Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Principal Types of Crystal Structures

  • Chapter
Structure of Crystals

  • 456 Accesses

Abstract

At present more than a hundred thousand of crystal structures are known. They can be classified according to definite features of their enormous diversity. First of all, we shall consider the structures of elements in which different types of bonds are encountered, since these structures most prominently display the crystallo chemical properties of the atoms of a given element; these properties are very often inherited by the structures formed by compounds of these atoms as well.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 74.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. J. Donohue: The Structures of the Elements (Wiley, New York 1974)

    Google Scholar 

  2. K. Vainshtein: Sovremennaya kristallografiya. T.I. Simmetriya kristallov. Metody strukturnoi kristallografiya (Nauka, Moscow 1979) [English transl.: Modern Crystallography I. Symmetry of Crystals, Methods of Structural Crystallography, Springer Ser. Solid-State Sci., Vo1.15 (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 1981)

    Google Scholar 

  3. B.K. Vainshtein: Fundamentals of Crystals, Modern Crystallography 1 (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 1994)

    Google Scholar 

  4. R. Sinclair, G. Thomas: J. Appl. Crystallogr. 8,206 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  5. D.W.J. Cruickshank: 2nd Europ. Crystallographic Meeting, Keszthely, Hungary (1974) Abstracts

    Google Scholar 

  6. H. Schulz, K. Schwarz: Acta Crystallogr. A 34,999 (1978)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  7. I.D. Brown, R.D. Shannon: Acta Crystallogr. A 29,266 (1973)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  8. I.D. Brown: Chem. Soc. Rev. 7, 359 (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  9. S.M. Stishov, N.V. Belov: Dokl. Akad. Nauk USSR 143(4),951 (1961)

    Google Scholar 

  10. N. Thong, D. Scharzenbach: Acta Crystallogr. A 35, 658 (1979)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  11. N. Thong, D. Schwarzenbach: 5th Europ. Crystallographic Meeting, Copenhagen (1979) Abstracts p.348

    Google Scholar 

  12. L. Bragg, G.F. Claringbull: Crystal Structure of Minerals (Bell, London 1965)

    Google Scholar 

  13. N.Y. Belov: Kristallokhimiya silikatov s krupnymi kationami (Izd-vo Acad. Nauk, Moscow 1961) [English transl.: Crystal Chemistry of Large Cation Silicates (Consultants Bureau, New York 1965)]

    Google Scholar 

  14. N.V. Belov: Ocherki po strukturnoi mineralogii (essays on structural mineralogy) (Nedra, Moscow 1976)

    Google Scholar 

  15. V.V. Ilyukhin, V.L. Kuznetsov, A.N. Lobachev, V.S. Bakshutov: Gidrosilikaty kal’tsiya (Potassium hydrosilicates. Synthesis of single crystals and crystal chemistry) (Nauka, Moscow 1979)

    Google Scholar 

  16. N.I. Golovastikov, R.G. Matveeva, N.V. Belov: Kristallografiya 20(4), 721 (1975) [English transl.: Sov. Phys. — Crystallogr. 20,441 (1976)]

    Google Scholar 

  17. F. Libau: Acta Crystallogr. 12, 180 (1959)

    Google Scholar 

  18. R.K. Rastsvetaeva, V.I. Simonov, N.V. Belov: Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 117,832 (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  19. B.B. Zvyagin: Elektronografiya i strukturnay kristallografiya glinistykh mineralov (Nauka, Moscow 1964) [English transl.: Electron Diffraction Analysis of Clay Mineral Structures (Plenum, New York 1967)

    Google Scholar 

  20. V.A. Drits, B.A. Sakharov: Trudy Geol. Inst. Acad. Nauk SSSR 295,3 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Guan-Ya-sian, V.I. Simonov, N.Y. Belov: Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 149, 1416 (1963)

    Google Scholar 

  22. W.L. Roth, F. Reidinger, S. La Place: Superionic Conductors (Plenum, New York 1976) p.223

    Google Scholar 

  23. W.F. Kuhs, E. Perenthaler, H. Schulz, U. Zucker: 6th Europ. Crystallographic Meeting, Barcelona, Spain (1980) Abstracts p.229

    Google Scholar 

  24. H. Krebs: Grundzüge der anorganischen Kristallchemie (Enke, Stuttgart 1968)

    Google Scholar 

  25. N.N. Sirota, E.M. Gololobov, A.U. Sheleg, N.M. Olekhnovich: Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR Neorg. Mater. 2, 1673 (1965)

    Google Scholar 

  26. L. Pauling, M.L. Huggins: Z. Kristallogr. 87,205 (1934)

    Google Scholar 

  27. R.M. Imamov, S.A. Semiletov, Z.G. Pinsker: Kristallografiya 15, 287 (1970) [English transl.: SOY. Phys. — Crystallogr. 15,239 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  28. S.A. Semiletov: Kristallografiya 21(4),752 (1976) [English transl.: Sov. Phys. — Crystallogr. 21, 426 (1976)]

    Google Scholar 

  29. E. Mooser, W.B. Pearson: Phys. Rev. 10,492 (1956)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  30. L. Pauling: The nature of bonds of transient metals with bioorganic and other compounds, in Itogi i perspektivity razvitiya bioorganicheskoi khimii i molekulyarnoi biologii (the results and future of the development of bioorganic chemistry and molecular biology), ed. by Yu. Ovchinnikov, M.N. Kolosov (Nauka, Moscow 1978) p.3 (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  31. V.G. Kuznetsov, P.A. Kozmin: Zh. Strukt. Khim 4,55 (1963)

    Google Scholar 

  32. A. Simon: Structure and bonding with alkali metal suboxides, in Inorganic Chemistry and Spectroscopy, Structure and Bonding, Vol.36 (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 1979) p.81

    Google Scholar 

  33. J.D. Dunitz, L.E. Orgel, A. Rich: Acta Crystallogr. 9,373 (1956)

    Google Scholar 

  34. AJ. James, W.G. Karle: Science 139, 106 (1963)

    Google Scholar 

  35. I.L. Karle, J. Karle: Acta Crystallogr. 16,969 (1963)

    Google Scholar 

  36. F.L. Hirschfeld, S. Sandler, G.M.J. Schmidt: J. Chem. Soc. 4,2108 (1963)

    Google Scholar 

  37. R.L. Avoyan, A.I. Kitaigorodsky, Yu.T. Struchkov: Zh. Strukt. Khim. 5, 420 (1964)

    Google Scholar 

  38. J. Preuss, A. Gieren: Acta Crystallogr. B 31,1276 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  39. I.L. Dubchak, V.E. Shklover, M.M. Levitsky, A.A. Zhdanov, Ju.T. Struchkov: Zh. Strukt. Khim, 21(6), 103 (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  40. S. Abrahamsson, D.C. Hodgkin, E.N. Maslen: Biochem. J. 86, 514 (1963)

    Google Scholar 

  41. A.I. Kitaigorodsky: Organicheskaya kristallokhimiya (organic crystal chemistry) (Izd-vo Akad. Nauk SSSR, Moscow 1955)

    Google Scholar 

  42. V.K. Bel’sky, P.M. Zorky: Krisallografiya 15(4), 704 (1970) [English transl.: Sov. Phys. — Crystallogr. 15,607 (1971)]

    Google Scholar 

  43. V.K. Be’lsky, P.M. Zorky: Acta Crystallogr. A 33, 1004 (1977)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  44. P.M. Zorky, V.K. Be’lsky, S.G. Lazareva, M.A. Porai-Koshits: Zh. Strukt. Khim. 8, 312 (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  45. P.M. Zorky, V.K. Bel’sky: The structure of the crystals of tolane and its structural analogs, in Kristallografiya i mineralogiya (crystallography and mineralogy) Trudy fedorovskoi yubileinoi sessii, Leningrad 1966 (Publ. Leningradskogo Gornogo In-ta, Leningrad 1972) (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  46. A.I. Kitaigorodsky: Molekulyarnye kristally (molecular crystals) (Nauka, Moscow 1971)

    Google Scholar 

  47. R.P. Shibaeva, V.F. Kaminsky: Kristallografiya 23, 1183 (1978) [English transl.: Sov. Phys. — Crystallogr. 23, 669 (1978)]

    Google Scholar 

  48. A.A. Shevyrev, L.A. Muradzhan, V.I. Simonov: JETP Lett. 30, 107 (1979)

    Google Scholar 

  49. V.I. Smirnova, L.N. Zeibot, N.E. Zhukhlistova, G.N. Tishchenko, V.I. Andrianov: Kristallografiya 21, 525 (1976) [English transl.: Sov. Phys. — Crystallogr. 21,291 (1976)]

    Google Scholar 

  50. B.K. Vainshtein, G.M. Lobanova, G.V. Gurskaya: Kristallografiya 19(3), 531 (1974) [English transl.: Sov. Phys. — Crystallogr. 19,329 (1975)]

    Google Scholar 

  51. P.J. Fagan, M.D. Ward: Sci. Am. 267, 14 (July 1992)

    Google Scholar 

  52. M.A. Cuevas-Diarte, N.B. Chanh, Y. Haget: Mat. Res. Bull. 22, 985 (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  53. R.P. Daubeny, C.W. Dunn, L. Brown: Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) A 226, 531 (1954)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  54. C.W. Dunn: Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) 180,40–66 (1942)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  55. C. Lelliott, E.D.T. Atkins, J W. R. Juritz, A.M. Stephen: Polymer 19, 363 (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  56. A. Keller: The morphology of crystalline polymers, in Chimica delle Macromolecole, corso Estivo tenute a Verrena, Villa Monstero (1961)

    Google Scholar 

  57. V.A Marikhin, L.P. Myasnikova: Nadmolekulyarnaya struktura polimerov (the supramolecular structure of polymers) (Khimiya, Leningrad 1977)

    Google Scholar 

  58. A. Keller: J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Symp. 51, 7 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  59. G. Friedel: Ann. Phys. 19, 273 (1922)

    Google Scholar 

  60. L.A Shuvalov, A.A. Urusovskaya, I.S. Zheludev, A.V. Zalesskii, B.N. Grechushnikov, I.G. Chistyakov, S.A. Semiletov: Sovremennaya kristallography T.4, Fizicheskiye svoistva kristallov (Nauka, Moscow 1981) [English transl.: Modern Crystallography IV, Physical Properties of Crystals, Springer Ser. Solid-State Sci., Vol.37 (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 1988)

    Google Scholar 

  61. B.K. Vainshtein, I.G. Chistyakov: Pramana Suppl. No.1, 79 (1975) [15th Int’l Conf. on Liquid Crystal, Raman Research Inst., Bangalore]

    Google Scholar 

  62. W.R. Krigbaum, Y. Chatani, P. Barber: Acta Crystallogr. B 26, 97 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  63. S. Chandrasekhar, B.K. Sadashiva, K.A. Suresh, N.V. Madhusudana, S. Kumar, R. Shashidhar, G. Venkatesh: J. Physique Colloq. C 3, 40, Suppl.4, 121 (1979)

    Google Scholar 

  64. S. Chandrasekhar: Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 63, 171 (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  65. H. Gasqaroux: Mol. Cryst. Lip. Cryst. 63,231 (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  66. B.K. Vainshtein, E.A. Kosterin, I.G. Chistyakov: Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 199 (2),323 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  67. B.K. Vainshtein I.G. Chistyakov E.A. Kosterin V.M. Chaikovsky Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 1742 341 (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  68. C. Brink-Shoemaker, D.W.J. Cruickshank, D.C. Hodgkin, M.J. Kamper, D.P. Ming: Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) A 278, 1 (1964)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  69. G.V. Gurskaya: Struktury aminokislot (Nauka, Moscow 1966) [English transl.: The Molecular Structure of Amino Acids (Consultants Bureau, New York 1968)]

    Google Scholar 

  70. G.N. Tishchenko: The structure of linear and cyclic oligopeptides in crystals, in Itogi Nauki i Tekhniki. Ser. Kristallokhimiya (Advances in science and technology. Crystal chemistry), Vo1.13 (VINITI, Moscow 1979) p.189 (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  71. B.K. Vainshtein, L.I. Tatarinova: Kristallografiya 11, 562 (1966) [English Transl.: Sov. Phys. — Crystallogr. 11,494 (1966)]

    Google Scholar 

  72. L. Pauling, R.B. Corey: Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) B 141, 10 (1953)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  73. G.N. Tishchenko, Z. Karimov, B.K. Vainshtein, A. V. Evstratov, V.T. Ivanov, Yu.A. Ovchinnikov: FEBS Lett. 65 (3), 315 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  74. F.A. Momany, L.M. Carruthers, H.A. Sherage: J. Phys. Chem. 78,1621 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  75. G.N. Ramachandran, V. Sasiserharan: Adv. Protein Chem. 23, 283 (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  76. L. Pauling, R.B. Corey, H.R. Branson: Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 37, 205 (1951)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  77. D.W. Fawcett: The Cell, its Organelles and Inclusions. An Atlas of Fine Structure (Saunders, Philadelphia 1966)

    Google Scholar 

  78. V.V. Barynin, B.K. Vainshtein, O.N. Zograf, S.Ya. Karpukhina: Mol. Biol. (Moscow) 13, 1189 (1979) [English transl.: Mol. BioI. USSR 13,922 (1979)]

    Google Scholar 

  79. J.C. Kendrew: Science 139, 1259 (1963)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  80. J.C. Kendrew, R.E. Dickerson, B.E. Stranberg, R.G. Hart, D.R. Davies, D.C. Phillips, V.C. Shore: Nature 185,422 (1960)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  81. H. Frauenfelder, G.A Petsko, D. Tsernoglou: Nature 280, 558 (1979)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  82. M.F. Perutz: Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) B 173,113 (1969)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  83. M.F. Perutz: Sci. Am. 239, 92 (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  84. M.F. Perutz: J. Mol. Biol. 13,646 (1965)

    Google Scholar 

  85. B.K. Vainshtein, E.H. Harutyunyan, I.P. Kuranova, V.V. Borisov, N.I. Sofenov, A.G. Pavlovsky, A.I. Grebenko, N.V. Konareva: Nature 254, 163 (1975)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  86. E.H. Harutyunyan, I.P. Kuranova, B.K. Vainshtein, W. Steigemann: Kristallografiya 25,80 (1980) [English transl.: Sov. Phys. — Crystallogr. 25,43 (1980)]

    Google Scholar 

  87. R.E. Dickerson: Sci. Am. 226,58 (April 1972)

    Google Scholar 

  88. M. Levine, H. Muirhead, D.K. Stammers, D.J. Stuart: Nature 271, 626 (1978)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  89. J.S. Richardson: Nature 268, 495 (1977)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  90. I.I. Weber, L.N. Johnson, K.S. Wilson; D.G.R. Yeates, D.L. Wild, J.A. Jenkins: Nature 274, 433 (1978)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  91. D.W. Banner, A.C. Bloomer, G.A. Petsko, D.C. Phillips, C.I. Pogson, L.A Wilson, P.H. Corran, A.J. Furth, J.D. Milman, R.E. Offord, J.D. Priddle, S.G. Waley: Nature 255, 609 (175)

    Google Scholar 

  92. J.S. Richardson, K.A. Thomas, B.H. Rubin, D.C. Richardson: Proc. Nat’l Acad. Sci. USA 72, 1349 (1975)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  93. M. Levitt, C. Chothia: Nature 261,552 (1976)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  94. B.K. Vainshtein, V.P. Melik-Adamyan, V.V. Barynin, A.A. Vagin, A.I. Grebenko: Krystallografiya 26, 1003 (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  95. C. Chotia, M. Levitt, D. Richardson: Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 74, 4130 (1977)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  96. B.W. Mattheus, P.B. Sigler, R. Henderson, D.M. Blow: Nature 214, 652 (1967)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  97. M.J. Adams, M. Buchner, K. Chandrasekhar, G.C. Ford, M.L. Hackert, A Liljas, P.Jr. Lentz, S.T. Rao, M.G. Rossmann, I.E. Smiley, J.L. White: In Protein — Protein Interactions, Colloquium Gesellschaft für Biologische Chemie, Mosbach, Baden, Vol.23 (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 1972)

    Google Scholar 

  98. V.V. Borisov, S.N. Borisova, N.I. Sosfenov, A.A. Vagin, Yu.V. Nekrasov, B.K. Vainshtein, V.M. Kochkin, A.E. Braunshtein: Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 250, 988 (1980) [English transl.: Sov. Phys. — Dokl. Biochem. 250,45 (1980)]

    Google Scholar 

  99. B.K. Vainshtein, V.R. Melik-Adamyan, V.Y. Barynin, V.V. Vagin, A.I. Grebenko: Nature 293, 411 (1981)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  100. A. Liljas, M.G. Rossmann: Ann. Rev. Biochem. 43, 475 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  101. W.N. Lipscomb: Acc. Chem. Res. 3, 81–89(1970)

    Google Scholar 

  102. N.S. Andreeva, A.A. Fedorov, A.E. Gushchina, R.R. Riskulov, N.E. Schutzkever, M.G. Safro: Mol. BioI. Moscow 12, 922 (1978) [English transl.: Mol. BioI. USSR 12, 704 (1978)]

    Google Scholar 

  103. O.B. Ptitsyn, A.V. Finkelshtein: Europ. Biochem. Soc. Congr., Dresden (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  104. D.C. Phillips: Sci. Am. 217, 78 (1966)

    Google Scholar 

  105. B.W. Matthews, S.Y. Remingtone: Proc. Nat’l Acad. Sci. USA 71, 4178 (1974)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  106. V.V. Borisov, S.N. Borisova, G.S. Kachalova, N.I. Sosfenov, B.K. Vainshtein, Yu.M. Torchinsky, A.E. Braunshtein: J. Mol. Biol. 125,275 (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  107. V.L. Tsuprun. N.A. Kiselev, B.K. Vainshtein: Kristallografiya 23, 743 (1978) [English transl.: Sov. Phys. — Crystallogr. 23,417 (1978)]

    Google Scholar 

  108. N.A. Kiselev, E.Y. Orlova, V.Ya. Stel’mashchuk: Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 246, 1508 (1979) [English transl: Sov. Phys. — Dokl. Biophys. 246, 118 (1979)]

    Google Scholar 

  109. D.J. De Rosier, R.M. Oliver: Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 36, 199 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  110. R. Henderson, P.N. Unwin: Nature 257, 28 (1975)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  111. R.E. Franklin, R.G. Gosling: Acta Crystallogr. 8, 151 (1955)

    Google Scholar 

  112. M.H.F. Wilkins, A.R. Stokes, H.R. Wilson: Nature 171,739 (1953)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  113. F.H.C. Crick, J.D. Watson: Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) A 223,80 (1954)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  114. R. Langridge, W.E. Seeds, H.R. Wilson, C.W. Hooper, M.H.F. Wilkins, L.D. Hamilton: J. Biophys. Biochem. Cytol. 3,767 (1957)

    Google Scholar 

  115. EJ. O’Brien: Acta Crystallogr. 23, 92 (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  116. M.A. Mokul’sky, K.A. Kapitonova, T.D. Mokul’skaya: Mol. Biol. 6, 883 (1972) [English transl.: Mol. Biol. USSR 6,716 (1972)]

    Google Scholar 

  117. V.T. Forsyth, A. Mahendrasingam, P. Langan, W.J. Pigram, E.D. Stevens, Y.YI Hayalee, K.A. Bellamy, R.I. Greenall, S.A. Mason, W. Fuller: Conf. Neutron and X-ray Scattering Complementary Techniques (Kent 1989), Inst. Phys. Conf. Ser. 101,237 (1990)

    Google Scholar 

  118. A.H.-J. Wang, F.J. Kolpak, G.J. Quigley, J.L. Crawford, J.H. van Boom, C. van der Mazel, A. Rich: Nature 282, 680 (1979)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  119. S.H. Kim, F.L. Suddath, G.J. Quigley, A. Mc Pherson, J.L. Sussmann, A.H.J. Wang, N.C. Seemann, A. Rich: Science 185,435 (1974)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  120. J.D. Robertus. Y.E. Ladner, Y.T. Finch, D. Rhodes, R.S. Brown, B.F.C. Clark, A. Klug: Nature 250, 546 (1974)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  121. V.D. Vasiliev, O.M. Selivanova, V.I. Baranov, A.S. Spirin: FEBS Lett. 155, 167(1983)

    Google Scholar 

  122. J.A. Lake: Ann. Rev. Biochem. 54, 507 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  123. T. Wagenknecht, J.M. Carazo, M. Radermacher, J. Frank: Biophysical J. 55, 455 (1989)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  124. A. Verschoor, J. Frank: J. Mol. Biol. 214, 737 (1990)

    Google Scholar 

  125. M. van Heel, M. Stöffler-Meilicke: EMBO J. 4, 2389 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  126. M. van Heel: Ultramicroscopy 13, 165 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  127. J.T. Finch, L.C. Lutter, D. Rhodes, R.S. Brown, B. Rushton, M. Levitt, A. Klug: Nature 269, 29 (1977)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  128. R. Franklin, K. Holmes: Acta Crystallogr. 11,213 (1958)

    Google Scholar 

  129. D.L.D. Caspar, A. Klug: Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 27, 1–24 (1962)

    Google Scholar 

  130. A.C. Bloomer, J.N. Champness, O. Bricogne., R. Staden, A. Klug: Nature 276, 362 (1978)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  131. J.N. Champness, A.C. Bloomer, G. Bricogne, P.J.G. Butler, A. Klug: Nature 259, 20 (1976)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  132. J.T. Finch, A. Klug: Nature 183, 1709 (1959)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  133. A. Klug, J.T. Finch: J. Mol. Biol. 11,403 (1965)

    Google Scholar 

  134. A. Klug, J.T. Finch: J. Mol. Biol. 31,1 (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  135. J.T. Finch, A. Klug: J. Mol. Biol. 15,344–364(1966)

    Google Scholar 

  136. A. Klug, W. Longely, R. Leberman: J. Mol. Biol. 15,315 (1966)

    Google Scholar 

  137. R.A. Crowther, L.A. Amos, J.T. Finch, D.J. De Rosier, A. Klug: Nature 226, 421 (1970)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  138. R. McKenna, Di Xia, P. Willingman, L.L. Hag, S. Krishnaswamy, M.G. Rossmann, N.H. Olson, T.S. Baker, N.L. Ingardona: Nature 355, 137 (1992)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  139. S.C. Harrison, A.J. Olson, C.E. Schutt, F.K. Winkler, G. Bricogne: Nature 276, 362 (1978)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  140. B.K. Vainshtein: Usp. Fiz. Nauk 109, 455 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  141. B.K. Vainshtein: Electon microscopical analysis of the three-dimensional structure of biological macromolecules, in Advances in Optical and Electron Microscopy, ed. by V.E. Cosslett, R. Barer (Academic, New York 1978) Vol.7

    Google Scholar 

  142. B.A. Crowther, A. Klug: Ann. Rev. Biochem. 44, 161 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  143. L.A. Amos, A. Klug: J. Mol. Biol. 99, 51 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  144. A.M. Mikhailov, J.A. Andriashvili, G.V. Petrovsky, A.S. Kaftanova: Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 239, 725 (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  145. A.M. Mikhailov, N.N. Belyaeva: Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 250, 222 (1980) [English transl.: Sov. Phys. — Dokl. Biophys. 250, 5 (1980)]

    Google Scholar 

  146. B.K. Vainshtein, A.M. Mikhailov, A.S. Kaftanova: Kristallografiya 22(2), 287 (1977) [English transl.: Sov. Phys. — Crystallogr. 22, 163.(1977)]

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Crystallography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 59, 117333, Moscow, Russia

    Professor Dr. Boris K. Vainshtein, Professor Dr. Vladimir M. Fridkin & Professor Dr. Vladimir L. Indenbom

Authors
  1. Professor Dr. Boris K. Vainshtein
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Professor Dr. Vladimir M. Fridkin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Professor Dr. Vladimir L. Indenbom
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1995 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Vainshtein, B.K., Fridkin, V.M., Indenbom, V.L. (1995). Principal Types of Crystal Structures. In: Structure of Crystals. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-97512-7_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-97512-7_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-97514-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-97512-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation