Abstract
Multiple-pulse experiments have been applied to nuclear spins since the early days of NMR, beginning with the two pulse Hahn-echo [1], followed by three pulse echoes and the Carr-Purcell sequence [2], being the first cyclic multiple-pulse experiment at all. Later on modifications like the Gill-Meiboom [3] modification have been designed in order to reduce the influence of pulse errors which often have an accumulative effect in multiple-pulse sequences. Although these pulse sequences were first applied to liquids, it was soon realized, that similar pulse sequences could be applied to solids as well [4–8]. Even though only partial refocusing of the initial state was achieved, substantial insight into the spin dynamics of solids was gained in these experiments. Modified Carr-Purcell sequences applied to solids by Ostroff and Waugh [4] and by Mansfield and Ware [5] were unexpectedly successful in achieving a considerably lengthened decay of transverse magnetization. This effect contradicts the spin temperature hypothesis and was unexpected at first sight. Much effort was applied in designing more and more efficient multiple-pulse sequences. Since these sequences were promising in achieving a long transverse decay, but leaving resonance offset and chemical shift interactions effective, high resolution spectra in solids were expected. This development culminated in the four-pulse sequence by Waugh, Huber and Haeberlen [9], which is the most efficient basic multiple-pulse sequence up to date. Many modifications of this sequence have been proposed recently for correcting pulse errors.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Hahn, E. L.: Phys. Rev. 80, 580 (1950).
Carr, H. Y., Purcell, E. M.: Phys. Rev. 94, 630 (1954).
Gill, D., Meiboom, S.: Rev. Sci. Instr. 29, 688 (1958).
Ostroff, E. D., Waugh, J. S.: Phys. Rev. Letters 16, 1097, (1966).
Mansfield, P., Ware, D.: Phys. Letters 22, 133 (1966).
Waugh, J. S., Wang, C. H.: Phys. Rev. 162, 209 (1967).
Mansfield, P., Ware, D.: Phys. Rev. 168, 318 (1968).
Mansfield, P., Richards, K. H. B., Ware, D.: Phys. Rev. B1, 2048 (1970).
Waugh, J. S., Huber, L. M., Haeberlen, U.: Phys. Rev. Letters 20, 180 (1968).
Abragam, A.: The Pinciples of Nuclear Magnetism. London: Oxford Univ. Press 1961.
Goldman, M.: Spin Temperature and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in Solids. London: Oxfod Univ. Press 1970.
Haeberlen, U., Waugh, J. S.: Phys. Rev. 175, 453 (1968).
Van Vleck, J. H.: Phys. Rev. 74, 1168 (1948).
a) Zwanzig, R., In: Lectures in Theoretical Physics. New York: Interscience 1961. b) Mori, H.: Progr. Theor. Phys. Jap. 34, 399 (1965). c) Bosse, J.: (private communication).
a) Mori, H., Kawasaki, K.: Progr. Theoret. Phys. (Kyoto) 27, 529 (1962). b) Mori, H.: Progr. Theoret. Phys. (Kyoto) 33, 423 (1965).
Lado, F., Memory, J. D., Parker, G. W.: Phys. Rev. B4, 1406 (1971).
Tjon, J. A.: Phys. Rev. 143, 259 (1966).
a) Robertson, B.: Phys. Rev. 144, 151 (1966). b) Robertson, B.: Phys. Rev. 153, 391 (1967). c) Andersson, P. W., Weiss, P. R.: Rev. Mod. Phys. 25, 269 (1953).
Argyres, P. N., Kelley, P. L.: Phys. Rev. 134, A93 (1964).
Kivelson, D., Ogan, K.: Advan. Mag. Res. 7, 71 (1974).
Parker, G. W., Lado, F.: Phys. Rev. B8, 3081 (1973).
Parker, G. W., Lado, F.: Phys. Rev. B9, 22 (1974).
Demco, D., Tegenfeld, J., Waugh, J. S.: Phys. Rev. B11, 4133 (1975).
Ellett, J. D., Jr., Waugh, J. S.: J. Chem. Phys. 51, 2581 (1969).
Haeberlen, U.: Advan. Magn. Res. (in press).
a) Mansfield, P.: J. Phys. C: Solid State Phys. 4, 1444 (1971). b) Mansfield, P., Orchard, M. J., Stalker, D. C., Richards, K. H. B.: Phys. Rev. B7, 90 (1973).
Stacey, L. M., Vaughan, R. W., Elleman, D. D.: Phys. Rev. Letters 26, 1153 (1971).
Griffin, R. G., Ellett, J. D., Mehring, M., Bullitt, J. G., Waugh, J. S.: J. Chem. Phys. 57, 2147 (1972).
Mehring, M., Griffin, R. G., Waugh, J. S.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 92, 7222 (1970).
Mehring, M., Griffin, R. G., Waugh, J. S.: J. Chem. Phys. 55, 746 (1971).
Mansfield, P., Orchard, M. J., Stalker, D. C., Richards, K. H. B.: Phys. Rev. B7, 90 (1973).
Griffin, R. G., Yeung, H. N., LaPrade, M. D., Waugh, J. S.: J. Chem. Phys. 59, 111 (1973).
Rhim, W.-K., Elleman, D. D., Vaughan, R. W.: J. Chem. Phys. 59, 3740 (1973).
a) Vaughan, R. W., Elleman, D. D., Rhim, W.-K., Stacey, L. M.: J. Chem. Phys. 57, 5383 (1972).
b) Vaughan, R. W.: Annual Review in Materials Science, Vol. 4, (ed. by Huggins, Bube, R. A., Roberts, R. W.) Annual Review, Palo Alto, 1974.
Haeberlen, U., Kohlschütter, U.: Chem. Phys. 2, 76 (1973).
Haeberlen, U., Kohlschütter, U., Kempf, J., Spiess, H. W., Zimmermann, H.: Chem. Phys. 3, 248 (1974).
Grosescu, R., Achlama, A. M., Haeberlen, U., Spiess, H. W.: Chem. Phys. 5, 119 (1974).
Achlama, A. M., Kohlschütter, U., Haeberlen, U.: Chem. Phys. 7, 287 (1975).
Raber, H., Brünger, G., Mehring, M.: Chem. Phys. Letters 23, 400 (1973).
a) Haeberlen, U., Schnabel, B.: 18th Ampere Congress, p. 545. Nottingham 1974. b) Döhler, H., Neubauer, R., Schnabel, B.: Phys. Stat. Sol. b65, K141 (1974).
Schreiber, L. B., Vaughan, R. W.: Chem. Phys. Letters 28, 586 (1974).
a) Van Hecke, P., Weaver, J. C., Neff, B. L., Waugh, J. S.: J. Chem Phys. 60, 1668 (1974). b) Van Hecke, P., Weaver, J. C., Neff, B. L., Waugh, J. S.: Proc. First Specialised Colloque Ampere, Krakow, Poland 143 (1973).
a) Haubenreisser, U., Schnabel, B.: Proc. First Specialised Colloque Ampere, Krakow, Poland 140(1973). b) Haubenreisser, U., Schnabel, B., Scheler, G., Burghoff, U., Müller, R., Wilsch, R.: Phys. Stat. Sol. a20, K45 (1973). c) Wilsch, R., Burghoff, U., Müller, R., Rosenberger, H., Scheler, G., Pettig, M., Schnabel, B.: 18. Ampere Congress, Vol. 2, p. 553, Nottingham 1974.
Burghoff, U., Scheler, G., Müller, R.: Phys. Stat. Sol. a25, k31 (1974).
Mehring, M., Raber, H.: Solid State Commun. 13, 1637 (1973).
Kanert, O., Mehring, M.: NMR: Basic Principles and Progress, Vol. 3. Berlin-Heidelberg- New York: Springer.
a) Mehring, M., Kotzur, D., Kanert, O.: Phys. Stat. Sol. b35, K25 (1972). b) Kotzur, D., Mehring, M., Kanert, O.: Z. Naturforsch. 28a, 1607 (1973).
Mehring, M., Pines, A., Rhim, W.-K., Waugh, J. S.: J. Chem. Phys. 54, 3239 (1971).
a) Mehring, M., Raber, H., Sinning, G.: Proceedings of the 18th. Congress Ampere, p. 35. Nottingham (1974). b) Ackermann, H., Fujara, F.: spring meeting of the DPG, Freudenstadt, Germany (1976). c) Fujara, F.: Diploma work, Heidelberg 1975.
Bloch, F., Siegert, A.: Phys. Rev. 57, 522 (1940).
Wang, C. H., Ramshaw, J. D.: Phys. Rev. B6, 3253, 1972, also Wang, C. H.: J. Chem. Phys. 59, 225 (1973).
Magnus, W.: Com. Pure Apll. Math. 7, 649 (1954).
Pechukas, P., Light, F. C: J. Chem. Phys. 44, 3897 (1966).
Evans, W. A. B.: Ann. Phys. (N. Y.) 48, 72 (1968).
Bialnicky-Birula, Mielnik, B.: Ann. Phys. (N. Y.) 51, 187 (1969).
Mehring, M., Waugh, J. S.: Phys. Rev. B5, 3459 (1972).
a) Rhim, W.-K., Pines, A., Waugh, J. S.: Phys. Rev. Letters 25, 218 (1970). b) Rhim, W.-K., Pines, A., Waugh, J. S.: Phys. Rev. B3, 684 (1971).
Garroway, A. N., Mansfield, P., Stalker, D. C.: Phys. Rev. B11, 121 (1975).
Silberszyc, W.: Acta Phys. Satyr. 11, 1111 (1970).
Rhim, W.-K., Ellemann, D. D., Vaughan, R. W.: J. Chem. Phys. 58, 1772 (1973).
Mansfield, P.: Proceedings of the 17th. Congress Ampere, Turku 1972.
Rose, M. E.: Elementary Theory of Angular Momentum, p. 77. New York: J. Wiley 1967.
Brink, D. M., Satchler, G. R.: Angular Momentum, p. 48. London: Oxford Univ. Press 1968.
a) Mehring, M.: Z. Naturforsch. 27a, 1634 (1972), 28a, 804 (1973). b) Mehring, M.: Rev. Sci. Instr. 44, 64 (1973).
a) Ernst, H., Fenzke, D., Heink, W.: Colloq. Ampere, Krakow, Poland 1973. b) Ernst, H., Fenzke, D., Heink, W.: W. Wiss. Z. Karl-Marx-Univ. Math.-Naturw. R23, 545 (1974). c) Haubenreisser, U., Schnabel, B.: 18th. Ampere Congress, p. 551. Nottingham 1974.
Haeberlen, U., Ellett, J. D.,Jr., Waugh, J. S.: J. Chem. Phys. 55, 53 (1971).
Pines, A., Waugh, J. S.: J. Magn. Res. 8, 354 (1972).
Rhim, W.-K., Elleman, D. D., Schreiber, L. B., Vaughan, R. W.: J. Chem. Phys. 60, 4595 (1974).
Lan, N. Q., Pfeifer, H., Schmiedel, H.: Wiss. Z. Karl-Marx- Univ. Leipzig, Math.-Naturw. R23, 498 (1974).
Garroway, A. N., Mansfield, P., Stalker, D. C.: Phys. Rev. B11, 121 (1975).
Fenzke, D., Schmiedel, H.: Wiss. Z. Karl-Marx-Univ. Leipzig, Math.-Naturw. R23, 519 (1974).
Schmiedel, H.: Wiss. Z. Karl-Marx-Univ. Leipzig, Math.-Naturw. R23, 506 (1974).
Ernst, H., Fenzke, D., Heink, W.: Wiss. Z. Karl-Marx-Univ. Leipzig, Math.-Naturw. 23, 530. (1974).
Lee, M., Goldberg, W. I.: Phys. Rev. A140, 1261 (1965).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1976 Springer-Verlag Berlin · Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Mehring, M. (1976). Multiple-Pulse NMR Experiments. In: High Resolution NMR Spectroscopy in Solids. NMR Basic Principles and Progress / Grundlagen und Fortschritte, vol 11. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-96332-2_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-96332-2_3
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-96334-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-96332-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive