Abstract
After the brief survey of atomic and molecular energy structures in Chaps. 2 and 3 we will now consider radiation and scattering processes by which atoms and molecules change their energy state. The processes are accompanied by the absorption or release of radiation, giving rise to spectra. These spectra can be used to clarify the structure of atoms and molecules and for a wealth of analytical purposes. We will first consider the case of transitions at a frequency corresponding to given energy separations (resonance radiation) and then discuss Rayleigh, Raman and Mie scattering. A detailed presentation of the theory of radiation and scattering processes can be found in [4.1–4.13]. Several of the books on atomic, molecular and quantum mechanics, cited earlier, also discuss this topic in more detail.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
D.J. Jackson: Classical Electrodynamics, 2nd edn. (Wiley, New York 1975)
P. Lorraine, D. Corson: Electromagnetic Fields and Waves, 2nd edn. (Freeman, New York 1970)
F.A. Hopf, G.I. Stegeman: Applied Classical Electrodynamics, Vol. 1: Linear Optics, Vol. 2: Non-Linear Optics (Wiley, New York 1986)
W. Heitler: The Quantum Theory of Radiation, 2nd edn. (Oxford Univer- sity Press, Oxford 1944)
R. Loudon: The Quantum Theory of Light, 2nd edn. (Oxford Science, Oxford 1983)
J.N. Dodd: Atoms and Light Interactions (Plenum, New York 1991)
F.H.M. Faisal: Theory of Multiphoton Processes (Plenum, New York 1987)
H.C. van de Hulst: Light Scattering by Small Particles (Wiley, New York 1957)
H.C. van de Hulst: Multiple Light Scattering, Vols. 1 and 2 (Academic Press, Orlando 1980)
B. Chu: Laser Light Scattering, 2nd edn. (Academic Press, New York 1991)
C.F. Bohren, D.R. Huffman: Absorption and Scattering of Light by Small Particles (Wiley, New York 1983)
M.I. Mishchenko, L.D. Travis, J.W. Hovenier (eds.): Conference on Light Scattering by Nonspherical Particles: Theory, Measurements, and Applications (American Meteorological Society, Boston 1998)
A. Anderson (ed.): The Raman Effect, Principles and The Raman Effect, Applications (Dekker, New York 1971 and 1973)
D.A. Long: Raman Spectroscopy (McGraw-Hill, New York 1977)
J.F. Ferraro, K. Nakamoto: Introductory Raman Spectroscopy (Academic Press, London 1994)
A. Einstein: On the quantum theory of radiation. Phys. Z. 18, 124 (1917)
T.F. Gallagher, W.E. Cooke: Interaction of blackbody radiation with atoms. Phys. Rev. Lett. 42, 835 (1979)
J. Farley, W.H. Wing: Accurate calculation of dynamic Stark shifts and depopulation rates of Rydberg energy levels induced by blackbody radiation. Hydrogen, helium and alkali-metal atoms. Phys. Rev. A 23, 2397 (1981)
D. Kleppner: Turning off the vacuum, Phys. Rev. Lett. 47, 233 (1981)
R.G. Hulet, E.S. Hilfer, D. Kleppner: Inhibited spontaneous emission by a Rydberg atom. Phys. Rev. Lett. 55, 2137 (1985)
W. Jhe, A. Anderson, E.A. Hinds, O. Meschede, L. Moi, S. Haroche: Suppression of spontaneous decay at optical frequencies: Test of vacuum-field anisotropy in confined space. Phys. Rev. Lett. 58, 666 (1987)
S. Haroche, J.M. Raimond: Advances in Atomic and Molecular Physics 20, 350 (Academic, New York 1985) J.A.C. Gallas, G. Leuchs, H. Walther, H. Figger: ibid., p.414
P. Goy, J.M. Raimond, M. Gross, S. Haroche: Observation of cavityenhanced single-atom spontaneous emission. Phys. Rev. Lett. 50, 1903 (1983)
D.F. Walls, G.J. Milburn: Quantum Optics (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 1994)
L. Mandel, E. Wolf: Optical Coherence and Quantum Optics (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1995)
M.O. Scully, M.S. Zubairy: Quantum Optics (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1997)
J.D. Harvey, D.F. Walls (eds.): Quantum Optics IV, Springer Proc. Phys., Vol. 12 (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 1986)
J.D. Harvey, D.F. Walls (eds.): Quantum Optics V, Springer Proc. Phys., Vol. 41 (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 1989)
D.F. Walls, J.D. Harvey (eds.): Quantum Optics VI, Springer Proc. Phys., Vol. 77 (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 1994)
E.R. Pike, S. Sarkar (eds.): Frontiers in Quantum Optics (Hilger, Bristol 1986)
E.R. Pike, H. Walther (eds.): Photons and Quantum Fluctuations (Hilger, Bristol 1988)
P. Aileystre, M. Sargent III: Elements of Quantum Optics, 2nd edn. (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 1991)
J.H. Eberly, L. Mandel, E. Wolf (eds.): Coherence and Quantum Optics VI (Plenum, New York 1989)
J.H. Eberly, L. Mandel, E. Wolf (eds.): Coherence and Quantum Optics VII (Plenum, New York 1996)
R. Hanbury-Brown, R.Q. Twiss: Correlation between photons in two coherent beams of light. Nature 177, 27 (1956)
L. Mandel: Fluctuations of photon beams and their correlations. Proc. Phys. Soc. 72, 1037 (1958)
R. Glauber: The quantum theory of optical coherence. Phys. Rev. 130, 2529 (1963)
R. Glauber: Coherent and incoherent states of the electromagnetic field. Phys. Rev. 131, 2766 (1963)
H.J. Kimble, M. Dagenais, L. Mandel: Photon anti-bunching in resonance fluorescence. Phys. Rev. Lett. 39, 691 (1976)
D.F. Walls: Evidence for the quantum nature of light. Nature 280, 451 (1979)
R. Loudon: Non-classical effects in the statistical properties of light. Rep. Prog. Phys. 43, 913 (1980)
P. Meschede, H. Walther, G. Müller: One-atom maser. Phys. Rev. Lett. 54, 551 (1985)
S. Haroche, J.M. Raimond: Cavity quantum electrodynamics. Sci. Am. 268 (4), 26 (1993)
G. Raitel, Ch. Wagner, H. Walther, L.M. Narducci, M.O. Scully: The
P.R. Berman (ed.): Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics (Academic Press, Boston 1994)
D. Meschede: Radiating atoms in confined space: From spontaneous emission to micromasers. Phys. Rep. 211, 201 (1992)
H. Walther: Atoms in cavities and traps. Adv. At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 32, 379 (1994)
K. An, J.J. Childs, R.R. Dasari, M.S. Feld: Microlaser: A laser with one atom in an optical resonator. Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 3375 (1994)
M.S. Feld, K.W. An: The single-atom laser. Sci. Am. 279 (1), 40 (1998)
D.F. Walls: Squeezed states of light. Nature 306, 141 (1983)
G. Leuchs: Squeezing the quantum fluctuations of light. Contemp. Phys. 29, 299 (1988)
R.E. Slusher, B. Yurke: Squeezed light. Sci. Am. 258 (5), 50 (1988)
R.E. Slusher, L.W. Hollberg, B. Yurke, J.C. Mertz, J.F. Valley: Observation of squeezed states generated by four-wave mixing in an optical cavity. Phys. Rev. Lett. 55, 2409 (1985)
L.A. Wu, H.J. Kimble, J.L. Hall, H. Wu: Generation of squeezed states by parametric down-conversion. Phys. Rev. Lett. 57, 2520 (1986)
J. Opt. Soc. Am. 4, 1450 (1987) (Feature Issue)
C. Fabre: Squeezed states of light. Phys. Rep. 219, 215 (1992)
J. Dietrich: Realizing LIGO. Engineering and Science 64 (2), 8 (1998)
G. Herzberg: Molecular Spectra and Molecular Structure, I. The Spectra of Diatomic Molecules (Van Nostrand, Princeton, NJ 1963)
H. Inaba: In Laser Monitoring of the Atmosphere, ed. by E.D. Hinkley, Topics Appl. Phys., Vol. 14 (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 1976)
C.K. Sloan: J. Phys. Chem. 59, 834 (1955)
A. Dalessio, A. Di Lorenzo, A.F. Serafim, F. Beretta, S. Masi, C. Venitozzi: Soot formation in methane-oxygen flames. 15th Int. Symp. On Combustion (The Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh 1975) p. 1427
A. DAlessio, A. Di Lorenzo, A. Borghese, F. Beretta, S. Masi: Study of the soot nucleation zone of rich methane-oxygen combustion. 16th Int. Symp. on Combustion (The Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh 1977) p. 695
H.M. Nussenzveig: The theory of the rainbow. Sci. Am. 236 /4, 116 (1977)
D.K. Lynch: Atmospheric haloes. Sci. Am. 238 (4), 144 (1978)
A.B. Fraser, W.H. Mach: Mirages. Sci. Am. 234 (1), 102 (1976)
W. Tape: The topology of mirages. Sci. Am. 252(6), 100 (1985) D.J.K. OConnel: The green flash. Sci. Am. 202(1), 112 (1960) H.C. Bryant, N. Jarmie: The glory. Sci. Am. 231 (1), 60 (1974)
J. Walker (ed.): Light from the Sky, Reprint collection (Scientific American) (Freeman, San Francisco 1980)
R. Greenler: Rainbows, Haloes and Glories (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1980)
D.K. Lynch, W. Livingstone: Color and Light in Nature (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1995)
NI. Mimaert: Light and Color in the Outdoors (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 1995)
I. Shimamura, K. Takayanagi (eds.): Electron-Molecule Collisions (Plenum, New York 1984)
G.F. Drukarev: Collisions of Electrons with Atoms and Molecules (Plenum, New York 1987)
F. Brouillard (ed.): Atomic Processes in Electron-Ion and Ion-Ion Collisions, NATO ASI Series, Vol. 145 (Plenum, New York 1987)
J.M. Bowman (ed.): Molecular Collision Dynamics, Topics in Current Phys., Vol. 33 (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 1983)
U. Fano, A.R.P. Rau: Atomic Collisions and Spectra (Academic Press, New York 1986)
P. Schattschneider: Fundamentals of Inelastic Electron Scattering (Springer, Wien 1986)
J. Eichler, W.E. Meyerhof: Relativistic Atomic Collisions (Academic Press, San Diego 1995)
N. Anderssen, K. Bartschat: Complete experiments in electron-atom collisions. In: Advances in Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics, Vol. 36, ed. by B. Bederson, H. Walther (Academic Press, San Diego 1996) p. 1 Y. Itikawa, K. Okonu, H. Tanaka, A. Yagashita, M. Matsuzawa (eds.): The Physics of Electronic and Atomic Collisions. Proc. XXI Conference (AIP, Melville, NY 2000)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2001 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Svanberg, S. (2001). Radiation and Scattering Processes. In: Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy. Springer Series on Atomic, Optical, and Plasma Physics, vol 6. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-98107-4_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-98107-4_4
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-98109-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-98107-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive