Zusammenfassung
Elektrokardiographie und Vektorkardiographie sind klinisch angewandte Methoden zur Exploration des elektrischen Feldes des Herzens unter Zuhilfenahme von Oberflächenpotentialen. Die beiden Methoden unterscheiden sich jedoch in ihrer Registrierung. Bei der Elektrokardiographie werden die Feldänderungen durch skalare Größen in der Form einer Spannungs-Zeit-Kurve erfaßt. Es sind zahlreiche Ableitungen mit verschiedenen Ableitelinien notwendig, durch die das elektrische Feld von verschiedenen Richtungen aus exploriert wird. Dabei erfassen einige von ihnen sicherlich auch Lokalpotentiale (Gillmann 1954).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Literatur
Baydar, I., Walsh, T., Massie, E.: A vectorcardiographic study of right bundle branch block with the Frank lead system. Amer. J. Cardiol. 15, 185 (1965).
Benchimol, A.: Vectorcardiography. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins 1973.
Benchimol, A., Desser, K.: Coexisting left anterior hemiblock and inferior wall myocardial infarction. Amer. J. Cardiol. 29, 7 (1972).
Benchimol, A., Desser, K.: The electrovectorcardiographic diagnosis of posterior wall myocardial infarction. Cardiovasc. Clin. 5, 183 (1974).
Benchimol, A., Desser, K.: Advances in clinical vectorcardiography. Amer. J. Cardiol. 36, 76 (1975).
Benchimol, A., Tio, S.: Early involutionary vectorcardiographic signs of right ventricular hypertrophy. Amer. Heart J. 80, 19 (1970).
Benchimol, A., Reich, F., Desser, K.: Comparison of the electrocardiogram and vectorcardiogram for the diagnosis of left atrial enlargement. J. Electrocardiol. 9, 215 (1976).
Bennerr, D., Evans, D.: Correlation of left ventricular mass determined by echocardiography with vectorcardiographic and electrocardiographic voltage measurements. Brit. Heart J. 36, 981 (1974).
Bilger, R.: Die vektorkardiographischen Befunde bei der Rechts-and Linkshypertrophie. Cardiologia (Basel) 31, 242 (1957).
Brackbill, T., Shah, P.: Vectorcardiographic comparison of left ventricular hypertrophy in idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis, aortic stenosis and aortic regurgitation. Amer. Heart J. 88, 269 (1974).
Browne, P., Sridhar, S., Desser, K., Benchimol, A., Sheasby, C.: Hypertrophy or dilatation? A vectorial analysis of echo-cardiographically determined left ventricular enlargement. J. Electrocardiol. 11 (2), 117 (1978).
Burch, G. E., DE Pasquale, N. P.: Spatial vectorcardiogram as a supplement to the electrocardiogram in the diagnosis of myocardial infarction. Progr. cardiovasc. Dis. 6, 137 (1963).
Castellanos, A., Chahine, R., Chapunoff, A., Gomez, J., Por-Tillo, B.: Diagnosis of left anterior hemiblock in the presence of inferior wall myocardial infarction. Chest 60, 543 (1971).
Chen, C. H., Kawai, C.: Anterior QRS loops in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J. Electrocardiol. 11 (2), 129 (1978).
Chou, T. C., Co, P., Helm, R. A.: Vectorcardiographic analysis of T wave inversion in the right precordial leads. Amer. Heart J. 78, 75 (1969).
Chou, T. C., Masangkay, M., Young, R., Conway, G., Helm, R.: Simple quantitative vectorcardiographic criteria for the diagnosis of right ventricular hypertrophy. Circulation 48, 1262 (1973).
Chou, T. C., Helm, R. A., Kaplan, S.: Clinical vectorcardiography. 2°d ed. New York: Grune and Stratton 1974.
Chung, K., Walsh, T. J., Massie, E.: Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Amer. Heart J. 69, 116 (1965).
Duchosal, P. W., Grosgurin, J. R.: Atlas d’electrocardiographie et de vectorcardiographie. Basel: Karger 1959.
Elliott, L. P., Taylor, W., Schiebler, G.: Combined ventricu-lar hypertrophy in infancy: Vectorcardiographic observations with special reference to the Katz-Wachtel-Phenomenon. Amer. J. Cardiol. 11, 164 (1963).
Ellison, R. C., Restieaux, N. J.: Quantitation of ventricular hypertrophy and hemodynamic load with vectorcardiogram. Progr. cardiovasc. Dis. 14 (6), 559 (1972 a).
Ellison, R. C., Restieaux, N. J.: Vectorcardiography in congenital heart disease. Philadelphia-London-Toronto: Saunders 1972 b.
Fedor, J., Walston, A., Wagner, G., Starr, J.: The vector-cardiogram in right bundle branch block. Correlation with cardiac failure and pulmonary disease. Circulation 53, 926 (1976).
Frank, E.: An accurate clinically practical system for spatial vectorcardiography. Circulation 13, 737 (1956).
Giegler, J.: Beitrag zur Erkennung des Herzinfarktes beim Linksschenkelblock. Z. Kardiol. 62, 1013 (1973).
Gillmann, H.: Einleitung in die vektorielle Deutung des EKG. Darmstadt: Steinkopff 1954.
Grant, R. P.: Clinical elektrocardiography. New York-TorontoLondon: McGraw-Hill 1957.
Gray, W.: Diagnostic value of vectorcardiogram in strictly posterior infarction. Brit. Heart J. 34, 1163 (1972).
Gray, W., Bell, H. H.: Vectorcardiographic analysis of T loop in ischaemic heart disease. Brit. Heart J. 33, 917 (1971). Grishman, A., Scherlis, L.: Spatial vectorcardiography. Phila-delphia: Saunders 1952.
Gunnar, R. M., Pietras, R. J., Blackeller, J., Dadmun, S. E., Szanto, P. B., Tobin, J. R.: Correlation of vectorcardiographic criteria for myocardial infarction with autopsy findings. Circulation 35, 158 (1967).
Hamer, J.: The vectorcardiogram in mitral valve disease. Brit. Heart J. 32, 149 (1970).
Hoffman, J., Taymor, R. C., Gootnik, A.: Vectorcardiographic residua of inferior infarction. 78 cases studied with the Frank system. Circulation 29, 562 (1964).
Holzmann, M.: Klinische Elektrokardiographie. Stuttgart: Thieme 1967.
Hugenholtz, P. G.: The vectorcardiogram in left and right ventricular hypertrophy. In: Das chronisch kranke Herz ( H. RosKAMM, H. Reindell, Hrsg.). Stuttgart: Schattauer 1973.
Hugenholtz, P. G., Gamboa, R.: Effect of chronically increased ventricular pressure on electrical forces of the heart. Circulation 30, 511 (1964).
Hurst, J. W.: The heart. 4`h ed. New York: McGraw Hill 1978.
Ishizawa, K., Ishizawa, KY., Motomura, M., Konishi, T., Wa-Kabayashi, A., Ishikawa, K., Nohara, Y.: High reliability rates of spatial analysis by vectorcardiogram in assessing the severity of eccentric left ventricular hypertrophy. Amer. Heart J. 91, 50 (1976).
Kini, P., Pipberger, H.: Criteria for electrocardiographic differentiation of right ventricular hypertrophy from true posterior myocardial infarction. Amer. J. Cardiol. 33, 608 (1974).
Kini, P., Eddleman, E., Pipberger, H.: Electrocardiographic differentiation between left ventricular hypertrophy and anterior myocardial infarction. Circulation 42, 875 (1970).
Lee, G. B., Wilson, W. J., Amplatz, K., Tuna, N.: Correlation of vectorcardiogram and electrocardiogram with coronary arteriogram. Circulation 38, 189 (1968).
Levine, H., Young, E., Williams, R.: Electrocardiogram and vectorcardiogram in myocardial infarction. Circulation 45, 457 (1972).
Lichtlen, P.: Klinische Vektor-Elektrokardiographie. BerlinHeidelberg-New York: Springer 1969.
Massie, E., Walsh, T. J.: Clinical vectorcardiography. Chicago: The Year Book Publishers 1960.
Mathur, V. S., Levine, H.: Vectorcardiographic differentiation between right ventricular hypertrophy and posterobasal myocardial infarction. Circulation 42, 883 (1970).
Mcfee, R., Parungao, A.: An orthogonal lead system for clinical electrocardiography. Amer. Heart J. 62, 93 (1961).
Medrano, G. A., Brenes, P. C., DE Micheli, A., Sodi-Pallares, D.: Clinical electrocardiographic and vectorcardiographic diagnosis of left posterior subdivision block, isolated or associated with RBBB. Amer. Heart J. 84, 727 (1972).
Mershon, J., Medina, J., Evans, R., Edgett, J., Kioschos, J., Kroetz, F., Nelson, W.: Use of the vectorcardiogram to recognize right ventricular hypertrophy in mitral stenosis. Chest 64, 173 (1973).
Orlando, J., Aronow, W.: Value of the vectorcardiogram in assessing tall R waves in right precordial leads. Chest 69, 540 (1976).
Phillips, H., Starr, J., Behar, V., Walston, A., Greenfield, J., Wagner, G.: Evaluation of vectorcardiographic cirteria for the diagnosis of myocardial infarction in the presence of left ventricular hypertrophy. Circulation 53, 235 (1976).
Postell, W., Rainey, R., Witham, A., Edmonds, J.: Vectorcar-diographic and electrocardiographic manifestatioins of increasing left ventricular pressure overload. Amer. Heart J. 77, 33 (1969).
Rosenbaum, M. B., Elizari, M. V., Lazzari, J. O.: The hemi-blocks. Oldsmar: Tampa Tracings 1970.
Schäfer, H.: Das Elektrokardiogramm, Klinik and Therapie. Berlin-Göttingen-Heidelberg: Springer 1951.
Selvester, R. H., Haywood, L. J.: High gain, high frequency atrial vectorcardiograms in normal subjects and in patients with atrial enlargement. Amer. J. Cardiol. 24, 8 (1969).
Simonson, E., Sotobata, I., Richman, H.: Confirmation by autopsy for vectorcardiographic diagnosis of myocardial infarction. Amer. Heart J. 74, 587 (1967).
Sobrino, J., Mate, J., Codina, J., Rico, J., Sobrino, N.: Vector-cardiograms in severe aortic insufficiency. Chest 67 (5), 568 (1975).
Starr, J., Wagner, G., Behar, V., Walston, A., Greenfield, J.: Vectorcardiographic criteria for the diagnosis of inferior myocardial infarction. Circulation 49, 829 (1974).
Starr, J., Wagner, G., Draffin, R., Reed, J., Walston, A., Behar, V.: Vectorcardiographic criteria for the diagnosis of anterior myocardial infarction. Circulation 53, 229 (1976).
Stein, P., Simon, A.: Vectorcardiographic diagnosis of diaphragmatic myocardial infarction. Amer. J. Cardiol. 38, 568 (1976).
Suzuki, K., Toyama, S.: Vectorcardiographic citeria of high posterior infarion: Differentiation from normal subjects, right ventricular hypertrophy and primary myocardial disease. J. Electrocardiol. 11, 159 (1978).
Thomae, U., Komarek, J.: Vektorkardiographische Differenzierung von Hinterwand-and Diaphragmalinfarkten. Z. Kreisl.Forsch. 61, 713 (1971).
Toutouzas, P., Hubner, P., Sainani, G., Shillingford, J.: Va-lue of vectorcardiogram in diagnosis of posterior and inferior myocardial infarction. Brit. Heart J. 31, 629 (1969).
Toutouzas, P., Avgoustakis, D., Koroxenides, G., Athanas-Siou, V.: The electrocardiogram and vectorcardiogram in the diagnosis of the old inferior infarction. J. Electrocardiol. 6, 319 (1973).
Varriale, P., Kennedy, R. J.: Right bundle branch block and left posterior fascicular block. Amer. J. Cardiol. 29, 459 (1972).
Walsh, T. J.: The Frank vectorcardiogram in left bundle branch block with myocardial infarction. In: Vectorcardiographie 1965 ( J. HOFFMANN, R. C. TEYMOR, Hrsg.). Amsterdam-London: North-Holland 1966.
Varriale, P., Kennedy, R. J., Alfenito, J. C.: Vectorcardio-gram of combined ventricular hypertrophy: Posterior counterclockwise loop (Frank system). Brit. Heart J. 31, 457 (1969).z
Wenger, R., Hupka, K.: Vektorkardiographische Untersuchungen bei Patienten mit Schenkelblock and Herzmuskelinfarkt. Cardiologia (Basel) 29, 196 (1956).
Yamauchi, K., Segal, M., Tatematsu, H., Srimonson, E.: Ana-lysis of discrepancies between VCG and ECG interpretation of anterior wall myocardial infarction. J. Electrocardiol. 10 (2), 171 (1977).
Young, E., Williams, C.: The frontal plane vectorcardiogram in old inferior myocardial infarction. Circulation 37, 604 (1968).
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1982 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Bilger, R., Gabriel, HJ., Schober, B. (1982). Vektorkardiographie. In: Herzkrankheiten. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-96617-0_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-96617-0_11
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-96618-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-96617-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive