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Zusammenfassung

Aufgrund des Fehlens einheitlicher Definitionen, der Unzulänglichkeit der diagnostischen Methoden im Säuglings- und Kleinkindalter und der häufig uncharakteristischen Symptomatik in den ersten Lebensjahren, schwanken die Angaben über die Häufigkeit des Asthma bronchiale erheblich. Nach Angaben der WHO (1974) leiden 2% aller Kinder an Asthma. Andere Untersuchungen, die jedoch retrospektiver Art waren, geben eine Asthmainzidenzrate von 5–10% bei Kindern unter 2 Jahren an (Williams u. McNicol 1969; Dees 1969). Nach einer Zusammenstellung von Gregg (1977) variieren die Zahlen in der Literatur auch aufgrund regionaler und sozioökologischer Gegebenheiten in den einzelnen Ländern, in denen die Studien durchgeführt wurden. So werden für Skandinavien Inzidenz-raten zwischen 0,5 und 2%, für Großbritanien und für die Vereinigten Staaten zwischen 1,5 und 5,1% und für Australien sogar zwischen 5,4 und 7,4% angegeben. In einer Longitudinalstudie aus dem Jahre 1978, in der alle 17000 Kinder einbezogen wurden, die innerhalb 1 Woche im März des Jahres 1958 in England, Wales und Schottland geboren worden waren (Peckham u. Butler 1978), waren nach Angaben der Eltern, der Lehrer und nach den bei einer Schuluntersuchung erhobenen Daten bei 3,5% der Kinder im Alter von 11 Jahren die Kriterien für ein Asthma gegeben. Bei 8,8% bestanden zum gleichen Befragungs- und Untersuchungszeitpunkt in der Anamnese Hinweise für rezidivierende obstruktive Bronchitiden in der frühen Kindheit.

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Reinhardt, D. (1996). Epidemiologie. In: Asthma bronchiale im Kindesalter. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-97658-2_2

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