Abstract
Research ethics is as integral a part of scientific judgment as clinical ethics is of clinical judgment (2). Many ethical issues in research arise from a failure to think as rigorously about the conditions for ethical consistency as about those for scientific validity. The ethical principles governing all surgical, clinical, and biomedical research with human subjects are fundamentally the same. They have been listed and discussed in numerous documents and countless publications over the past 40 years (3–10).
“The surgical act is just too powerful and too dangerous to be loosed on an unsuspecting public in the hands of a surgeon who uses only his cerebellum.” (1)
Judah Folkman, M.D.
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Roy, D.J., Black, P., McPeek, B. (1986). Ethical Principles in Surgical Research. In: Troidl, H., Spitzer, W.O., McPeek, B., Mulder, D.S., McKneally, M.F. (eds) Principles and Practice of Research. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-96942-3_14
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-96942-3_14
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