Zusammenfassung
As we said in Chap. 1, the condition for tunneling ionization to occur is the inequality γ 2«1, where γ = ω(2E i)1/2/F is the adiabaticity parameter. Recall that ω and F are the radiation frequency and the electric field amplitude for the electromagnetic radiation, and is the binding energy of the initial atomic state. Although the adiabaticity parameter arose in the description of nonlinear ionization from a short-range potential well (Chap. 3), recently it was shown that it is also applicable to the case of a hydrogen atom. This result is an argument for applying the adiabaticity parameter to complex atoms as well.
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Delone, N.B., Krainov, V.P. (1994). Tunneling Ionization of Atoms. In: Multiphoton Processes in Atoms. Atoms+Plasmas, vol 13. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-97509-7_4
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