Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Anästhesiologie pp 831–852Cite as

Polytraumatisierte Patienten

  • Chapter

  • 45 Accesses

Zusammenfassung

Von Tscherne u. Trentz [180] wurde die folgende Definition des Polytraumas vorgeschlagen: „Es handelt sich um eine gleichzeitige Verletzung mehrerer Körperregionen oder Organsysteme, wobei wenigstens eine Verletzung oder die Kombination mehrerer Verletzungen lebensbedrohlich ist.“ Klinisch hat sich bewährt, in diese Definition auch Patienten mit schweren Verletzungen nur einer Körperregion einzubeziehen, z. B. ein isoliertes schweres Schädel-Hirn-Trauma oder ein isoliertes schweres Thoraxtrauma. Die Problematik im Rahmen der Erstversorgung ist die gleiche, außerdem können zusätzliche Verletzungen anderer Körperregionen in der Regel nicht ausgeschlossen werden. Wichtig ist festzuhalten, daß die Diagnose Polytrauma per definitionem eine akute Lebensbedrohung beinhaltet.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Literatur

  1. Adams JH (1992) Head Injury. In: Adams JH, Duchen LW (eds) Greenfield’s neuropathology. Arnold, London, pp 106–152

    Google Scholar 

  2. Aitkenhead AR (1988) Anaesthesia and the gastrointestinal system. Eur J Anaesth 5: 73–112

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Albanese J, Durbec O, Viviand X, Potie F, Alliez B, Martin C (1993) Sufentanil increases intracranial pressure in patients with head trauma. Anesthesiology 79: 493–497

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Algotsson L, Messeter K, Rosén I, Holmin T (1992) Effects of nitrous oxide on cerebral haemodynamics and metabolism during isoflurane anaesthesia in man Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 36: 46–52

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Artru AA (1983) Relationship between cerebral blood flow volume and CSF pressure during anesthesia with halothane or enflurane in dogs. Anesthesiology 58: 533–539

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Artru AA (1984) Relationship between cerebral blood volume and CSF pressure during anesthesia with isoflurane or fentanyl in dogs. Anesthesiology 60: 575–579

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Attenhofer C, Vuilliomenet A, Richter M, Kaufmann U, Metzger U, Bertel O (1992) Contusio cordis: Pathologische Befunde and klinischer Verlauf. Schweiz Med Wochenschr 122: 1593–1599

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Batjer HH (1993) Cerebral protective effects of etomidate: experimental and clinical aspects. Cerebrovasc Brain Metab Rev 5: 17–32

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Baum V (1991) Anesthetic complications during emergency noncardiac surgery in patients with documented cardiac contusions. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 5: 57–60

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Baxt WG, Moody P (1987) The differential survival of trauma patients. J Trauma 27: 602–606

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Bednarczyk EM, Rutherford WF, Leisure GP, Munger MA, Panacek EA, Miraldi FD, Green JA (1990) Hyperventilation-induced reduction in cerebral blood flow: assessment by positron emission tomography. Ann Pharmacother 24: 456–459

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Berger AJ, Mitchell RA, Severinghaus JW (1977) Regulation of respiration. N Engl J Med 297: 92–97

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Bouma GJ, Muizelaar JP, Bandoh K, Marmarou A (1992) Blood pressure and intracranial pressure-volume dynamics in severe head injury: relationship with cerebral blood flow. J Neurosurg 77: 15–19

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Bouma GJ, Muizelaar JP, Choi SC, Newlon PG, Young HF (1991) Cerebral circulation and metabolism after severe traumatic brain injury. The elusive role of ischemia. J Neurosurg 75: 685–693

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Braakman R, Schouten HJA, Minderhoud JM (1982) Megadose steroids in comatose head injured patients — a prospective double-blind trial. International Conference on Recent Advances in Neurotraumatology, Edinburgh, 20.-22. September

    Google Scholar 

  16. Braughler JM, Hall ED (1985) Curret application of „ high-dose“ steroid therapy for CNS injury. J Neurosurg 62: 806–810

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Brooks SW, Young JC, Cmolik B, Schina M, Dianzumba S, Townsend RN, Diamond DL (1992) The use of transesophageal echocardiography in the evaluation of chest trauma. J Trauma 32: 761–765

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Brown DL (1987) Anesthetic agents in trauma surgery: are there differences? Int Anesthesiol Clin 25 /1: 75–90

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Brussel T, Aken H van, Fitsch W (1992) Veränderungen des zerebralen Metabolismus and des zerebralen Blutflusses unter Halothan and Isofluran in steigenden Konzentrationen. Anästhesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 27: 414–420

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Büttner W (1985) Besonderheiten bei der Erstversorgung polytraumatisierter Kinder. Anästh Intensivmed 26: 213–220

    Google Scholar 

  21. Calder I, Ordman AJ, Jackowski A, Crockard HA (1990) The Brain laryngeal mask airway. An alternative to emergency tracheal intubation. Anaesthesia 45: 137–139

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Chan KH, Miller JD, Dearden NM, Andrews PJ, Midgley S (1992a) The effect of changes in cerebral perfusion pressure upon middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity and jugular bulb venous oxygen saturation after severe brain injury. J Neurosurg 77: 55–61

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Chan KH, Dearden NM, Miller JD, Midgley S, Piper IR (1992b) Transcranial doppler waveform differences in hyperemic and nonhyperemic patients after severe head injury. Surg Neurol 38: 433–436

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Clifton GE, Robertson CS, Kyper K, Taylor AA, Dhekne RD, Grossman RG (1983) Cardiovascular response for severe head injury. J Neurosurg 59: 447–454

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Cold GE (1989) Does acute hyperventilation provoke cerebral oligaemia in comatose patients after acute head injury? Acta Neurochir (Wien) 96: 100–106

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Cold GE (1990) Cerebral blood flow in acute head injury. The regulation of cerebral blood flow and metabolism during the acute phase of head injury, and its significance for therapy. Acta Neurochir [Suppl] 49: 1–66

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Cole D, Shapiro H, Drummond J, Zivin J (1989) Halo-thane, fentanyl/nitrous oxide, and spinal lidocaine protect against spinal cord injury in the rat. Anesthesiology 70: 967–972

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Cooper KR, Boswell PA, Choi SC (1985) Safe use of PEEP in patients with severe head injury. J Neurosurg 63: 552–555

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Cotev S, Paul WL, Ruiz BC, Kuck EJ, Modell JH (1981) Positive endexpiratory pressure (PEEP) and cerebrospinal fluid pressure during normal and elevated intracranial pressure in dogs. Intensive Care Med 7: 187

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Cowley RA, Trump BF (1982) Pathophysiology of shock, anoxia and ischemia. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore London

    Google Scholar 

  31. Cowley RA, Hudson F, Scanlan E, Blumenfeld W (1973) An economical and proved helicopter program for transporting the emergency critically ill and injured patient in Maryland. J Trauma 13: 1029–1038

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Cruz J, Miner ME, Allen SJ, Alves WM, Gennarelli TA (1991) Continuous monitoring of cerebral oxygenation in acute brain injury: assessment of cerebral hemodynamic reserve. Neurosurgery 29: 743–749

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Czernicki Z, Walecki J (1990) Evaluation of oedema spreading and intracranial volume reserve using CT image numerical analysis. Acta Neurochir 51: 407–408

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Czosnyka M, Price DJ, Williamson M (1994) Monitoring of cerebrospinal dynamics using continuous analysis of intracranial pressure and cerebral perfusion pressure in head injury. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 126: 113–119

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Dangel P (1986) Das polytraumatisierte Kind. Erstbehandlung in der Klinik. In: Ahnefeld FW, Seeling W (Hrsg) Der Risikopatient in der Anaesthesie. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo (Anaesthesiologie and Intensivmedizin, Bd 181, S 243–262

    Google Scholar 

  36. Dannewitz SR, Lilja GP, Ruiz E (1981) Effect of pneumatic trousers on intracranial pressure in hypovolemic dogs with an intracranial mass. Ann Emerg Med 10: 176

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Darby JM, Yonas H, Marion DW, Latchaw RE (1988) Local „inverse steal“ induced by hyperventilation in head injury. Neurosurgery 23: 84–88

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Dearden NM, Gibson JS, McDowall DG, Gibson RM, Cameron MM (1986) Effect of high-dose dexamethasone on outcome from severe head injury. J Neurosurg 64: 81–88

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Demling RH (1993) Adult respiratory distress syndrome: current concepts. New Horizons 1: 388–401

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Devitt JH, McLean RF, Koch JP (1991) Anaesthetic management of acute blunt thoracic trauma. Can J Anaesth 38: 506–510

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Devitt JH, McLean RF, McLellan BA (1993) Peri-operative cardiovascular complications associated with blunt thoracic trauma. Can J Anaesth 40: 197–200

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Dick W, Gervais H (1986) Analgesie and Anästhesie bei Notfallpatienten. Anästh Intensivmed 27: 116

    Google Scholar 

  43. Ducey JP, Deppe AS, Foley FT (1989) A comparison of the effects of suxamethonium, atracurium, and vecuronium on intracranial hemodynamics in swine. Anaesth Intensive Care 17: 448–455

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Enderson BI, Rice CL (1990) In: Moore EE (ed) Early care of the injured patient. American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma. Decker, Toronto Philadelphia

    Google Scholar 

  45. Eng C, Lam AM, Mayberg TS, Lee C, Mathisen T, (1992) The influence of propofol with and without nitrous oxide on cerebral blood flow velocity and CO2 reactivity in humans Anesthesiology 77: 872–879

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Engelhardt D, Doenicke A, Suttmann H, Küpper FJ, Braun S, Müller OA (1984) Der Einfluß von Etomidat and Thiopental auf den ACTH- and Cortisolspiegel im Serum. Anästhesist 33: 583–587

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Erbel R, Engberding R, Daniel W, Roelandt J, Visser C, Rennollet H (1989) Echocardiography in diagnosis of aortic dissection. Lancet 1: 457–461

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Faist E, Baue AE, Dittmer H, Heberer G (1983) Multiple organ failure in polytrauma patients. J Trauma 23: 775–787

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Feldman Z, Kanter MJ, Robertson CS, Contant CF, Hayes C, Sheinberg MA, Villareal CA, Narayan RK, Grossman RG (1992) Effects of head elevation on intracranial pressure, and cerebral blood flow in head-injured patients. J Neurosurg 76: 207–211

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Felleiter P (1988) Hypokaliämie bei Polytraumatisierten. Med. Dissertation, Universität Ulm

    Google Scholar 

  51. Fessier RD, Diaz FG (1993) The management of cerebral perfusion pressure and intracranial pressure after severe head inury. Ann Emerg Med 22: 998

    Google Scholar 

  52. Foglia RP, Lazar HL, Steed DL, Follette DM, Manganaro AJ, DeLand EC, Buckberg GD (1978) latrogenic myocardial edema with crystalloid primes: effects on left ventricular compliance, performance and perfusion. Surg Forum 29: 312

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Fortune JB, Feustel PJ, Weigle CGM, Popp AJ (1994) Continuous measurement of jugular venous oxygen saturation in response to transient elevations of blood pressure in head-injured patients. J Neurosurg 80: 461–468

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Fowkes FGR, Lunn JN, Farrow SC (1982) Epidemiology in anaesthesia. III. Mortality risk in patients with coexisting physical disease. Br J Anaesth 54: 819–825

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Fox J, Gelb AW, Enns J, Murkin JM, Farrar JK, Manninen PH (1992) The responsiveness of cerebral blood flow to changes in arterial carbon dioxide is maintained during propofol-nitrous oxide anesthesia in humans Anesthesiology 77: 453–456

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Frink EJ, Malan TP, Atlas M, Dominguez LM, Di Nardo JA, Broewn BR (1992) Clinical comparison of sevoflurane and isoflurane in healthy patients. Anesth Analg 74: 241–245

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. From RP, Warner DS, Todd MM, Sokoll MD (1990) Anesthesia for craniotomy: a double-blind comparison of alfentanil, fentanyl, and sufentanil. Anesthesiology 73: 896–904

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Frost EAM (1990) Anesthesia for neurosurgical emergencies. In: Annual Refresher Course of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, Las Vegas, p 114

    Google Scholar 

  59. Gaab MR, Dietz H et al. (1994) „Ultrahigh“ Dexamethasone in acute brain injury. Results from a prospective randomized double-blind multicenter trial (the GUDHIS-Trial/German Ultrahigh Dexamethasone Head Injury Study). J Neurosurg (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  60. Gammel SA (1991) Management of acute spinal cord injury. In: Faust RJ (ed) Anesthesiology Review. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh London New York, pp 343–344

    Google Scholar 

  61. Ganzoni AM, Reuff U, Stampe D, Körner K, Kilian J (1978) Mikroaggregate im gelagerten Blut: Vergleichende Untersuchungen an Vollblut und buffy-coatfreiem Erythrocytenkonzentrat. Anästhesist 27: 115–118

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Geisler FH (1988) Acute management of cervical spinal cord injury. Md Med J 37: 525–530

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Glinz W (1985) Management of thoracic trauma. In: Vincent JL (ed) Update in intensive care and emergency medicine. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo (Anaesthesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Bd 178, pp 210–214)

    Google Scholar 

  64. Gotta AW (1991) Management of the compromised and traumatized airway. In: Annual Refresher Course of the American Society of Anesthesiology, San Francisco

    Google Scholar 

  65. Groben V, Jantzen JP (1988) Schädel-Hirn-Trauma mit konsekutivem Lungenödem. Notfallmedizin 14: 378–388

    Google Scholar 

  66. Hähnel J, Konrad F, Kogel H (1992) Brochoskopie zur Erstversorgung nach schwerem Thoraxtrauma–grundsätzlich indiziert? Anästhesist 41: 408–413

    Google Scholar 

  67. Hansen TD, Warner DS, Todd MM, Vust LJ (1989) Effects of nitrous oxide and volatile anesthetics on cerebral blood flow. Br J Anaesth 63: 290–295

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Hauck RW, Erdmann E (1992) Herzbeteiligung bei stumpfem Thoraxtrauma. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 117: 829–834

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Herregods L, Verbeke J, Rolly G, Colardyn F (1988) Effects of propofol on elevated intracranial pressure. Anaesthesia 43S: 107–109

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Hevroy O, John A, Bertnaes L (1990) Influence of artificial ventilation and PEEP on pulmonary gas exchange and oxygen uptake. In: Wendt M, Lawin P (eds) Oxygen transport in the critically ill patient. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo, pp 35–43

    Google Scholar 

  71. Hobbhan J, Conzen P, Goetz A, Vogel H, Peter K (1985) Isofluran heute–Ergebnisse experimenteller Untersuchungen. In: Bergman H, Fitzal S, Steinbereithner K, Wiethoff EO, Zimpfer M (Hrsg) Isofluran–Standort und Perspektiven. Maudrich, Wien München Berlin (Anaesthesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Bd 14, S 19–44)

    Google Scholar 

  72. Hoffmann P, Schockenhoff B, Wauquier A (1986) Intrakranieller Druck und Kreislaufparameter bei erhöhtem endexspiratorischen Druck (PEEP). Möglichkeiten medikamentöser Beeinflussung. Anästhesist 35: 721–733

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Hoffmann W, Pelligrino D, Werner C, Kochs E, Albrecht R, Schulte am Esch J (1992) Ketamine decreases plasma catecholamines and improves outcome from incomplete ischemia in rats. Anesthesiology 76: 755–762

    Google Scholar 

  74. Inthorn D, Huf R (1992) Das Thoraxtrauma beim Mehrfachverletzten. Anästhesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 27: 498–501

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Jaggi JL, Obrist WD, Gennarelli TA, Langfitt TW (1990) Relationship of early cerebral blood flow and metabolism to outcome in acute head injury. J Neurosurg 72: 176–182

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. James HE (1993) The management of head injury in children. Neurosurgery 3: 272–282

    Google Scholar 

  77. Karimi-Nejad A, Richard KE (1992) SchädelHirn-Trauma: Sekundäre Hirnschädigungen. Anästhesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 27: 492–497

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Kashimoto S, Doursout MF, Hartley C, Chelly JE (1993) Effects of thiopental and ketamine on cardiac function during moderate hemorrhage in chronically instrumented rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 21: 829–833

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Keferstein RD (1992) Abdominaltrauma. Anästhesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 27: 501–505

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Kitaguchi K, Ohsumi H, Kuro M, Nakajima T, Hayashi Y (1993) Effects of sevoflurane on cerebral circulation and metabolism in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Anesthesiology 79: 704–709

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Klose R, Hartung H-J, Kotsch R, Walz T (1982) Experimentelle Untersuchungen zur intrakraniellen Drucksteigerung durch Ketamine beim hämorrhagischen Schock. Anästhesist 31: 33–38

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Kovarik WD, Lam AM, Slee TA, Mathisen TL (1991) The effect of succinylcholine on intracranial pressure, cerebral blood flow velocity and electroencephalogram in patients with neurologic disorders. Anesthesiology 75 [Suppl]: A207

    Google Scholar 

  83. Kramer GC, Perron PR, Lindsey C, Syotto BS, Gunther RA, Boyle WA, Holcroft JW (1986) Small volume resuscitation with hypertonic saline dextran solution. Surgery 100: 239–247

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Kreimeier U, Frey L, Messmer K (1993) Small volume resuscitation. Curr Opin Anaesth 6: 400–408

    Google Scholar 

  85. Kreimeier U, Messmer K (1987) Die Wirkung hyperosmolarer und hyperonkotischer Lösungen auf die Organdurchblutung bei Hypotension und Schock. Anästhesist [Suppl] 36: 3

    Google Scholar 

  86. Lam AM, Winn HR, Cullen BF, Sundling N (1991) Hyperglycemia and neurological outcome in patients with head injury. J Neurosurg 75: 545–551

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Landauer B (1981) Zur Frage des Blutdruckanstiegs nach künstlicher Hypotension. Anästh Intensivmed 22: 276–282

    Google Scholar 

  88. Lang DA, Teasdale GM, Macpherson P, Lawrence A (1994) Diffuse brain swelling after head injury: more often malignant in adults than children. J Neurosurg 80: 675–680

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Larsen R, Maurer I, Khambatta H (1988) Wirkungen von Isofluran und Enfluran auf die zerebrale Hämodynamik und den zerebralen Sauerstoffverbrauch des Menschen. Anästhesist 37: 173–181

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Lawson N (1991) Use of inotropes and vasopressors. In: ASA Annual Refresher Course Lectures. American Society of Anesthesiologists, San Francisco, p 114

    Google Scholar 

  91. Lippman M, Appel PL, Mok MS, Shoemaker WS (1983) Sequential cardiorespiratory patterns of anesthetic induction with Ketamine in critically ill patients. Crit Care Med 11: 730–734

    Google Scholar 

  92. Lodrini S, Montolivo M, Pluchino F, Borroni V (1989) Positive End-Expiratory Pressure in Supine and Sitting Positions: Its Effects on Intrathoracic and Intracranial Pressures. Neurosurgery 24: 873–877

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Lotz P (1985) Pathophysiologie der akuten respiratorischen Insuffizienz. In: Encke A, Heberer G (Hrsg) Chirurgische Intensivmedizin Urban & Schwarzenberg, München Wien Baltimore

    Google Scholar 

  94. Lundsgaard-Hansen P, Tschirren B (1980) Die Verwendung von Plasmaersatzmitteln und Albumin im Rahmen der Komponententherapie. In: Ahnefeld FW, Bergmann H, Burri C, Dick W, Halmagyi M, Hossli G, Rügheimer E (Hrsg) Therapie mit Blutkomponenten, Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York (Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Bd 21, S 120)

    Google Scholar 

  95. Madler C: Reanimation bei Polytrauma und Schock (1990) In: Sefrin P (Hrsg) Klinische und Experimentelle Notfallmedizin 10. Grenzsituationen im Rettungsdienst. Zuckschwerdt, München Bern Wien San Francisco, S 78–81

    Google Scholar 

  96. Madsen JB, Cold GE (1990) The effects of anaesthetics upon cerebral circulation and metabolism, Springer, Wien New York

    Google Scholar 

  97. Marmarou A (1991) Impact of ICP instability and hypotension on outcome in patients with severe head trauma. J Neurosurg 75: 59–66

    Google Scholar 

  98. Marmarou A, Holdaway R, Ward JD, Yoshida K, Choi SC, Muizelaar JP, Young HF (1993) Traumatic brain tissue acidosis: experimental and clinical studies. Acta Neurochir [Suppl] 57: 160

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Marsh ML, Aidinis SJ, Naughton KVH, Marshall LF, Shapiro HM (1979) The technique of nitroprusside administration modifies the intracranial pressure response. Anesthesiology 51: 538–541

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Marshall LF, Becker DP, Bowers SA et al. (1983) The National Traumatic Coma Data Bank: Part 1. Design, purpose, goals, and results. J Neurosurg 59: 276–284

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Marx W, Shah N, Long C, Arbit E, Galicich J, Mascott C, Mallya K, Bedford R (1989) Sufentanil, alfentanil and fentanyl: impact on cerebrospinal fluid pressure in patients with brain tumors. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 1: 3–7

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Mayberg TS, Lam AM, Eng CC, Laohaprasit V, Winn HR (1993) The effect of alfentanil on cerebral blood flow velocity and intracranial pressure during isoflurane-nitrous oxide anesthesia in humans. Anesthesiology 78: 288–294

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Mayer N, Weinstabl C, Podreka I, Spiss CK (1990) Sufentanil does not increase cerebral blood flow in healthy human volunteers. Anesthesiology 73: 240–243

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. McCammon RL (1986) Prophylaxis for aspiration pneumonitis. Can Anaesth Soc J 33: S47

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. McGraw CP (1989) A cerebral perfusion pressure greater than 80 mmHg is more beneficial. In: Hoff JT, Betzh AI (eds) Intracranial pressure VII. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo, pp 839–841

    Google Scholar 

  106. Meixensberger J, Brawanski A, Danhauser-Leistner I, Holzschuh M, Ullrich W (1993) Is there a risk to induce ischemia by hyperventilation therapy? In: Intracranial pressure VIII. Avezaat CJJ, Van Eijndhoven JIM, Maas AIR, Tans JThJ (eds) Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo, pp 589–591

    Google Scholar 

  107. Merlo F, Demo P, Moretti T, Digito A, Barbacini S, Visentin M, Landi A (1993) Propofol vs. thiopental for the control of elevated ICP in head injured patients. In: Avezaat CJJ, Van Eijndhoven JIIM, Maas AIR, Tans JTJ (eds) Intracranial pressure VIII. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo, pp 629–631

    Google Scholar 

  108. Meschino A, Devitt JH, Schwartz ML, Koch JP (1981) The safety of awake tracheal intubation in cervical spine injury. Can J Anaesth 35: 131–132

    Google Scholar 

  109. Michenfelder JD (1988) Anesthesia and the brain. Clinical, functional, metabolic, and vascular correlates. Churchill Livingstone, New York

    Google Scholar 

  110. Midle-Newberg L (1990) Cerebral protection. In: Cucciara RF, Michenfelder JD (eds) Clinical neuro-anesthesia. Livingstone, New York Edingburgh London Melbourne

    Google Scholar 

  111. Milde LN (1992) Clinical use of mild hypothermia for brain protection. A dream revisited. J Neurosurg Anesth 4: 211–215

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Modig J (1986) Effectiveness of dextran 70 versus ringer’s acetate in traumatic shock and adult respiratory distress. Crit Care Met 14: 454–457

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. Mondejar EF, Mata GV, Navarro PN, Fernandez AR, Torres Ruiz JM, Carazo E (1992) Increase in lung volume originated by extrinsic PEEP in patients with auto-PEEP. The role of static lung compliance. Intensive Care Med 18: 269–273

    Google Scholar 

  114. Morgan DB, Young RM (1982) Acute transient hypokalemia: new interpretation of a common event. Lancet 11: 751–752

    Google Scholar 

  115. Moss E, McDowall DG (1979) ICP increases with 50% nitrous oxide in oxygen in severe head injuries during controlled ventilation. Br J Anaesth 51: 757–761

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. Muizelaar JP, Lutz HA III, Becker DP (1984) Effects of mannitol on intracranial pressure and cerebral blood flow and correlation with pressure autoregulation in severe head-injured patients. J Neurosurg 61: 700–706

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. Muizelaar JP, Marmarou A, Ward JD, Kontos HA, Choi SC, Becker DP, Gruemer H, Young HF (1991) Adverse effects of prolonged hyperventilation in patients with severe head injury: A randomized clinical trial. J Neurosurg 75: 731–739

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. Muizelaar JP, Schröder ML (1994) Overview of monitoring of cerebral blood flow and metabolism after severe head injury. Can J Neurol Sci 21: S 6–11

    Google Scholar 

  119. Mulroy MF (1991) Indications and contraindications for regional anesthesia. In: Annual Refresher Course of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, San Francisco, p 532

    Google Scholar 

  120. Mutz N, Neumann M, Hörmann Ch, Koller W, Putensen Ch, Putz G, Benzer H (1990) Verlauf des extravaskulären Lungenwassers (EVLW) bei schwer-verletzten Intensivpatienten mit und ohne Thorax-trauma. Anästhesist 39: 535–539

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. Muzzi DA, Losasso TJ, Dietz NM, Faust RJ, Cucchiara RF, Milde LN (1992) The effect of desflurane and isoflurane on cerebrospinal fluid pressure in humans with supratentorial mass lesions. Anesthesiology 76: 720–724

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. Nau R, Sander D, Klingelhöfer J (1992) Relationships between dopamine infusions and intracranial hemodynamics in patients with raised intracranial pressure. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 94: 143–148

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. Nichols BJ, Cullen BF (1988) Anesthesia for trauma. J Clin Anesth 1: 115–129

    Google Scholar 

  124. Noppeney T, Quick D, Flesch R (1986) Der Alkohol–bedeutsam im Rahmen alltäglicher Verletzungen. Klinikarzt 15: 161–173

    Google Scholar 

  125. Nunn JF (1978) Applied respiratory physiology. Butterworth, London Boston

    Google Scholar 

  126. Obertacke U, Kleinschmidt C, Dresing K, Bardenheuer M, Bruch J (1993) Wiederholbare Routinebestimmung der pulmonal-mikrovaskulären Permeabilität nach Polytrauma. Unfallchirurg 96: 142

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  127. Ornstein E, Young WL, Fleischer LH, Ostapkovich N (1993) Desflurane and isoflurane have similar effects on cerebral blood flow in patients with intracranial mass lesions. Anesthesiology 79: 498–502

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  128. Pagliarello G (1993) The pulmonary artery (Swan-Ganz) catheter. Evaluation of a hemodynamic monitoring device in critical care medicine. Int J Technol Assess Health Care 9: 202–209

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  129. Papoz L, Weill J, Hoste J, Chich Y, Got C, Goehrs Y (1986) Biological markers of alcohol intake among 4796 subjects injured in accidents. Br J Med 292: 1234–1237

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  130. Parma A, Calappi E, Massei R, Caroli M, Egidi M, Balbi S, Arienta C, Granata G (1993) Influence of isoflurane on cerebrospinal fluid pressure and cerebral blood flow velocity. In: Avezat CJJ, Van Eijndhoven JHM, Maas AIR, Tans JTJ (eds) Intra-cranial pressure V III. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York

    Google Scholar 

  131. Paulson OB, Waldemar G, Schmidt JF, Strandgaard S (1989) Cerebral circulation under normal and pathologic conditions. Am J Cardiol 63:2C–5C

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  132. Pennant JH, Pace NA, Gajraj NM (1992) Use of the laryngeal mask airway in the immobilized cervical spine. Anesthesiology 77 [Suppl]: A 1063

    Google Scholar 

  133. Pfenninger E, Kilian J (1984) Die Oberkörper-Hochlagerung bei akutem Schädel-Hirn-Trauma. Anästhesist 33: 115–120

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  134. Pfenninger E, Buckle H (1985) Tierexperimentelle Studie zum Verhalten des erhöhten intrakraniellen Druckes unter Nitroglycerin-und Urapidilinfusion. Anästhesist [Suppl] 34: 282

    Google Scholar 

  135. Pfenninger E, Grünert A, Kilian J (1986) Untersuchungen zum Verhalten des intrakraniellen Druckes unter Spontanatmung oder Beatmung im hämorrhagischen Schock während Volumensubstitution. Anästhesist 35: 485–490

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  136. Pfenninger E (1988) Das Schädel-Hirn-Trauma. Klinische und tierexperimentelle Untersuchungen zur Pathogenese sowie zu neuen Behandlungsansätzen. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo (Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Bd 203)

    Google Scholar 

  137. Pfenninger E (1991a) Adrenalin-und Noradrenalinausschüttung unmittelbar nach einem akuten SchädelHirn-Trauma sowie daraus resultierende metabolische Veränderungen. Anaesthesiol Reanimat 16: 243

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  138. Pfenninger EG, Lindner KH (1991b) Arterial blood gases in patients with acute head injury at the accident site and upon hospital admission. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 35: 148–152

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  139. Pianim NA, Liu SY, Dubecz S, Klein SR, Bongard FS (1993) Tissue oxygenation in hypovolemic shock. J Surg Res 55: 338

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  140. Piek J, Chestnut RM, Marshall LF, Van Berkum-Clarke M, Klauber MR, Blunt BA, Eisenberg HM, Jane JA, Marmarou SA, Foulkes MA (1992) Extracranial complications of severe head injury. J Neurosurg 77: 901

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  141. Pinaud M, Lelausque JN, Chetanneau A, Fauchoux N, Nenegall D, Souron R (1990) Effects of propofol on cerebral hemodynamics and metabolism in patients with brain trauma. Anesthesiology 73: 404–409

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  142. Putensen Ch, Waibel U, Koller W, Putensen-Himmer G, Beck E, Benzer H (1990) Das akute Lungenversagen nach Thoraxtrauma. Anästhesist 39: 530–534

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  143. Rackow EC, Falk JL (1984) Colloid and crystalloid fluid resuscitation. In: Shoemaker WC, Thomson WL, Holbrook PR (eds) Textbook of critical care. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 733–745

    Google Scholar 

  144. Reed G, Devous M (1985) Cerebral blood flow auto-regulation and hypertension. Am J Med Sci 289: 37–44

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  145. Reich DL, Silvay G (1989) Ketamine: an update on the first twenty-five years of clinical experience. Can J Anaesth 36: 186–197

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  146. Rhee KJ, Green W, Holcreft JW, Mangili JAA (1990) Oral intubation in the multiply injured patient: The risk of exacerbating spinal cord damage. Ann Emerg Med 19: 511–514

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  147. Robertson CS, Contant CF, Gokaslan ZL, Narayan RK, Grossman RG (1992) Cerebral blood flow, arteriovenous oxygen difference and outcome in head injured patients. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 55: 594–603

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  148. Rosner MJ, Daughton S (1990) Cerebral infusion pressure management in head injury. J Trauma 30: 933–941

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  149. Roux A, Lourens L, Richards E (1993) Contribution of preoperative investigations to the anaesthetic management of adult trauma patients. Injury 24: 17

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  150. Scheidegger A, Lundsgaard-Hansen P, Kupfer K, Stirnemann H (1979) Hypoproteinämie als Ursache eines postoperativen „interstitiellen“ paralytischen Ileus. Chirurg 50: 16–20

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  151. Scheller M, Nakakimura K, Fleischer J (1990) Cerebral effects of sevoflurane in the dog: comparison with isoflurane and enflurane. Br J Anaesth 65: 388–392

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  152. Schmidt U, Frame SB, Nerlich ML, Rowe DW, Enderson BL, Maull KI, Tscherne H (1992) On-scene helicopter transport of patients with multiple injuries–Comparison of a German and an American system. J Trauma 33: 548–555

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  153. Schmitz JE, Ahnefeld FW, Grünert A, Kilian J, Dick W (1982) Verringert frühzeitige Intubation am Unfallort posttraumatische respiratorische Komplikationen? Notfallmedizin 8: 892–900

    Google Scholar 

  154. Schmocker JD, Zhunag J, Shackford SR (1991) Hypertonic fluid resuscitation improves cerebral oxygen delivery and reduces intracranial pressure after hemorrhagic shock. J Trauma 31: 1607–1613

    Google Scholar 

  155. Schubert A (1992) Should mild hypothermie be routinely used for human cerebral protection? The flip side. J Neurosurg Anesth 4: 216–220

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  156. Schuhmacker PT, Samsel RW (1989) Oxygen delivery and uptake by peripheral tissues: Physiology and pathophysiology. Crit Care Clin 5: 255–269

    Google Scholar 

  157. Schulte am Esch J (1980) Anästhesiologische Probleme nach Klinikaufnahme. Krankenhausarzt 53: 819–825

    Google Scholar 

  158. Sefrin P (1981) Polytrauma and Stoffwechsel. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York (Anaesthesiologie and Intensivmedizin, Bd 135)

    Google Scholar 

  159. Sefrin P (1993) Current level of prehospital care in severe head injury - potential for improvement. Acta Neurochir [Suppl] 57: 141

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  160. Seyde WC, Longnecker DE (1984) Anesthetic influences on regional hemodynamics in normal and hemorrhaged rats. Anesthesiology 61: 686–698

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  161. Shackford SR, Mackersie RC, Davis JW, Wolf PL, Hoyt DB (1989) Epidemiology and pathology of traumatic deaths occuring at a level I trauma center in a regionalized system: The importance of secondary brain injury. J Trauma 29: 1392–1397

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  162. Shapira Y, Artru AA, Lam AM (1992) Ketamine decreases cerebral infarct volume and improves neurological outcome following experimental head trauma in rats. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 4: 231–240

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  163. Shapiro HM, Marshall LF (1978) Intracranial pressure respones to PEEP in head-injured patients. J Trauma 18: 254

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  164. Sheinberg M, Kanter MJ, Robertson CS, Contant CF, Narayan RK, Grossman RG (1992) Continuous monitoring of jugular venous oxygen saturation in head-injured patients. J Neurosurg 76: 212–217

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  165. Shibata K, Yamamoto Y, Murakami S (1989) Effects of epidural anesthesia on cardiovascular response and survival in experimental hemorrhagic shock in dogs. Anesthesiology 71: 953–959–1070

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  166. Shuptrine JR, Auffant RA, Gal TJ (1984) Cerebral and cardiopulmonary responses to high-frequency jet ventilation and conventional mechanical ventilation in a model of brain and lung injury. Anesth Analg 63: 1065

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  167. Siegel JH, Gens DR, Mamantov T, Geisler FH, Goodarz S, Mackenzie EJ (1991) Effect of associated injuries and blood volume replacement on death, rehabilitation needs, and disability in blunt traumatic brain injury. Crit Care Med 19: 1252–1265

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  168. Siesjö BK (1992) Pathophysiology and treatment of focal cerebral ischemia. Part I: Pathophysiology. J Neurosurg 77: 169–184

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  169. Skahen S, Shapiro HM, Drummond JC, Todd MM, Zelman V (1986) Nitrous oxide withdrawal reduces intracranial pressure in the presence of pneumocephalus. Anesthesiology 65: 192–195

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  170. Sparks MB, Burchard KW, Marrin CAS, Bean CHG, Nuget jr WC, Plehn JF (1991) Transesophageal echocardiography. Preliminary results in patients with traumatic aortic rupture. Arch Surg 126: 711–714

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  171. Sperry RI, Bailey PL, Reichman MV, Peterson JC, Petersen PB, Pace NL (1992) Fentanyl and sufentanil increase intracranial pressure in head trauma patients. Anesthesiology 77: 416–420

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  172. Spilker ED, Kilian J (1981) Organisation der klinischen Erstversorgung von Polytraumatisierten. Notfallmedizin 7: 551–556

    Google Scholar 

  173. Stephan H, Gröger P, Weyland A, Hoeft A, Sonntag H (1991) Einfluß von Sufentanil auf Hirndurchblutung. Hirnstoffwechsel und die CO2-Reaktivität der menschlichen Hirngefäße. Anästhesist 40: 153–160

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  174. Stephan H, Sonntag H, Schenk HD, Kohlhausen S (1987) Einfluß von Disoprivan (Propofol) auf die Durchblutung und den Sauerstoffverbrauch des Gehirns und die CO2-Reaktivität der Hirngefäße beim Menschen. Anästhesist 36: 60–65

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  175. Stirt JA, Grosslight KR, Bedford RF, Vollmer D (1987) Defasciculation wtih metocurine prevents succinylcholine-induced increases in intracranial pressure. Anesthesiology 67: 50–53

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  176. Stone DJ (1990) Spinal cord injury. In: Sperry RJ, Stirt JA, Stone DJ (eds) Manual of neuroanesthesia. Becker, Toronto Philadelphia

    Google Scholar 

  177. Suderman VS, Crosby ET, Lui A (1991) Elective oral tracheal intubation in cervical spine-injured adults. Can J Anaesth 38: 785–789

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  178. Tommasino C, Todd MM, Moore S, Toutan SM, Shapiro HM (1983) The effect of isovolemic hemodilution with colloid or cristalloid on brain water content. Anesthesiology 59 [Suppl]: A361

    Google Scholar 

  179. Trunkey D (1991) Current concepts: initial treatment of patients with extensive trauma. N Engl J Med 324: 1259–1267

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  180. Tscherne H, Trentz O (1977) Mehrfachverletzungen. In: Heberer G (Hrsg) Lehrbuch der Chirurgie. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, S 235

    Google Scholar 

  181. Unterberg A, Kiening K, Schmieder P, Lanksch W (1993) Long term observations of intracranial pressure after severe head injury. The phenomenon on secondary rise of intracranial pressure. Neurosurgery 32: 17–23

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  182. Vassar MJ, Perry CA, Gannaway WL, Holcroft JW (1991) 7.5% Sodium chloride/dextran for resuscitation of trauma patients undergoing helicopter transport. Arch Surg 126: 1065–1072

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  183. Wallraf R, Weiss A (1981) Diagnostik intraabdomineller Organverletzungen bei schweren und mehrfachverletzten Kindern mit Schädel-Hirn-Trauma. Z Kinderchir [Suppl] 33: 63

    Google Scholar 

  184. Weinstabl C, Mayer N, Hammerle AF, Spiss CK (1990) Effekte von Propofolbolusgaben auf das intrakranielle Druckverhalten beim Schädel-Hirn-Trauma. Anästhesist 39: 521–524

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  185. Weinstabl C, Mayer N, Richling MV, Czech T, Spiss CK (1991) Effects of sufentanil on intracranial pressure in head trauma patients. Anesthesiology 77: 416–420

    Google Scholar 

  186. Weiskopf RB, Townsley MI, Riordan KK (1981) Comparison of cardiopulmonary responses to graded hemorrhage during enflurane, halothane, isoflurane, and ketamine anesthesia. Anesth Analg 60: 481–491

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  187. Weiskopf RB, Bogetz MS, Roizen MF, Reid IA (1984) Cardiovascular and metabolic sequelae of inducing anesthesia with ketamine or thiopental in hypovolemic swine. Anesthesiology 60: 214–219

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  188. Weiskopf RB, Cahalan MK, Eger EI, Yasuda N, Rampil IJ, Jonescu P, Lockhardt SH, Johnson BH, Freire B, Kelley S (1991) Cardiovascular effects of deflurane in normocarbic humans. Anesth Analg 74: 143–156

    Google Scholar 

  189. Werner C, Hoffman WE, Baughman VL, Albrecht RF, Schulte am Esch JS (1991) Effects of sufentanil on cerebral blood flow, cerebral blood flow velocity, and metabolism in dogs. Anesth Analg 72: 177–181

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  190. Werner C, Hoffman WE, Kochs E, Schulte am Esch J (1992) Der Einfluß von Sufentanil auf die regionale und globale Hirndurchblutung und den zerebralen Sauerstoffverbrauch beim Hund. Anästhesist 41: 34–38

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  191. Werner C, Kochs E, Hoffman WE, Bischoff P, Schulte am Esch J (1992) Sufentanil does not change cerebral hemodynamics and ICP in head injured patients. J Neurosurg Anesth 4: 313

    Google Scholar 

  192. White BC, Krause GS (1993) Brain injury and repair mechanisms: the potential for pharmacologic therapy in closed-head trauma. Ann Emerg Med 22: 970–979

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  193. White RJ, Likavec MJ (1992) The diagnosis and initial management of head injury. N Engl J Med 327: 1507–1511

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  194. Wiesemes R, Peters J (1993) Stellenwert der gemischt-venösen Sauerstoffsättigung fir die perioperative Überwachung und Therapie. Eine kritische Bestandsaufnahme. Anästhesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 28: 269–278

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  195. Wolf AL, Levi L, Marmarou A, Ward JD, Muizelaar PJ, Choi S, Young H, Rigamonti D, Robinson WL (1993) Effect of THAM upon outcome in severe head injury: A randomized prospective clinical trial. J Neurosurg 78: 54–59

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  196. Wolff G, Dittmann M, Frede KE (1978) Klinische Versorgung des Polytraumatisierten. Indikationsprioritäten und Therapieplan. Chirurg 49: 737–744

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  197. Wood PR, Lawler PG (1992) Managing the airway in cervical spine injury. A review of the advanced trauma life support protocol Anaesthesia 47: 792–797

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  198. Wright SW, Robinson II GG, Wright MB (1992) Cervical spine injuries in blunt trauma patients requiring emergent endotracheal intubation. Am J Emerg Med 10: 104–109

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  199. Yukioka H, Tazikao L, Kitahara S (1985) Intravenous lidocaine as a suppressant of coughing during tracheal intubation. Anesth Analg 64: 1189–1192

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  200. Zandstra DF, Stoutenbeek CP (1988) Monitoring differential CO2 excretion during differential lung ventilation in asymmetric pulmonary contusion. Clinical implications. Int Care Med 14: 106–109

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  201. Zink PM, Samii M (1991) Die Diagnostik und operative Versorgung des Schädel-Hirn-Traumas im Rahmen der Polytraumaversorgung. Unfallchirurg 94: 122–128

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. J. Kilian
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. E. Pfenninger
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für experimentelle Anästhesiologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Bereich Poliklinik, Pettenkoferstr. 8 a, D-80336, München, Deutschland

    Alfred Doenicke

  2. Zentrum Anästhesiologie, Rettungs- und Intensivmedizin, Universität Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, D-37070, Göttingen, Deutschland

    Dietrich Kettler

  3. Universitätsklinik für Anästhesiologie, LKH Graz, Auenbruggerplatz, A-8036, Graz, Österreich

    Werner F. List

  4. Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Operative Intensivmedizin, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Straße 40, D-06097, Halle (Saale), Deutschland

    Joachim Radke

  5. Institut für klinische Anästhesiologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, D-40001, Düsseldorf, Deutschland

    Jörg Tarnow

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1995 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Kilian, J., Pfenninger, E. (1995). Polytraumatisierte Patienten. In: Doenicke, A., Kettler, D., List, W.F., Radke, J., Tarnow, J. (eds) Anästhesiologie. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-97553-0_32

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-97553-0_32

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-97554-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-97553-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation