Skip to main content

Belastungs-EKG

  • Chapter

Zusammenfassung

Seit der Einführung des Belastungs-EKG in den frühen 30er Jahren (Goldhammer u. Scherf 1932; Dietrich u. Schwiegk 1933) entwickelte sich diese Untersuchungsmethode zu einer der brauchbarsten diagnostischen Hilfen für die objektive und quantitative Erfassung der Belastungscoronarinsuffizienz. Pathophysiologisch liegt der Belastungscoronarinsufflzienz ein vorübergehendes Mißverhältnis zwischen Sauerstoffangebot und -bedarf zugrunde. Morphologisch liegt bei der überwiegenden Anzahl der Patienten eine stenosierende Coronarsklerose vor.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Literatur

  • Ameisen, O., Okin, P.M., Devereux, R.B., Hochreiter, C., Miller, D.H., Zullo, M.A., Borer, J.S., Kligfield, P.: Predictive value and limitations of the ST/HR slope. Brit. Heart J. 53, 547 (1985).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aravindasksham, V., Surawicz, B., Allen, R. D.: ECG exercise test in patients with abnormal T waves at rest. Amer. Heart J. 93, 706 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  • Asokan, S.K., Fräser, R.C., Kolbeck, R.C., Frank, M.J.: Variations in right and left coronary blood flow in men with and without occlusive coronary disease. Brit. Heart J. 37, 604 (1975).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Astrand, I.: Exercise electrocardiograms recorded twice with an 8-year interval in a group of 204 women and men 48–63 years old. Acta Med. Scand. 178, 27 (1965).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Balcón, R., Brooks, N., Layton, C: Correlation of heart rate/ST slope and coronary angiographic findings. Brit. Heart J. 52, 304 (1984).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bartel, A.G., Behar, V.S., Peter, R.H., Orgain, E.S., Yihong, Kong: Exercise stress testing in evaluation of aortocoronary bypass surgery — report of 123 patients. Circulation 48, 141 (1973).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Becker, H.-J., Hoffmann, K. U., Schäfer, G. E., Kaltenbach, M.: Das Belastungselektrokardiogramm bei Zustand nach Herzinfarkt. Dtsch. med. Wochenschr. 42, 2079 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bengtsson, C, Grimby, G., Lindquist, O., Noppa, H., Sigurdsson, J. A., Vedin, J. A.: Prognosis of women with exercise-induced ECG changes — results from a longitudinal population study. Cardiology 68 (Suppl. 2), 9 (1981).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Berenyi, I., Hajfuczki, I.S., Böszörmenyi, E.: Quantitative evaluation of exercise-induced ST-segment depression for estimation of degree of coronary artery disease. Europ. Heart J. 5, 289 (1984).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bermann, J.L., Wynne, J., Cohn, P.F.: Hemodynamic correlates of increased R wave sum in multiple lead treadmill exercise tests (Abstr.). Amer. J. Cardiol. 43, 354 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bermann, J.L., Wynne, J., Cohn, P.F.: Multiple-lead QRS changes with exercise testing. Diagnostic value and hemodynamic implications. Circulation 61, 53 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  • Blackburn, H.: The exercise electrocardiogram. Technological, procedural and conceptual developments. In: Measurement in exercise electrocardiography (H.Blackburn, ed.), S. 220. Springfield/Ill.: C.C.Thomas 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blackburn, H., Taylor, H. L., Hamrell, B., Buskirk, E., Nicholas, W. C., Thorsen, R. D.: Premature ventricular complexes induced by stress testing. Amer. J. Cardiol. 31, 441 (1973).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Block, T.A., Murray, J. A., English, M.T.: Improvement in exercise performance after unsuccessful myocardial revascularization. Amer. J. Cardiol. 40, 673 (1977).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bonoris, P.E., Greenberg, P.S., Castellanet, M.J., Ellestad, M.H.: Significance of changes in R wave amplitude during treadmill stress testing: Angiographic correlation. Amer. J. Cardiol. 41, 846 (1978).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brody, D.A.: A theoretical analysis of intracavitary blood mass influence on the heart-lead relationship. Circulât. Res. 4, 731 (1956).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bruce, R. A., Blackmon, J.R., Jones, J. W., Srait, G.: Exercise testing in adult normal subjects and cardiac patients. Pediatrics 32, 742 (1963).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bruce, R. A., de Rouen, T. A., Hossack, K.F., Blake, B., Hofer, V.: Value of maximal exercise tests in risk assessment of primary coronary heart disease events in healthy men. Five years experience of the Seattle Heart Watch Study. Amer. J. Cardiol. 46, 371 (1980).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Califf, R.M., McKinnis, R.A., McNeer, F., Harrell, Jr. F.E., Lee, K.L., Pryor, D.B., Waugh, R.A., Harris, P. J., Phil, D., Rosati, R.A., Wagner, G.S.: Prognostic value of ventricular arrhythmias associated with treadmill exercise testing in patients studied with cardiac catheterization for suspected ischemic heart disease. J. Amer. Coll. Cardiol. 2, 1060 (1983).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Case, R.B., Masser, M. G., Crampton, R.S.: Biochemical aspects of early myocardial ischemia. Amer. J. Cardiol. 24, 766 (1969).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chaitman, B.R., Bourassa, M.G., Wagniart, P., Corbara, F., Ferguson, R.J.: Improved efficiency of treadmill exercise testing using a multiple lead ECG system and basic hemodynamic exercise response. Circulation 57, 71 (1978).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chaitman, B.R., Hanson, J.S.: Comparative sensitivity and specificity of exercise electrocardiographic lead systems. Amer. J. Cardiol. 47, 1335 (1981).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Christison, G.W., Bonoris, P.E., Greenberg, P.S., Castellanet, M.J.: Predicting coronary artery disease with treadmill stress testing: Changes in R-wave amplitude compared with ST segment depression. J. Electrocardiol. 12, 179 (1979).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cole, J. P., Ellestad, M.H.: Significance of chest pain during treadmill exercise: Correlation with coronary events. Amer. J. Cardiol. 41, 227 (1978).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Currie, P. J., Kelly, M.J., Pitt, A.: Comparison of supine and erect bicycle exercise electrocardiography in coronary heart disease: Effect of antianginal therapy. Amer. J. Cardiol. 55, 1167 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • Detrano, R., Salcedo, E., Passalacqua, M., Friis, R.: Exercise electrocardiographic variables: A critical appraisal. J. Amer. Coll. Cardiol. 8, 836 (1986).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Detrano, R., Marcondos, G., Froelicher, V.F.: Application of probability analysis in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease. Chest 94, 380 (1988).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Detry, J.-M. R.: Exericse testing and training in coronary heart disease. Thesis by Jean-Marie R. Detry, ed. by Stenfert Kroese. Leiden: Williams and Wilkins 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  • Diamond, G. A., Forrester, J. S.: Analysis of probability as an aid in the clinical diagnosis of coronary-artery disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 300, 1350 (1979).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dietrich, S., Schwiegk, H.: Angina pectoris und Anoxie des Herzmuskels. Z. klin. Med. 125, 195 (1933).

    Google Scholar 

  • Eenige, M.J. van, DeFeyter, P.J., de Jong, J.P., Roos, J.P.: Diagnostic incapacity of exercise-induced QRS wave amplitude changes to detect coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction. Europ. Heart J. 3, 9 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ejdebäck, J., Angelhed, J.-E., Bjurô, T., Falk, K.-J., Schlossman, D., Varnauskas, E.: Computerized exercise ECG in the diagnosis of critical coronary lesions. Cardiology 69, 22 (1982).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Elamin, M. S., Boyle, R., Kardash, M. M., Smith, D. R., Stoker, J.B., Whitaker, W., Mary, D.A.S.G., Linden, R.J.: Accurate detection of coronary heart disease by new exercise test. Brit. Heart J. 48, 311 (1982).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ellestad, M.H.: Stress testing. Principles and practice. Ed. 3. Philadelphia: F. A. Davis 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ellestad, M.H., Wan, M.K.C.: Predictive implications of stress testing follow-up of 2700 subjects after maximum treadmill stress testing. Circulation 51, 363 (1975).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Epstein, S.E.: Implications of probability analysis on the strategy used for noninvasive detection of coronary artery disease. Role of single or combined use of exercise electrocardiographic testing, radionuclide cineangiography and myocardial perfusion imaging. Amer. J. Cardiol. 46, 491 (1980).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Erikssen, J., Enge, I., Forfang, K. et al.: False-positive diagnostic tests and coronary angiographic findings in 105 presumably healthy males. Circulation 54, 371 (1976).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Finkelohr, R.S., Newhouse, K.E., Thomas, B.A., Vrobel, T.R., Miron, S.D., Bahler, R.C.: The ST segment/heart slope as a predictor of coronary artery disease: Comparison with quantitative Thallium imaging and conventional ST segment criteria. Amer. Heart J. 112, 296 (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  • Fioretti, P., Brower, R.W., Simoons, M.L., tenKaten, H., Beelen, A., Baardman, T., Lubsen, J., Hugenholtz, EG.: Relative value of clinical variables, bicycle ergometry, rest radionuclide ventriculography and 24 hour ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring at discharge to predict 1 year survival after myocardial infarction. J. Amer. Coll. Cardiol. 8, 40 (1986).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Forlini, jr. F.J., Dohn, K., Langston, jr. M.F.: ST-segment isolation and quantification as a means of improving diagnostic accuracy in treadmill stress testing. Amer. Heart J. 90, 431 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  • Fox, K. ML, Selwyn, A. P., Shillingsford, J. P.: A method for recording the praecordial exercise electrocardiogram. Brit. Heart J. 40, 1339 (1978).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fox, K. M., Selwyn, A. P., Jonathan, A., Westerby, S., Shillingford, J. P.: Electrocardiographic mapping after exercise for evaluation of coronary bypass graft surgery. Amer. J. Cardiol. 44, 1251 (1979).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fox, K.M., England, D., Jonathan, A., Selwyn, A.P.: Inability of exercise-induced R wave changes to predict coronary artery disease. Amer. J. Cardiol. 49, 674 (1982).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Friesinger, G.C.: Objective assessment of angina pectoris. Med. Prisma 3, 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  • Froelicher, V.F., Yanowitz, F.G., Thompson, A. J., Lancaster, M.C.: The correlation of coronary angiography and the electrocardiographic response to maximal treadmill testing in 76 asymptomatic men. Circulation 48, 597 (1973).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Froelicher, V. F., Thomas, M. M., Pillow, C.: Epidemiologic study of asymptomatic men screened by maximal treadmill testing for latent coronary artery disease. Amer. J. Cardiol. 34, 770 (1974).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fuller, C. M., Raizner, A. E., Verani, M. S., Nahormek, P. A., Chahine, R.A., McEntee, C.W., Miller, R.R.: Early post-myocardial infarction treadmill stress testing. An accurate predictor of multivessel coronary disease and subsequent cardiac events. Ann. Intern. Med. 94, 734 (1981).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Georgopoulos, A. J., Proudfit, W.L., Page, I.H.: Effect of exercise on electrocardiograms of patients with low serum potassium. Circulation 23, 567 (1961).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gerson, M.C., Phillips, J.F., Morris, S.N., McHenry, P.L.: Exercise-induced U-wave inversion as a marker of stenosis of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Circulation 60, 1014 (1979).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gerson, M.C., Morris, S.N., McHenry, P.L.: Relation of exercise-induced physiologic S-T segment depression to R-wave amplitude in normal subjects. Amer. J. Cardiol. 46, 778 (1980).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gohlke, H., Samek, L., Betz, P., Roskamm, H.: Exercise testing provides additional prognostic information in angiographically defined subgroups of patients with coronary artery disease. Circulation 68, 979 (1983).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gohlke, H., Gohlke-Barwolf, C., Samek, L., Sturzenhofecker, P., Schmuziger, M., Roskamm, H.: Serial exercise testing up to 6 years after coronary bypass surgery: Behavior of exercise parameters in groups with different degrees of revascularization determined by postoperative angiography. Amer. J. Cardiol. 51, 1301 (1983).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goldhammer, S., Scherf, D.: Elektrokardiographische Untersuchungen bei Kranken mit Angina pectoris. Z. klin. Med. 122, 134 (1932).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gordon, D.J., Ekelund, L.-G., Karon, J.M., Probstfield, J.L., Rubenstein, C., Sheffield, L.T., Weissfeld, L.: Predictive value of the exercise tolerance test for mortality in North American men: The lipid research clinics mortality follow-up study. Circulation 74, 252 (1986).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gould, K.L., Lipscomb, K., Hamilton, G. W.: Physiologic basis for assessing critical coronary stenosis. Amer. J. Cardiol. 33, 87 (1974).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Greenberg, P.S., Ellestad, M.H., Berge, P., Johnson, K., Hayes, M., Bible, M., Morales-Ballejo, H.: Radionuclide angiographic correlation of the R wave, ejection fraction, and volume responses to upright bicycle exercise. Chest 80, 459 (1981).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haerer, W., Frick, G., Bauer, U.: Die Wertigkeit von R-Amplitudenzunahmen im Belastungs-EKG der Frauen. Herz-Kreislauf 10, 545 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hakki, A.-H., Abdulmassih, S.I., Kutalek, S., Hare, T.W., Sokoloff, N.M.: R wave amplitude: A new determinant of failure of patients with coronary heart disease to manifest ST segment depression during exercise. J. Amer. Coll. Cardiol. 3, 1155 (1984).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hochrhein, H., Lehmann, H.-U., Helwing, H.-P.: EKG-Veränderungen bei Coronarinsufflzienz und unter dem Einfluß von Digitalis. Klinikarzt 4, 403 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  • Holland, R.P., Brooks, H.: TQ-, ST-segment mapping: Critical review and analysis of current concepts. Amer. J. Cardiol. 40, 110 (1977).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hollenberg, M., Wisneski, J. A., Gertz, E.W., Ellis, R.J.: Computer-derived treadmill exercise score quantifies the degree of revascularization and improved exercise performance after coronary artery bypass surgery. Amer. Heart J. 106, 1096 (1983).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hossack, K.F., Bruce, R.A.: Prognostic value of exercise testing: The Seattle heart watch experience. J. Cardiac. Rehabil. 5, 9 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  • Jaffe, D. M.: Effect of oestrogenes on electrocardiogram. Brit. Heart J. 38, 1299 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  • Jungmann, E., Schulz, W., Kober, G., Walther, F., Schöffling, K.: Folgen des regelmäßigen Laxantiengebrauchs. Münch, med. Wochenschr. 123, 965 (1981).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaltenbach, M.: Die Belastungsuntersuchung von Herzkranken. Kardiologische Diagnostik. Mannheim: Boehringer 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaltenbach, M., Klepzig, H., Tschirdewahn, B.: Die Kletterstufe, eine einfache Vorrichtung für exakt meßbare und reproduzierbare Belastungsuntersuchungen. Med. Klin. 59, 248 (1964).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kast, V.G., Klepzig, H.: Die klinische Bedeutung der negativen U-Welle im Belastungstest. Z. Kreislaufforsch. 54, 1156 (1965).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kawai, C, Hultgren, H.N.: The effect of digitalis upon the electrocardiogram. Amer. Heart J. 68, 409 (1964).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klingfield, P., Okin, P.M., Ameisen, O., Borer, J.S.: Evaluation of coronary artery disease by an improved method of exercise electrocardiography: The ST segment/heart rate slope. Amer. Heart J. 112, 589 (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  • Krehan, L., Becker, H.J., Holzmann, L., Kober, G., Kaltenbach, M.: Das Belastungs-Elektrokardiogramm nach aortocoronarer Bypass-Operation. Z. Kardiol. 65 (Suppl. 3), 106 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  • Krone, R.J., Gillespie, J. A., Weld, F.M., Miller, J. P., Moss, A.J., the Multicenter Postinfarction Research Group: Low-level exercise testing after myocardial infarction: Usefulness in enhancing clinical risk stratification. Circulation 71, 80 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  • Legrand, V., de Landsheere, C, Rigo, P., Pierard, L., Chevigne, M., Henrard, L., Collignon, P., Kulbertus, H.E.: Early exercise testing combined with Thallium-201 scintigraphy after a first acute myocardial infarction: Angiographic and prognostic implications. In: The first year after a myocardial infarction (H.E.Kulbertus, H.J.J.Wellens, eds.), S. 145. Mount Kisco New York: Futura Publishing Company 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  • Löllgen, H., Ulmer, H.-V.: Ergometrie — Empfehlungen zur Durchführung und Bewertung ergometrischer Untersuchungen. Ergebnisbericht einer Klausurtagung in Titisee, 7./8.12.1984. Klin. Wochenschr. 63, 651 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  • Manca, C., DeiCas, L., Albertini, D., Baldi, G., Visioli, O.: Different prognostic value of exercise electrocardiogram in men and women. Cardiology 63, 312 (1978).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Manvi, K.N., Ellestad, M.H.: Elevated ST-segments with exercise in ventricular aneurysm. J. Electrocardiol. 5, 317 (1972).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mardelli, T.J., Morganroth, J., Dreifus, L.S.: Superior QRS axis of ventricular premature complexes: An additional criterion to enhance the sensitivity of exercise stress testing. Amer. J. Cardiol. 45, 236 (1980).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maseri, A.: Pathophysiologic studies of the pulmonary and coronary circulations in man. Amer. J. Cardiol. 38, 751 (1976).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McConahay, D.R., McCallister, B.D., Smith, R.E.: Postexercise electrocardiography: Correlations with coronary arteriography and left ventricular hemodynamics. Amer. J. Cardiol. 28, 1 (1971).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McConahay, D. R., Valdes, M., McCallister, B. D., Crockett, J.E., Conn, R.D., Reed, W.A., Killen, D.A.: Accuracy of treadmill testing in assessment of direct myocardial revascularization. Circulation 56, 8 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  • McHenry, P.L., Morris, S.N.: Exercise electrocardiography. Current state of the art. In: Advances in electrocardiography 2 (R. C. Schlant, J. W. Hurst eds.), S. 265. New York-San Francisco-London: Grune & Stratton 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  • McHenry, P.L., Morris, S.N., Kavalier, M., Jordan, W.W.: Comparative study of exercise-induced ventricular arrhythmias in normal subjects and patients with documented coronary artery disease. Amer. J. Cardiol. 37, 609 (1976).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McNeer, J. F., Margolis, J. R., Lee, K. L.: The role of the exercise test in the evaluation of patients for ischemic heart disease. Circulation 57, 64 (1978).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morales-Ballejo, H., Greenberg, P.S., Ellestad, M.H.: Septal Q wave in exercise testing: Angiographic correlation. Amer. J. Cardiol. 48, 247 (1981).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morris, S.N., Lovelace, E., McHenry, P.L.: Comparison of R-wave and QRS amplitude during treadmill testing in normals and patients with coronary disease (Abstr.). Amer. J. Cardiol. 43, 353 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  • Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial Research Group: Exercise electrocardiogram and coronary heart disease mortality in the multiple risk factor intervention trial. Amer. J. Cardiol. 55, 16 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  • Neitzert, A., Bechtloff, L., Sigwart, U., Gleichmann, U.: Vergleich bipolarer Brustwandableitungen mit konventionellen Ableitungen bei ergometrischen Untersuchungen. Med. Welt 26, 1721 (1975).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nissen-Druey, C.: Zur Bedeutung unspezifischer Veränderungen von T im Master-Elektrokardiogramm. Schweiz, med. Wochenschr. 104, 599 (1974).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • NordströmÖhrberg, G.: Effect of digitalis glycosides on electrocardiogram and exercise test in healthy subjects. Acta Med. Scand. 176, (Suppl. 1) 420 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  • Parker, J.O., West, R.O., Case, R.B., Chong, M.A.: Temporal relationships of myocardial lactate metabolism, left ventricular function, and ST-segment depression during angina precipitated by exercise. Circulation 40, 97 (1969 a).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parker, J.O., Chiong, M. A., West, R.O., Case, R.B.: Sequential alterations in myocardial lactate metabolism, ST-segments, and left ventricular function during angina induced by atrial pacing. Circulation 40,113 (1969 b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Phillips, R. E.: The interaction of exercise and drugs. In: Progress in cardiac rehabilitation (L.R.Zohman, R. E. Phillips, eds.), S. 104. Stuttgart: Thieme 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pryor, D.B., Harrell, F.E., Leehl. Califf, R.M., Rosati, R. A.: Estmating the likelihood of significant coronary artery disease. Amer. J. Med. 75, 771 (1983).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rautaharju, P.M., Prineas, R.J., Crow, R.S., Seale, D., Furberg, C.D.: The effect of modified limb electrode positions on electrocardiographic wave amplitudes. J. Electrocardiol. 2, 109 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rautaharju, P.M., Prineas, R.J., Eifler, W.J., Furberg, C.D., Neaton, J.D., Crow, R.S., Stammler, J., Cutler, J. A.: Prognostic value of exercise electrocardiogram in men at high risk of future coronary heart disease: Multiple risk factor intervention trial experience. J. Amer. Coll. Cardiol. 8, 1 (1986).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Robb, G.P., Marks, H.H.: Postexercise electrocardiogram in arteriosclerotic heart disease. J. Amer. Med. Ass. 200, 918 (1967).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roskamm, H.: Das Belastungs-EKG. Mannheim: Boehringer 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roskamm, H., Rentrop, P., Petersen, J.: Die Ventrikelfunktion bei koronarer Herzerkrankung. Verh. Dtsch. Ges. Kreislaufforsch. 42, 50 (1976).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roskamm, H., Samek, L., Zweigle, K., Stürzenhofecker, P., Petersen, J., Rentrop, P., Prokoph, J.: Die Beziehungen zwischen den Befunden der Coronarangiographie und des Belastungs-EKG bei Patienten ohne transmuralen Myokardinfarkt. Z. Kardiol. 66, 273 (1977).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roskamm, H., Schmuziger, M., Stürzenhofecker, P., Petersen, J., Görnandt, L., Reichelt, M., Huesmann, K., Betz, P., Spinder, M., Heidecker, K., Weisswange, A., Gohlke-Börwolf, C, Gohlke, H., Samek, L., Schnellbacher, K., Bubenheimer, P.: Bestimmt die Vollständigkeit der Revaskularisation die funktionelle Verbesserung und die Überlebensdaten koronaroperierter Patienten? Ergebnisse von 1000 konsekutiv operierten Patienten. Z. Kardiol. 70, 590 (1981).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roskamm, H., Samek, L., Betz, P.: Provocative test in early post-infarction angina: Exercise test. Europ. Heart J. 7 (Suppl. C), 49 (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  • Samek, L., Roskamm, H., Rentrop, P., Kaiser, P., Stürzenhofecker, P., Schober, B., Görnandt, L., Velden, R.: Belastungsprüfungen und Coronarangiogramm im chronischen Infarktstadium. Z. Kardiol. 64, 809 (1975).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Samek, L., Meister, G., Roskamm, H., Stürzenhofecker, P., Prokoph, J.: Herzrhythmusstörungen nach Herzinfarkt. Herz-Kreislauf 9, 641 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  • Samek, L., Meister, G., Roskamm, H.: Sind Angina pectoris und ischämische ST-Senkung während Belastung bei Frauen unsichere Ischämiekriterien? (Abstr.). Z. Kardiol. 70, 629 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  • Samek, L., Roskamm, H.: Das Belastungs-EKG bei Frauen: schwerer zu beurteilen, aber doch diagnostisch aussagekräftig. Med. Klin. Prax. 78, 21 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • Samek, L., Roskamm, H.: Belastungs-EKG. In: Handbuch der inneren Medizin. Bd.IX/3: Koronarerkrankungen (H.Roskamm, Hrsg.), S. 277. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York-Tokyo: Springer 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  • Samek, L., Hirsch, F., Roskamm, H.: Mit welchen Koronarbefunden muß man bei hoch positivem Belastungstest — AP und ischämische ST-Senkung bei 25 Wattrechnen? Z. Kardiol. 74 (Suppl. 3), 32 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  • Samek, L., Roskamm, H.: Bedeutung und Wertigkeit des Belastungs-EKG bei koronarkranken Frauen. In: Die koronare Herzkrankheit der Frau (H. Weidemann, Hrsg.), S. 81. Darmstadt: Steinkopff 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sami, M., Chaitman, B., Fisher, L., Holmes, D., Fray, D., Alderman, E.: Significance of exercise-induced ventricular arrhythmia in stable coronary artery disease: A coronary artery surgery study project. Amer. J. Cardiol. 54, 1182 (1984).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Santinga, J.T., Brymer, J.F., Smith, F., Flora, J.: The influence of lead strength on the ST changes with exercise electrocardiography (correlative study with coronary angiography). J. Electrocardiol. 4, 387 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  • Saunamaeki, K.I., Andersen, J.D.: Early exercise test in the assessment of long-term prognosis after acute myocardial infarction. Acta Med. Scand. 209, 185 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  • Scherer, D., Kaltenbach, M.: Häufigkeit lebensbedrohlicher Komplikationen bei ergometrischen Belastungsuntersuchungen. Z. Kardiol. 68, 240 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  • Schlant, R.C., Blomqvist, C.G., Brandenburg, R.O., De- Busk, R., Ellestad, M.H., Fletcher, G.F., Froelicher, V.F., Hall, R.J., McCallister, B.D., McHenry, P.L., Ryan, T.J., Sheffield, L.T.: Guidelines for exercise testing. A report of the Joint American College of Cardiology/ American Heart Association Task Force on assessment of cardiovascular procedures. Circulation 74, 653A (1986).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schüren, K.P., Behrens, R., Schröder, R.: Falsch positives Belastungs-EKG bei organisch gesunden Frauen. Dtsch. med. Wochenschr. 103, 816 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  • Schulz, W., Kaltenbach, M., Scherer, D.: Sensitivität und Spezifität der R-Amplitude im Belastungs-EKG zur Diagnose der koronaren Herzkrankheit (Abstr.). Z. Kardiol. 68, 240 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz, K.M., Turner, J.D., Sheffield, L.T., Roitman, D.I., Kansal, S., Papapietro, S.E., Mantle, J.A., Rackley, C.E., Russell, Jr. R.O., Rogers, W.J.: Limited exercise testing soon after myocardial infarction. Correlation with early coronary and left ventricular angiography. Ann. Intern. Med. 94, 727 (1981).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sharma, B., Taylor, S. H.: Localization of left ventricular ischaemia in angina pectoris by cineangiography during exercise. Brit. Heart J. 37, 963 (1975).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Siegel, W., Lim, J. S., Proudfit, W. L., Sheldon, W. C, Loop, F. D.: The spectrum of exercise test and angiographic correlations in myocardial revascularization surgery. Circulation 51, 52 (Suppl. 1), 156 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  • Silverton, N.P., Elamin, M.S., Smith, D.R., Ionescu, M.I., Kardash, M., Whitaker, W., Mary, D.A.S.G., Linden, R.J.: Use of the exercise maximal ST segment/heart rate slope in assessing the results of coronary angioplasty. Brit. Heart J. 51, 379 (1984).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Simoons, M.L., Hugenholtz, P.G.: R-wave and ST-segment changes during exercise: Relative values in diagnosis of coronary artery disease (Abstr.). Amer. J. Cardiol. 43, 353 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  • Staniloff, H.M., Diamond, G.A., Pollock, B.H.: Probabilistic diagnosis and prognosis of coronary artery disease. J. Cardiac. Rehabil. 4, 518 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Stuart, R.J., Ellestad, M.H.: Upsloping ST-segments in exercise stress testing. Six year follow-up study of 438 patients and correlation with 248 angiograms. Amer. J. Cardiol. 37, 19 (1976).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Theroux, P., Waters, D. D., Halphen, C., Debaissieux, J.-C., Mizgala, H.F.: Prognostic value of exercise testing soon after myocardial infarction. N. Engl. J. Med. 301, 341 (1979).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thwaites, B.C., Quyyumi, A. A., Raphael, M.J., Canepa-Anson, R., Fox, K. M.: Comparison of the ST/heart rate slope with the modified bruce exercise test in the detection of coronary artery disease. Amer. J. Cardiol. 57, 554 (1986).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tubau, J.F., Chaitman, B.R., Bourasse, M.G., Waters, D.D.: Detection of multivessel coronary disease after myocardial infarction using exercise stress testing and multiple ECG lead systems. Circulation 61, 44 (1980).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • van der Wall, E.E., van Eenige, M.J., Visser, F.C., Scholtalbers, A.G., Roos, J.P.: Thallium-201 exercise testing in patients 6-8 weeks after myocardial infarction: limited value for the detection of multivessel disease. Europ. Heart J. 6, 29 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  • Velasco, J., Tormo, V., Ferrer, L.M., Ridocci, F., Blanch, S.: Early exercise test for evaluation of long-term prognosis after uncomplicated myocardial infarction. Europ. Heart J. 2, 401 (1981).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Winter, E., Kaltenbach, M.: Zur Unterscheidung ischamie- und glykosidbedingter Kammerendteilveranderungen im Be- lastungs-EKG. Herz-Kreislauf 12, 673 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  • Zwillinger, L.: Die Digitaliswirkung auf das Arbeits-Elektrokardiogramm. Med. Klin. 30, 977 (1935).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1989 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Samek, L., Roskamm, H. (1989). Belastungs-EKG. In: Herzkrankheiten. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-97060-3_11

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-97060-3_11

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-97061-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-97060-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics