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Glaukome und Hypotonie-Syndrome (Pathologie des abnormen intraokularen Drucks)

  • Chapter
Pathologie des Auges

Part of the book series: Spezielle pathologische Anatomie ((SPEZIELLE,volume 12))

Zusammenfassung

Der normale intraokulare (Gewebs-)Druck von durchschnittlich 15 mm Hg beim Erwachsenen liegt erheblich über dem mittleren Gewebsdruck fast aller anderen menschlichen Organe — mit Ausnahme der Nieren. Diese hohe intraokulare Tension ist Voraussetzung für die regelrechte Funktion des Sehorgans. Sie gewährleistet u.a. die glatte Wölbung der Hornhautoberfläche — die die optische Abbildung entscheidend mitbestimmt — wie auch die gleichmäßige Ausrichtung der retinalen Rezeptoren und des Pigmentepithels auf der faltenlos gespannten Bruchsehen Membran über dem chorioidalen Gefäßpolster. Kurz dauernde Abweichungen des Druckes von der Norm durch vorübergehende äußere Einwirkung hinterlassen keine Schäden: Offenbar verträgt das Auge für Sekundenbruchteile selbst extreme Steigerungen des intraokularen Druckes — z.B. auf 900 mm Hg für 0,3 msec (durch Explosionen bei experimenteller Iris-Licht-Koagulation) ohne nachweisbare Folgen (McNaire et al., 1974). Auch kurz dauernde Senkungen des intraokularen Druckes, etwa durch Massage, sind ohne Belang.

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Naumann, G.O.H. (1980). Glaukome und Hypotonie-Syndrome (Pathologie des abnormen intraokularen Drucks). In: Pathologie des Auges. Spezielle pathologische Anatomie, vol 12. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-96500-5_14

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