Abstract
In this chapter we will discuss spectroscopic methods that involve inner electrons [5.1]. Such electrons are much more strongly bound than outer electrons and the interaction energies become correspondingly high. Two kinds of methods are used to study inner electrons, those that are based on absorbed or emitted X-ray radiation (X-ray spectroscopy) and those dealing with energy measurements on emitted photo-electrons (photo-electron spectroscopy (XPS or ESCA).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
B. Crasemann (ed.): Atomic Inner-Shell Physics (Plenum, New York 1985)
G.L. Clark: Applied X-Rays (McGraw-Hill, New York 1955)
B. Agarwal: X-Ray Spectroscopy, 2nd edn., Springer Ser. Opt. Sci., Vol.15 (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 1990)
R. Jenkins, R.W. Gould, D. Gedcke: Quantitative X-Ray Spectrometry (Dekker, New York 1981)
S.A.E. Johansson: Proton-induced X-ray emission spectrometry — state of the art. Fresenius Z. Anal. Chem. 324, 635 (1986)
S. Johansson (ed.): Proc. 1st Int’l PIXE Conf., Nucl. Instrum. Methods 142, 1 (1977); Proc. 2nd Int’l PIXE Conf., Nucl. Instrum. Methods 181, 1 (1981)
B. Martin (ed.): Proc. 3rd Int’l PIXE Conf., Nucl. Instrum. Methods 231, 1 (1984)
H. van Rinsvelt, S. Bauman, J.W. Nelson, J.W. Winchester (eds.): Proc. 4th Int’l PIXE Conf., Nucl. Instr. Methods B22, I (1987)
R.W. Shaw: Air pollution by particles. Sci. Am. 257/2, 84 (1987)
T.G. Dzubiey (ed.): X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis of Environmental Samples (Ann Arbor Science Publ., Ann Arbor 1977)
J. Nordgren, L. Selander, L. Pettersson, C. Nordling, K. Siegbahn, H. Agren: Core state vibrational excitations and symmetry breaking in the CK and OK emission spectra of CO2. J. Chem. Phys. 76, 3928 (1982)
B. Crasemann (ed.): Proc. Conf. on X-ray and Atomic Inner Shell Physics, AIP Conf. Proc. 94 (American Inst. Phys., New York 1982), especially article by C. Nordling
A. Meisel, G. Leonhardt, R. Szargon: X-Ray Spectra and Chemical Bonding, Springer Ser. Chem. Phys., Vol.37 (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 1989)
J. Nordgren: Ultra-soft X-ray emission spectroscopy — a progress report, in Proc. 14th Int’l Conf. on X-Ray and Inner Shell Processes. J. Physique C 9, Suppl.12 (1987)
J. Nordgren, C. Nordling: Ultrasoft X-ray emission from atoms and molecules. Comments. At. Mol. Phys. 13, 229 (1983)
J. Nordgren, H. Agren: Interpretation of ultra-soft X-ray emission spectra. Comments. At. Mol. Phys. 14, 203 (1984)
J. Berkowitz: Photoabsorption, Photoionization, and Photoelectron Spectroscopy (Academic, New York 1979)
E.A. Stern: Structure determination by X-ray absorption. Contemp. Phys. 19, 289 (1978)
A. Bianconi, L. Incoccia, S. Stipchich (eds.): EXAFS and Near Edge Structure, Springer Ser. Chem. Phys., Vol.27 (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 1983)
B.K. Teo: EXAFS: Basic Principles and Data Analysis, Inorganic Chemistry Concepts, Vol.9 (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 1986)
P.A. Lee, P.H. Citrin, B.M. Kincaid: Extended X-ray absorption fine structure — its strengths and limitations as a structural tool. Rev. Mod. Phys. 53, 769 (1981)
B. Lindberg, R. Maripuu, K. Siegbahn, R. Larsson, C.G. Gölander, J.C. Eriksson: ESCA studies of heparinized and related surfaces. J. Coll. Int. Sci. 95, 308 (1983)
K. Siegbahn et al. (eds.): ESCA: Atomic, Molecular and Solid State Structure Studied by Means of Electron Spectroscopy (Almqvist and Wiksell, Uppsala 1967)
H. Siegbahn, L. Karlsson: Photoelectron Spectroscopy, in Handbuch der Physik, Vol.31, ed. by E. Mehlhorn (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 1982)
C.R. Brundle, A.D. Baker (eds.):Electron Spectroscopy: Theory, Techniques and Applications, Vols.1–5 (Academic, New York 1977–84)
R.E. Ballard: Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Molecular Orbital Theory (Hilger, London 1978)
P. Weightman: X-ray excited Auger and photoelectron spectroscopy. Rep. Prog. Phys. 45, 753 (1982)
K. Siegbahn: Some current problems in electron spectroscopy, in Atomic Physics 8, ed. by I. Lindgren, A. Rosén, S. Svanberg (Plenum, New York 1983) p.243
K. Siegbahn: Photoelectron spectroscopy: retrospects and prospects. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. A 318, 3 (1986)
N.V. Smith, F.J. Himpsel: Photoelectron spectroscopy, in Handbook of Synchrotron Radiation, ed. by E.E. Koch (North-Holland, Amsterdam 1983)
J.W. Rabalais: Principles of Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy (Wiley-Interscience, New York 1977)
S. Svensson, N. Mñrtensson, E. Basilier, P.A. Malmquist, U. Gelius, K. Siegbahn: Core and valence orbitals in solid and gaseous mercury by means of ESCA. J. Electr. Spectrosc. Rel. Phenom. 9, 51 (1976)
K. Siegbahn: Electron spectroscopy and molecular structure. J. Pure Appl. Chem. 48, 77 (1976)
H. Siegbahn: Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis of liquids and solutions. J. Phys. Chem. 89, 897 (1985)
L.-G. Petersson, S.-E. Karlsson: Clean and oxygen exposed potassium studied by photoelectron spectroscopy. Phys. Scri. 16, 425 (1977)
R.H. Williams: Electron spectroscopy of surfaces. Contemp. Phys. 19, 389 (1978)
D. Briggs, M.P. Seah (eds.): Practical Surface Analysis by Auger and X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (Wiley, Chichester 1983)
K. Siegbahn: Electron spectroscopy for solids, surfaces, liquids and free molecules, in Molecular Spectroscopy, ed. by A.R. West (Heyden, London 1977) Chap. 15
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1991 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Svanberg, S. (1991). Spectroscopy of Inner Electrons. In: Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy. Springer Series on Atoms + Plasmas, vol 6. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-97258-4_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-97258-4_5
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-97260-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-97258-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive