Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

General Physiology of Tubulins and Microtubules

  • Chapter
Microtubules

Abstract

At this point, we have reached a good knowledge of the chemical make-up, the structure, and the modes of assembly of MT. Before analyzing the role of tubulin in the formation of far more complex organelles, like centrioles and cilia, and the effects of various drugs on MT, some fundamental data about general aspects of MT physiology will be considered: the synthesis of tubulins in the cell; its regulation; the role of nucleating sites for the assembly of MT; the various associations of MT with cell organelles and with other MT to form complex structures. Like the great polymorphism of tubulin molecules association, MT themselves may become grouped in various numbers to build, with the help of other proteins, complex structures such as the centrioles, the basal bodies, the cilia, the axonemes, and the mitotic spindle: a detailed survey of these will be given in Chapters 4, 6 and 10.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 74.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Albertini, D. F., Clark, J. I.: Membrane-microtubule interactions: Concanavalin A capping induced redistribution of cytoplasmic microtubules and colchicine binding proteins. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 72, 4976–4980 (1975)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Allen, R. D.: Evidence for firm linkages between microtubules and membrane-bounded vesicles. J. Cell Biol. 64, 497–502 (1975)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Angeletti, P. U., Levi-Montalcini, R., Caramia, F.: Ultrastructural changes in sympathetic neurons of newborn and adult mice treated with nerve growth factor. J. Ultrastr. Res. 36, 24–36 (1971)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Aubin, J. E., Carlsen, S. A., Ling, V.: Colchicine permeation is required for inhibition of Concanavahn-A capping in Chinese hamster ovary. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 72, 4516–4520 (1975)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Auclair, W., Siegle, B. W.: Cilia regeneration in the sea urchin embryo: evidence for a pool of ciliary proteins. Science 154, 913–915 (1966)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Bamburg, J. R., Shooter, E. M., Wilson, L.: Developmental changes in micro tubule protein of chick brain. Biochemistry 12, 1476–1481 (1973)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Bardele, C. F.: Comparative study of axopodial microtubule patterns and possible mechanisms of pattern control in the centrohelidian heliozoa Acanthocystis, Raphidiophrys and Heterophrys. J. Cell Sci. 25, 205–232 (1977)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Barondes, S. H., Feit, H.: Metabolism of microtubular protein in mouse brain. In: Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Conditions (eds.: G. E. W. Wolstenholme, M. O’Connor), pp. 267–276. Ciba Foundation Symposium. London: Churchill 1970

    Google Scholar 

  9. Becker, J. S., Oliver, J. M., Berlin, R. D.: Fluorescence techniques for following interactions of microtubule subunits and membranes. Nature (London) 254, 152–153 (1975)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Behnke, O., Forer, A.: Evidence for four classes of microtubules in individual cells. J. Cell Sci. 2, 169–192 (1967)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Berlin, R. D.: Microtubules and the fluidity of the cell surface. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 253, 445–454 (1975)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Berlin, R. D.: Microtubule membrane interactions: fluorescence techniques. In: Microtubules and Microtubule Inhibitors (eds.: M. Borgers, M. De Brabander), pp. 327–339. Amsterdam: North Holland Publ. Co. 1975

    Google Scholar 

  13. Bessis, M., Breton-Gorius, J., Thiery, J. P.: Centriole, corps de Golgi et aster des leucocytes. Etude au microscope électronique. Rev. Hématol. 13, 363–386 (1958)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Bhattacharyya, B., Wolff, J.: Membrane-bound tubulin in brain and thyroid tissue. J. Biol. Chem. 250, 7639–7647 (1975)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Bhattacharyya, B., Wolff, J.: Polymerisation of membrane tubulin. Nature (London) 264, 576–577 (1976)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Bieber, R. W., Stone, G. E.: Microtubule protein synthesis in vinblastine synchronized Tetrahymena. J. Cell Biol. 55, 19 a (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Bird, M. M., Liberman, A. R.: Microtubule fascicles in the stem processes of cultured sensory ganglion cells. Cell Tissue Res. 169, 41–48 (1976)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Bloodgood, R. A.: Resorption of organelles containing microtubules. Cytobios 9, 142–161(1974)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Brinkley, B. R., Fuller, G. M., Highfield, D. P.: Cytoplasmic microtubules in normal and transformed cells in culture. Analysis by tubulin antibody immunofluorescence. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 72, 4981–4985 (1975)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Brown, D. L., Bouck, G. B.: Microtubule biogenesis and cell shape in Ochromonas. II. The role of nucleating sites in shape development. J. Cell Biol. 56, 360–378 (1973)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. BÜcher, N. L. R., Berkley, P.: Synthesis of microtubule protein during regeneration of rat liver. J. Cell Biol. 55, 31a (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Burchill, B. R.: Effects of ultraviolet light on microtubule formation. J. Cell Biol. 59, 38 a (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Burnside, B., Kozak, C., Kafatos, F. C.: Tubulin determination by an isotope dilutionvinblastine precipitation method. The tubulin content of Spisula eggs and embryos. J. Cell Biol. 59, 755–761 (1973)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Burton, P. R.: Effects of various treatments on microtubules and axial units of lung-fluke spermatozoa. Z. Zellforsch. 87, 226–248 (1968)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Cachon, J., Cachon, M.: Le système axopodial des Radiolaires Nasselaires. Origine, organisation et rapports avec les autres organites cellulaires. Arch. Protistenk. 113, 80–97 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Cachon, J., Cachon, M.: Les systèmes axopodiaux. Année Biol. 13, 523–560 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Cachon, J., Cachon, M., Febvre-Chevalier, C., Febvre, J.: Déterminisme de l’édification des systèmes microtubulaires stéréoplasmiques d’Actinopodes. Arch. Protistenk. 115, 137–153 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  28. Cachon, J., Cachon-Enjumet, L.: Ultrastructure des Amoebophryidae (Péridiniens Du-boscquodinida). II. Systèmes atractophoriens et microtubulaires; leur intervention dans la mitose. Protistologia 6, 57–70 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Clark, J. L., Albertini, D. F.: Filaments, microtubules and colchicine receptors in capped ovarian granulosa cells. In: Cell Motility (eds.: R. Goldman, T. Pollard, J. Rosenbaum). pp. 323–332. Cold Spring Harbor Lab. 1976

    Google Scholar 

  30. Coyne, B., Rosenbaum, J. L.: Flagellar elongation and shortening in Chlamydomonas. II. Reutilization of flagellar proteins. J. Cell Biol. 47, 777–781 (1970)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Dales, S.: Association between the spindle apparatus and reovirus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 50, 268–275 (1963)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Dales, S., Chardonnet, Y.: Early events in the interaction of adenoviruses with HeLa cells. IV. Association with microtubules and the nuclear pore complex during vectorial movement of the inoculum. Virology 56, 465–483 (1973)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Dales, S.: Involvement of the microtubule in replication cycles of animal viruses. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 253, 440–444 (1975)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. De Brabander, M.: Onderzoek naar de rol van microtubuli in gekweekte cellen met behulp van een nieuwe synthetische inhibitor van tubulin polymerisatie. Thesis, Brussels 1977

    Google Scholar 

  35. De Brabander, M., Borgers, M.: Intranuclear microtubules in mast cells. Pathol. Eur. 10, 17–20 (1975)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. de Harven, E.: The centriole and the mitotic spindle. In: Ultrastructure in Biological Systems (eds.: A. J. Dalton, F. Haguenau). Vol. 3, pp. 197–227. New York, London: Academic Press 1968

    Google Scholar 

  37. de Harven, E., Bernhard, W.: Etude au microscope électronique de l’ultrastructure du centriole chez les Vertébrés. Z. Zellforsch. 45, 378–498 (1956)

    Google Scholar 

  38. Dirksen, E. R., Staprans, I.: Microtubule protein levels during ciliogenesis. J. Cell Biol. 59, 83 a (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  39. Dirksen, E. R., Staprans, I.: Tubulin synthesis during ciliogenesis in the mouse oviduct. Developm. Biol. 46, 1–13 (1975)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Edelman, G. M., Wang, J. L., Yahara, I.: Surface-modulating assemblies in mammalian cells. In: Cell Motility (eds.: R. Goldman, T. Pollard, J. Rosenbaum). Cold Spring Harbor Lab. 1976

    Google Scholar 

  41. Edelman, G. M., Yahara, I., Wang, J. L.: Receptor mobility and receptor-cytoplasmic interactions in lymphocytes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 70, 1442–1446 (1973)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Everhart, L. P. Jr.: Heterogeneity of microtubule proteins from Tetrahymena cilia. J. Mol. Biol. 61, 745–748 (1971)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Farrell, K. W., Burns, R. G.: Regulation of microtubule assembly. J. Cell Biol. 63, 98 a (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  44. Feit, H., Barondes, S. H.: Colchicine-binding activity in particulate fractions of mouse brain. J. Neurochem. 17, 1355–1364 (1970)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Floor, E. R., Gilbert, J. M., Nowak, T. S. Jr.: Evidence for the synthesis of tubulin on membrane-bound and free ribosomes from rat forebrain. Bioch. Biophys. Acta. 442, 285–296 (1976)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Fujiwara, K., Tilney, L. G.: Substructural analysis of the microtubule and its polymorphic forms. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 253, 27–50 (1975)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Fullilove, S. L., Jacobson, A. G.: Nuclear elongation and cytokinesis in Drosophila montana. Developm. Biol. 26, 560–577 (1971)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Fulton, C., Kowit, J. D.: Programmed synthesis of flagellar tubulin during cell differentiation in Naegleria. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 253, 318–332 (1975)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Furcht, L. T., Scott, R. E.: Effect of vinblastine sulfate, colchicine and lumicolchicine on membrane organization of normal and transformed cells. Exp. Cell Res. 96, 271–282 (1975)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Galatis, B., Apostlakos, P.: Associations between microbodies and a system of cytoplasmic tubules in oil-body cells of Marchantia. Planta 131, 217–222 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  51. Gibbons, I. R.: Chemical dissection of cilia. Arch. Biol. (Liège) 76, 317–352 (1965)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Gilmore-Hebert, M. A., Heywood, S. M.: Translation of tubulin messenger ribonucleic acid. Bioch. Biophys. Acta 454, 55–66 (1976)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Gilmore, M. A., Heywood, S. M.: Tubulin synthesis in a heterologous cell-free system. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 253, 348–351 (1975)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Goldberg, M.: Central tesselations. Scr. Mathem. 21, 253–260 (1955)

    Google Scholar 

  55. Goldstein, I. M., Hoffstein, S., Weissmann, G., Chauvet, G., Robineaux, R.: Lysosomal enzyme release and microtubule assembly induced by phorbol myristate acetate. J. Cell Biol. 63, 113 a (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  56. Gonatas, N. K., Margolis, G., Kilham, L.: Reovirus type III encephalitis: observations of virus-cell interactions in neural tissues. II. Electron microscopic studies. Lab. Investig. 24, 101–109 (1971)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Gray, E. G., Westrum, L. E.: Microtubules assodated with nuclear pore complexes and coated pits in the central nervous system. Cell Tissue Res. 168, 445–454 (1976)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Harris, W. F.: The arrangement of the axonemal microtubules and links of Echinosphaerium nucleofilum. J. Cell Biol. 46, 183–187 (1970)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Harris, W. F., Robison, W. G. Jr.: Dislocations in microtubular bundles within spermatozoa of the coccid insect Neoseingelia texana and evidence for slip. Nature (London) 246, 513–514 (1973)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Heidemann, S. R., Kirschner, M. W.: Aster formation in eggs of Xenopus laevis. Induction by isolated basal bodies. J. Cell Biol. 67, 105–117 (1975)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Hoffstein, S., Soberman, R., Goldstein, I., Weissmann, G.: Concanavalin induced microtubule assembly and specific granule discharge in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. J. Cell Biol. 68, 781–786 (1976)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Huang, B., Pitelka, D. R.: The contractile process in the ciliate Stentor coeruleus. I. The role of microtubules and filaments. J. Cell Biol. 57, 704–728 (1973)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Jones, C. W.: The pattern of microtubules in the axonemes of Gymnosphaera albida Sassaki: evidence for 13 protofilaments. J. Cell Sci. 18, 133–156 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  64. Jorgensen, A. O., Heywood, S. M.: Synthesis of embryonic chick microtubule protein (tubulin). J. Cell Biol. 59, 159 a (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  65. Ketelbant-Balasse, P., Nève, P.: New ultrastructural features of the Cream hamster thyroid with special reference to the second kind of follicle. Cell Tissue Res. 166, 49–63 (1976)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Kiefer, B. I.: Development, organization and degeneration of the Drosophila sperm flagellum. J. Cell Sci. 6, 177–194 (1970)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Kim, K. S., Fulton, J. P.: An association of plant cell microtubules and viral particles. Virology 64, 560–565 (1975)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Kitching, J. A.: Effects of high hydrostatic pressures on Actinophrys sol (Heliozoa). J. Exp. Biol. 34, 511–517 (1957)

    Google Scholar 

  69. Kitching, J. A.: The axopods of the sun animalcule Actinophrys sol (Heliozoa). In: Primitive Motile Systems in Cell Biology (ed.: R. A. Allen). pp. 445–456. New York, London: Acad. Press 1964

    Google Scholar 

  70. Kohler, M. R., Spendlove, R. S.: Reovirus infected cells for studying microtubules and spindle poisons. Cytobios 9, 131–142 (1974)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Kornguth, S. E., Sunderland, E.: Isolation and partial characterization of a tubulin-like protein from human and swine synaptosomal membranes. Bioch. Biophs. Acta 389, 100–114 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  72. Lafountain, J. R. Jr.: An association between microtubules and aligned mitochondria in Nephrotoma spermatocytes. Exp. Cell Res. 71, 325–328 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  73. Lawrence, J. H., Wheatley, D. N.: Synthesis of microtubule protein in HeLa cells approaching division. Cytobios. 13, 167–179 (1975)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Levi-Montalcini, R., Angeletti, R. H., Angeletti, P. U.: The nerve growth factor. In: The Structure and Function of Nervous Tissue (ed.: G. H. Bourne). Vol. 5, pp. 1–58. New York, London: Acad. Press 1972

    Google Scholar 

  75. Luftig, R. B., Weihing, R. R.: Adenovirus binds to rat brain microtubules in vitro. J. Virol. 16, 696–706 (1975)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. McGill, M., Brinckley, B. R.: Human chromosomes and centrioles as nucleating sites for the in vitro assembly of microtubules from bovine brain tubulin. J. Cell Biol. 67, 189–199 (1975)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. MacGregor, H. C., Stebbings, H.: A massive system of microtubules associated with cytoplasmic movement in telotrophic ovarioles. J. Cell Sci. 6, 431–449 (1970)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Matus, A. L., Walters, B. B., Mughal, S.: Immunohistochemical demonstration of tubulin associated with microtubules and synaptic junctions in mammalian brain. J. Neurocytol. 4, 733–744 (1975)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Mazia, D.: The analysis of cell reproduction. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 90, 455–469 (1960)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Mazia, D.: Mitosis and the physiology of cell division. In: The Cell. Biochemistry, Physiology, Morphology (eds.: J. Brachet, A. E. Mirsky). Vol. 3, pp. 77–412. New York, London: Acad. Press 1961

    Google Scholar 

  81. Mazia, D., Roslansky, J. D.: The quantitative relations between total cell proteins and the proteins of the mitotic apparatus. Protoplasma 46, 528–534 (1956)

    Google Scholar 

  82. Meeker, G. L., Iversen, R. M.: Tubulin synthesis in fertilized sea urchin eggs. Exp. Cell Res. 64, 129–132 (1971)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Miller, J. H.: An investigation of the microtubule protein in the mature oocytes of Urechis caupo. Exp. Cell Res. 81, 342–350 (1973)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Miller, J. H., Epel, D.: Studies of oogenesis in Urechis caupo. II. Accumulation, during oogenesis, of carbohydrate, RNA, microtubule protein, and soluble mitochondrial, and lysosomal enzymes. Developm. Biol. 32, 331–344 (1973)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Mollenhauer, H. H.: Distribution of microtubules in the Golgi apparatus of Euglena gracilis. J. Cell Sci. 15, 89–98 (1974)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Moore, K. C.: Pressure-induced regression of oral apparatus microtubules in synchronized Tetrahymena. J. Ultrastr. Res. 41, 499–518 (1972)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Morgan, J. L., Seeds, N. W.: Tubulin constancy during morphological differentiation of mouse neuroblastoma cells, J. Cell Biol. 67, 136–145 (1975)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Nelsen, E. M.: Regulation of tubulin during ciliary regeneration in non-growing Tetrahymena. Exp. Cell Res. 94, 152–158 (1975)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Oliver, J. M.: Microtubules, cyclic GMP and control of cell surface topography. In: Immune Recognition (ed.: A. S. Kosenthal). New York: Acad. Press 1975

    Google Scholar 

  90. Oliver, J. M.: Concanavalin A cap formation on human polynuclear leukocytes induced by R 17934. A new antitumor drug that interferes with microtubules assembly. J. Reticuloend. Soc. 19, 389–395 (1976)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Oliver, J. M., Albertini, D. F., Berlin, R. D.: Effect of glutathione-oxidizing agents on microtubule assembly and microtubule-dependent surface properties of human neutrophils. J. Cell Biol. 71, 921–932 (1976)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Oliver, J. M., Ukena, T. E., Berlin, R. D.: Effects of phagocytosis and colchicine on the distribution of lectin-binding sites on cell surfaces. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 71, 394–398(1974)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Piatigorsky, J.: Lens cell elongation in vitro and microtubules. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 253, 333–347 (1975)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Piatigorsky, J., Rothschild, S. S., Wolberg, M.: Stimulation by insulin of cell elongation and microtubule assembly in embryonic chick lens epithelium. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 70, 1195–1198 (1973)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Pickett-Heaps, J. D.: Aspects of spindle evolution. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 253, 352–361 (1975)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Pipeleers, D. G., Pipeleers-Marichal, M. A., Kipnis, D. M.: Regulation of tubulin synthesis in islets of Langerhans. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 73, 3188–3191 (1976)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Pyne, C. K., Tuffrau, M.: Structure et ultrastructure de l’appareil cytopharyngien et des tubules complexes en relation avec celui-ci chez le cilié gymnostome Chilodonella uncinata Ehrbg. J. Microscopie 9, 503–516 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  98. Raff, R. A., Brandis, J. W., Green, L. H., Kaumeyer, J. F., Raff, E. C.: Microtubule protein pools in early development. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 253, 304–317 (1975)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Raff, R. A., Greenhouse, G., Gross, K. W., Gross, P. R.: Synthesis and storage of microtubule proteins by sea urchin embryos. J. Cell Biol. 50, 516–528 (1971)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Raff, R. A., Kaumeyer, J. F.: Soluble microtubule proteins of the sea urchin embryo: partial characterization of the proteins and behavior of the pool in early development. Developm. Biol. 32, 309–320 (1973)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Raine, C. S., Ghetti, B., Shelanski, M. L.: On the association between microtubules and mitochondria within axons. Brain Res. 34, 389–393 (1971)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Rannestad, J.: The regeneration of cilia in partially deciliated Tetrahymena. J. Cell Biol. 63, 1009–1017 (1974)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Robison, W. G. Jr.: Microtubular patterns in spermatozoa of coccid insects in relation to bending. J. Cell Biol. 52, 66–83 (1972)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  104. Roisen, F. J., Murphy, R. A.: Neunte development in vitro. II. The role of microfilaments and microtubules in dibutyryl adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate and nerve growth factor stimulated maturation. J. Neurobiol. 4, 397–412 (1973)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Rosenbaum, J., Carlson, A.: Cilia regeneration in Tetrahymena and inhibition by colchi-cine. J. Cell Biol. 40, 415–425 (1969)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Rosenbaum, J. L., Child, F. M: Flagellar regeneration in protozoan flagellates. J. Cell Biol. 34, 345–364 (1967)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Rosenbaum, J. L., Moulder, J. E., Ringo, D. L.: Flagellar elongation and shortening in Chlamydomonas. The use of cycloheximide and colchicine to study the synthesis and assembly of flagellar proteins. J. Cell Biol. 41, 600–619 (1969)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Roth, L. E., Pihlaja, D. J., Shigenaka, Y.: Microtubules in the heliozoan axopodium. I. The gradion hypothesis of allosterism in structural proteins. J. Ultrastr. Res. 30, 7–37 (1970)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Ryan, G. B., Borysenko, J. Z., Karnovsky, M. J.: Factors affecting the redistribution of surface bound concanavalin A on human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. J. Cell Biol. 62, 351–365(1974)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. Sajnani, A. N., Ranadive, N. S., Movat, H. Z.: Redistribution of immunoglobulin receptors on human neutrophils and its relationship to the release of lysosomal enzymes. Lab. Investig. 35, 143–151 (1976)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Schreiner, G. F., Unanue, E. R.: Calcium-sensitive modulation of Ig capping: evidence supporting a cytoplasmic control of ligand receptor complexes. J. Exp. Med. 143, 15–31 (1976)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Sekiguchi, K., Asano, A.: Effect of colchicine on virus-induced fusion of human erythro-cytes. Life Sci. 18, 1383–1390 (1976)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. Shay, J. W.: Electron microscopic studies of induced alterations in microtubular elements of Rhynosciara spermatozoa. J. Cell Biol. 47, 188 a (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  114. Shay, J. W.: Electron microscope studies of spermatozoa of Rhynchosciara sp. I. Disruption of microtubules by various treatments. J. Cell Biol. 54, 598–608 (1972)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Smith, D. S., Järlfors, U., Beráneck, R.: The organization of synaptic axoplasm in the lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) central nervous system. J. Cell Biol. 46, 199–219 (1970)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. Snyder, J. A., McIntosh, J. R.: Initiation and growth of microtubules from mitotic centers in lysed mammalian cells. J. Cell Biol. 67, 409 a (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  117. Soifer, D., Braun, T., Hechter, O.: Insulin and microtubules in rat adipocytes. Science 172, 269–270 (1971)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. Spendlove, R. S., Lennette, E., John, A. C.: The role of the mitotic apparatus in the intracellular location of reovirus antigen. J. Immunol. 90, 554–560 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  119. Stadler, J., Franke, W. W.: Characterization of the colchicine binding of membrane fractions from rat and mouse liver. J. Cell Biol. 60, 297–303 (1974)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. Staprans, L., Dirksen, E. R.: Microtubule protein during ciliogenesis in the mouse oviduct. J. Cell Biol. 62, 164–174 (1974)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. Stebbings, H., Bennett, C. E.: The sleeve element of microtubules. In: Microtubules and Microtubule Inhibitors (eds.: M. Borgers, M. De Brabander). pp. 35–45. Amsterdam: North-Holland Publ. Co. 1975

    Google Scholar 

  122. Stephens, R. E.: Studies on the development of the sea-urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis. II. Regulation of mitotic spindle equilibrium by environmental temperature. III. Embryonic synthesis of ciliary proteins. Biol. Bull. 142, 145—159; 489–504 (1972)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. Tanaka, K.: Intranuclear microtubule organizing center in early prophase nuclei of the plasmodium of the slime mold, Physarum polycephalum. J. Cell Biol. 57, 220–224 (1973)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. Taylor, R. B., Duffus, W. P. H., Raff, M. C., de Petris, S.: Redistribution and pinocytosis of lymphocyte surface immunoglobulin molecules induced by anti-immunoglobulin antibody. Nature New Biol. 233, 225–229 (1971)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  125. Telzer, B. R., Moses, M. J., Rosenbaum, J. L.: Assembly of microtubules onto kinetochores of isolated mitotic chromosomes of HeLa cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 72, 4023–4027 (1975)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  126. Thompson, G. A. Jr., Baugh, L. C., Walker, L. F.: Nonlethal deciliation of Tetrahymena by a local anesthetic and its utility as a tool for studying cilia regeneration. J. Cell Biol. 61, 253–256 (1974)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  127. Thurm, U.: An insect mechanoreceptor. I. Fine structure and adequate stimulus. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 30, 75–82 (1965)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  128. Tilney, L. G.: How microtubule patterns are generated. The relative importance of nucleation and bridging of microtubules in the formation of the axoneme of Raphidiophrys. J. Cell Biol. 51, 837–854 (1971)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  129. Tilney, L. G., Byers, B.: Studies on the microtubules in Heliozoa. V. Factors controlling the organization of microtubules in the axonemal pattern in Echinosphaerium (Actinosphaerium) nucleofilum. J. Cell Biol. 43, 148–165 (1969)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  130. Tilney, L. G., Gibbins, J. R.: Differential effects of antimitotic agents on the stability and behavior of cytoplasmic and ciliary microtubules. Protoplasma 65, 167–179 (1968)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. Tilney, L. G., Goddard, J.: Nucleating sites for the assembly of cytoplasmic microtubules in the ectodermal cells of blastulae of Arbacia punctulata. J. Cell Biol. 46, 564–575 (1970)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  132. Timey, L. G., Porter, K. R.: Studies on the microtubules in Heliozoa. I. The fine structure of Actinosphaerium nucleofilum (Barrett) with particular reference to the axial rod structure. Protoplasma 60, 317–344 (1965)

    Google Scholar 

  133. Timey, L. G., Porter, K. R.: Studies on the microtubules in Heliozoa. II. The effect of low temperature on these structures in the formation and maintenance of the axopodia. J. Cell Biol. 34, 327–343 (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  134. Tucker, J. B.: Fine structure and function of the cytopharyngeal basket in the Ciliate Nas-sula. J. Cell Sci. 3, 493–514 (1968)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  135. Tucker, J. B.: Morphogenesis of a large microtubular organelle and its association with basal bodies in the Ciliate Nassula. J. Cell Sci. 6, 385–429 (1970)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  136. Tucker, J. B.: Initiation and differentiation of microtubule patterns in the Ciliate Nassula. J. Cell Sci. 7, 793–821 (1970)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  137. Tucker, J. B.: Microtubule arms and propulsion of food particles inside large feeding organelle in the Ciliate Phascolodon vorticella. J. Cell Sci. 10, 883–903 (1972)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  138. Tucker, J. B., Dunn, M., Pattisson, J. B.: Control of microtubule pattern during the development of a large organelle in the ciliate Nassula. Developm. Biol. 47, 439–453 (1975)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  139. Unanue, E. R.: Cellular events following binding of antigen to lymphocytes. Am. J. Path. 77, 1–20 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  140. Unanue, E. R., Karnovsky, M. J.: Ligand-induced movement of lymphocyte membrane macromolecules. V. Capping, cell movement, and microtubular function m normal and lectin-treated lymphocytes. J. Exp. Med. 140, 1207–1220 (1974)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  141. Weeks, D. P., Collis, P. S.: Induction of microtubule protein synthesis in Chlamydomonas reinhardi during flagellar regeneration. Cell 9, 15–29 (1976)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  142. Weissmann, G., Goldstein, L., Hoffstein, S., Tsung, P. K.: Reciprocal effects of cAMP and cGMP on microtubule-dependent release of lysosomal enzymes. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 253, 750–762 (1975)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  143. Went, H. A.: Some immunochemical studies on the mitotic apparatus of the sea urchin. J. Biophys. Biochem. Cytol. 5, 353–356 (1959)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  144. Westrum, L. E., Gray, E. G.: Microtubules and membrane specializations. Brain Res. 105, 547–550 (1976)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  145. Williams, N. E.: Regulation of microtubules in Tetrahymena. Intern. Rev. Cytol. 41, 59–86 (1975)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  146. Williams, N. E., Frankel, J.: Regulation of microtubules in Tetrahymena. I. Electron microscopy of oral replacement. J. Cell Biol. 56, 441–457 (1973)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  147. Williams, N. E., Nelson, E. M.: Regulation of microtubules in Tetrahymena. II. Relation between turnover of microtubule proteins and microtubule dissociation and assembly during oral replacement. J. Cell Biol. 56, 458–465 (1973)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  148. Wunderlich, F., Muller, R., Speth, V.: Direct evidence for a colchicine-induced impairment in the mobility of membrane components. Science 182, 1136–1137 (1973)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  149. Yahara, I., Edelman, G. M.: Modulation of lymphocyte receptor mobility by concanavalin A and colchicine. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 253, 455–469 (1975)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  150. Yahara, I., Edelman, G. M.: Electron microscopic analysis of the modulation of lymphocyte receptor mobility. Exp. Cell. Res. 91, 125–142 (1975)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  151. Yamada, K. M., Spooner, B. S., Wessells, N. K.: Ultrastructure and function of growth cones and axons of cultured nerve cells. J. Cell Biol. 49, 614–635 (1971)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  152. Yamada, K. M., Wessells, N. K.: Axon elongation. Effect of nerve growth factor on microtubule protein. Exp. Cell Res. 66, 346–352 (1971)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  153. Zenner, H. P., Pfeuffer, T.: Microtubular proteins in pigeon erythrocyte membranes. Eur. J. Biochem. 71, 177–184 (1976)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  154. Zurier, R. B., Hoffstein, S., Weissmann, G.: Mechanism of lysosomal enzyme release from human leukocytes. I. Effect of cyclic nucleotides and colchicine. J. Cell Biol. 58, 27–41 (1973)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratoires d’Anatomie Pathologique et de Microscopie Electronique, Université Libre de Bruxelles, rue aux Laines 97, Bruxelles, B-1000, Belgium

    Prof. Dr. Pierre Dustin

Authors
  1. Prof. Dr. Pierre Dustin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1978 Springer-Verlag Berlin · Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Dustin, P. (1978). General Physiology of Tubulins and Microtubules. In: Microtubules. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-96436-7_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-96436-7_5

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-96438-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-96436-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation