Abstract
The discrete sources of radio emission were first distinguished from the general background radiation during the 1940’s as a result of their rapid amplitude scintillations ; and initially, it was thought that the scintillations were due to fluctuations in the intrinsic intensity of the discrete sources. Assuming that the dimensions of the sources could not greatly exceed the distance traveled by light during a typical fluctuation period of about 1 minute, it was concluded that the discrete sources were galactic stars located at relatively small distances from our solar system. Thus the term “radio star” was often used in referring to these sources.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Bibliography
Aller, H. D. 1970. Astrophys. J. 161:19.
Baade, W., and R. Minkowski. 1954. Astrophys. J. 119:206.
Bennett, A. 1962. Monthly Notices Roy. Astron. Soc. 68:165.
Bolton, J. G., G. Stanley, and B. Slee. 1949. Nature 164:101.
Burbidge, G. 1972. Proc. I.A.U. Symposium No. 44, D. S. Evans, ed. New York: Springer-Verlag, p. 492.
Cameron, M. J. 1969. Proc. Astron. Soc. Australia, Vol. l, p. 229.
Cohen, M. 1969. Ann. Rev. Astron. AstroPhys. 7:619.
-, E. J. Gundermann, and D. E. Harris. 1967. Astrophys. J. 150:767.
De Young, D. S. 1971. Astrophys. J. 167:541.
-. 1972. Astrophys. J. 173:L7.
-, and W. I. Axford. 1967. Nature 216:129.
Dixon, R. S. 1970. Astrophys. J. Suppl. 20:1.
Edge, D. O., J. R. Shakeshaft, W. B. McAdam, J. E. Baldwin, and S. Archer. 1960. Mem. Roy. Astron. Soc. 68:37.
Fomalont, E. 1969. Astrophys. J. 157:1027.
-. 1973. Astrophys. Lett. 12:187.
Gardner, F. F., and W. B. Whiteoak. 1971. Australian J. Phys. 29:899.
Ginzburg, V. L. 1951. Dokl. Acad. Nauk 29:418.
Ginzburg, V. L., and S. I. Syrovotskii. 1964. The Origin of Cosmic Rays. New York: Pergamon Press.
Heeschen, D. S. 1960. Publ. Astron. Soc. Pacific 72:368.
-. 1966. Astrophys. J. 146:517.
-. 1970. Astrophys. Lett. 6:49.
von Hoerner, S. 1964. Astrophys. J. 140:65.
Hoyle, F., G. Burbidge, and W. L. Sargent. 1969. Nature 209:751.
Kardashev, N. 1962. Astron. Zh. 39:393. English trans. Soviet Astron. 6:317.
Kellermann, K. I., and I. I. K. Pauliny-Toth. 1968. Ann. Rev. Astron. AstroPhys. 6:417.
-, and I. I. K. Pauliny-Toth. 1969. Astro-phys. J. 155:L31.
-, 1.1. K. Pauliny-Toth, and P. J. Williams. 1969. Astrophys. J. 157:1.
Little, L. T., and A. Hewish. 1966. Monthly Notices Roy. Astron. Soc. 134:221.
Macdonald, G. H., S. Kenderdine, and A. C. Neville. 1968. Monthly Notices Roy. Astron. Soc. 138:259.
MacLeod, J. M., B. H. Andrew, W. J. Medd, and E. J. Olsen. 1971. Astrophys. Lett. 9:19.
Matthews, T., W. Morgan, and M. Schmidt. 1964. Astrophys. J. 140:35.
Miley, G. K. 1971. Monthly Notices Roy. Astron. Soc. 152:477.
-, and C. M. Wade. 1971. Astrophys. Lett. 8:11.
-, G. C. Perola, P. C. van der Kruit, and H. van der Laan. 1972. Nature 237:269.
Mitton, S., and M. Ryle. 1969. Monthly Notices Roy. Astron. Soc. 146:221.
Morgan, W. W. 1972. Proc. I.A.U. Symposium No. 44. D. S. Evans, ed. New York: Springer-Verlag, p. 97.
Ozernoy, L. M., and V. N. Sazonov. 1969. Astrophys. Space Sci. 3:395.
Pacholczyk, A. 1970. Radio Astrophysics. San Francisco : Freeman and Co.
Rees, M. 1967. Monthly Notices Roy. Astron. Soc. 135:345.
-. 1971. Nature 229:312.
Rogstad, P., and R. Ekers. 1969. Astrophys. J. 157:481.
Ryle, M., and M. Longair. 1967. Monthly Notices Roy. Astron. Soc. 136:123.
Scheuer, P. A. G. 1962. Australian J. Phys. 15: 333.
Sciama, D. W., and M. J. Rees. 1967. Nature 216:147.
Shklovsky, I. S. 1952. Astron. Zh. 29:418.
van der Kruit, P. C. 1971. Astron. AstroPhys. 15: 110.
van der Laan, H. 1966. Nature 211:1131.
-. 1971. Nuclei of Galaxies. D. J. K. O’Connell, ed. Amsterdam: North Holland.
-, and G. C. Perola. 1969. Astron. AstroPhys. 3: 468.
Wardle, J. 1971. Astrophys. Lett. 8:221.
General Bibliography
A. T. Moffet. “The Structure of Radio Galaxies,” Ann. Rev. Astron. AstroPhys. 4:145, 1966.
E. M. Burbidge. “Quasi-Stellar Objects,” Ann. Rev. Astron. AstroPhys. 5:399, 1967.
P. A. G. Scheuer, and P. J. S. Williams. “Radio Spectra,” Ann. Rev. Astron. AstroPhys. 6: 321, 1968.
K. I. Kellermann, and I. I. K. Pauliny-Toth. “Variable Radio Sources,” Ann. Rev. Astron. AstroPhys. 6:417,1968.
M. Schmidt. “Quasi- Stellar Objects,” Ann. Rev. Astron. AstroPhys. 7:527, 1969.
M. H. Cohen. “High-Resolution Observations of Radio Sources,” Ann. Rev. Astron. AstroPhys. 7:619, 1969.
G. R. Burbidge. “The Nuclei of Galaxies,” Ann. Rev. Astron. AstroPhys. 8:369, 1970.
G. R. Burbidge, and E. M. Burbidge. Quasi-Stellar Objects. New York: Freeman. 1967.
I. Robinson, A. Schild, and E. L. Schücking, eds. “Quasi Stellar Sources and Gravitational Collapse.” Proceedings of the First Texas Symposium on Relativistic Astrophysics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 1965.
K. N. Douglas, I. Robinson, A. Schild, E. L. Schücking, J. A. Wheeler, and N. J. Woolf, eds. “Quasars and High-Energy Astronomy.” Proceedings of the Second Texas Symposium on Relativistic Astrophysics. New York: Gordon and Breach. 1969.
D. J. K. O’Connell, ed. Nuclei of Galaxies. Amsterdam; North Holland. 1971.
D. S. Evans, ed. 1972. “External Galaxies and Quasi-Stellar Objects.” Proc. I.A.U. Symposium 44.
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1974 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kellermann, K.I. (1974). Radio Galaxies and Quasars. In: Verschuur, G.L., Kellermann, K.I. (eds) Galactic and Extra-Galactic Radio Astronomy. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-96178-6_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-96178-6_12
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-96180-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-96178-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive