1952).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Westphal, O., and O. Lüderitz, E. Eichenberger, and E. Neter: Chemische Wirkgruppen in bakteriellen Lipopolysaccharid-Reizstoffen. Dtsch. Z. Verdaand- and Stoffwechselkr. 15, 170 (1955).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Westphal, O., and W. Keiderling: Über die Wirkungsweise bakterieller Reizstoffe. Beitrag zur biochemischen Analyse des Entzündungsvorganges. Zbl. Bakt. I. Abt. 158, 152 (1952).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Westphal, O., and W. Keiderling, B. Kickhsfen, E. Eichenberger and W. Keiderling: Exogene und endogene Reizstoffe. Rev. canad. Biol. 12, 289 (1953).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Westphal, O., and W. Keiderling, and A. Staub: V. Bacterial endotoxins. J. med. pharm. Chem. 4, 497 (1961).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Westphal, O., A. Nowotny, O. Lüderitz, H. Hiirni, E. Eichenberger and G. Schönholzer: Die Bedeutung der Lipoid-Komponente (Lipoid A) für die biologischen Wirkungen bakterieller Endotoxine (Lipopolysaccharide). Pharm. Acta Heiv. 33, 401 (1958).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • White, L. R., and R. G. Petersdorf: Species-specificity of endogenous pyrogen in serum. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 114, 567 (1963).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • White, L. R., and R. G. Petersdorf: Quantitative assay of endogenous pyrogen in serum. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 117, 743 (1964).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • White, W. H.: The effect upon the bodily temperature of lesions of the corpus striatum and optic thalamus. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 11, 1 (1890).

    Google Scholar 

  • White, W. H.: On the position and value of those lesions of the brain which cause a rise of temperature. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 12, 233 (1891).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wiedersheim, M., W. Hertlein, E. Husemann, and R. Lötterle: Tber die Pharmakologie von wasserlöslichen Polysacchariden und Polysaccharidderivaten. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 217, 107 (1953).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, G. S., and A. A. Miles: Topley and Wilson’s principles of bacteriology and immunity. London: Arnold 1955.

    Google Scholar 

  • Windle, W. F.: Activities of certain bacterial polysaccharides. Trans. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 14, 159 (1952).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Winter, TH. A., and L. Flataker: The relation between skin temperature and the effect of morphine upon the response to thermal stimuli in the albino rat and the dog. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 109, 183 (1953).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Winternitz, R.: Über Allgemeinwirkungen örtlich reizender Stoffe. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 35, 22 (1895).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wiswell, J. G., and M. G. Brnverntanx: The effects of thyroxine and certain metal ions upon oxydation and phosphorylation in vitro. Endocrinology 61, 153 (1957).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wolff, E. C., and E. G. Ball: The action of thyroxine on oxydation of succinate and maleate. J. biol. Chem. 224, 1083 (1957).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wolff, S. M., M. Rubenstein and J. H. Mulholland: Effect of plasma from normal and endotoxin tolerant humans on endotoxin fever in rabbits. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 117, 766 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolownik-Charkow, B.: Experimentelle Untersuchungen über das Adrenalin. Virchows Arch. path. Anat. 180, 225 (1905).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wood Jr., W. B.: Studies on the cause of fever. New Engl. J. Med. 258, 1023 (1958a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wood Jr., W. B.: The rôle of endogenous pyrogen in the genesis of fever. Lancet 1958 IIb, 53.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wood Jr., W. B.: Die Pathogenese des Fiebers. Triangel (Basel) 5, 101 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  • Woods, J. W., P. Bard and D. L. Glancy: The central site of pyrogenic action of bacterial endotoxin. Bull. Johns Hopk. Hosp. 104, 343 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  • Woons, M. W., M. Landy, J. L. Whitby and D. Burk: Symposium on bacterial endotoxins. III. Metabolic effects of endotoxin on mammalian cells. Baet. Rev. 25, 447 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wuerth, W.: Das Steigen und Sinken der Temperatur nach Verletzung der Wärmezentren unter Berücksichtigung einiger Begleitumstände. Arch. Anat. and Physiol., Phys. Abt. 1911, 447.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wylie, D. W., and J. P. Todd: Examination of the sources and quantitative methods of testing pyrogen. Pharm. J. 161, 161 (1948a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wylie, D. W., and J. P. Todd: An examination of the sources and the quantitative methods of testing pyrogen. Quart. J. Pharm. 21, 240 (1948b).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wylie, D. W., and J. P. Todd: An examination of pyrogen from various sources. J. Pharm. (Lond.) 1, 818 (1949).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ycrci, Y.: Function of vascular counter-current heat exchange in pyrogen-induced fever. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 115, 1014 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  • Yoshioka, M., and A. G. Johnson: Characteristics of endotoxin altering fractions derived from human serum. J. Immunol. 89, 326 (1962).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Youxinns, J. B., and W. H. Trimble: Experimental and clinical studies of ergotamine. III. The effect of ergotamine on the oxygen consumption of normal trained dogs. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 38, 201 (1930).

    Google Scholar 

  • Zahl, P. A., and S. H. Hunter: Temperature factors in the action of certain bacterial endotoxins. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 56, 156 (1944).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zeeeuisen, H.: Beiträge zur Lehre der Immunität und Idiosynkrasie. I. Über den Einfluß der Körpertemperatur auf die Wirkung einiger Gifte an Tauben. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 35, 375 (1895).

    Google Scholar 

  • Zsirai, K.: Über den Zusammenhang zwischen der Wirkungsstärke der pyrogenen Stoffe und dem C-Vitaminspiegel des Blutes. Klin. Wschr. 21, 38 (1942).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zutz, W.: Über die Einwirkung einiger Krampfgifte auf die Körpertemperatur warmblütiger Tiere. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak 38, 397 (1897).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zweifach, B. W.: The relationship between the vascular manifestations of shock produced by endotoxin, trauma, and hemorrhage. I. Certain similarities between the reactions in normal and endotoxin-tolerant rats. J. exp. Med. 106, 385 (1957).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zweifach, B. W., B. Benacerraf and L. Thomas: The relationship between the vascular manifestations of shock produced by endotoxin, trauma, and hemorrhage. II. The possible rôle of the reticulo-endothelial system in resistance to death of shock. J. exp. Med. 106, 403 (1957).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zweifach, B. W., A. L. Nagler and L. Thomas: The rôle of epinephrine in the reactions produced by the endotoxin of gram-negative bacteria. II. The changes produced by endotoxin in the vascular reactivity to epinephrine, in the rat mesoappendix and the isolated, perfused rabbit ear. J. exp. Med. 104, 881 (1956).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1966 Springer-Verlag, Berlin · Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Eichenberger, E. (1966). Fieber und endogene Hyperthermie durch pharmakologische, immunologische und physikalische Maßnahmen. In: Eichenberger, E., Foà, P.P., Grillo, T.A.I., Eichler, O. (eds) Erzeugung von Krankheitszuständen durch das Experiment. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology / Handbuch der experimentellen Pharmakologie, vol 16 / 15. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-99896-6_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-99896-6_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-99898-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-99896-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics