Abstract
Pulse oximeters are a non-invasive means of estimating a patient’s arterial oxygen saturation, SaO2, by shining computer-controlled light from inexpensive LED’s through the tissue of an earlobe, finger or toe, or by reflecting Hght off the forehead, face, scalp or other well vascularized flat surface. A computer chip serves to coordinate the timing of Hght signals and records the changes in two or more wavelengths of hght. As each monochromatic LED is activated the transmitted light is detected as the amperage generated by a single inexpensive photoreceiving diode. The LEDs should selectively provide monochromatic hght in the region of 660 nm in the red where deoxyhemoglobin has increased absorption and 940 nm in the near infrared where oxyhemoglobin has slightly greater absorption as seen at the top of Fig. 1. The Hght transmitted varies as each pulse of blood flows through the tissue (17).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Anonymous. Hazard; Pulse oximeter interference from surgical lighting. Health Devices 1987; 16: 50–51
Aoyagi T (1989) Digest of Special Lecture at Japan Society for Clinical Anesthesia, November 2
Bucher H-U, Fanconi S, Baeckert P, Duc G (1989) Hyperoxemia in newborn infants: detection by pulse oximetry. Pediatrics 84(2): 226–230
Dillon WP et al. (1992) Obstetric care and cesarean birth rates: A program to monitor quality of care. Obstetrics and Gynecology Nov 1992 80(5): 731’35
Durand M, Ramanathan R (1986) Pulse oximetry for continuous oxygen monitoring in sick newborn infants. J Ped 109(6): 1052–56
Gravenstein JS, Larkin CR Jr (1994) Equipment competency — we might have a problem [editorial] J of Clinical Monitoring 10: 1–3
Jennis MS, Peabody JL (1987) Pulse oximetry an alternative method for assessment of oxygenation in newborn infants. Pediatrics 79: 524–28
Johnson N, Johnson VA, Bannister J, Lilford RJ (1990) The effect of caput succedaneum on oxygen saturation measurements. Br J of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 97(6): 493–8
Kim JM, Arakawa K, Benson KT, Fox DK (1986) Pulse oximetry and circulatory kinetics associated with pulse volume amplitude measured by photoelectric plethysmography. Anesthesia and Analgesia 65:1333–9
Knitza R, Buschman J (1991) Oxycardiotocografie (OCTG). Ein neues Verfahren zur Messung der fetalen Sauerstoffsattigung sub partu. Anwendung der Methode ( Oxycardiotocography. A new procedure for measuring fetal oxygen saturation subpartu. Use of the method.). Gynakologische Rundschau. 31: Suppl. 2: 125–6
Lampert R, Brandt L (1993) Einfluss einer Hyperbilirubinemia auf die Messung von oxygeniertem Hamoglobin (O2Hb), Carboxyhamoglobin (COHb) und Methamoglobin (MetHb), mit Mehrwellen-langenoxymetern im gemischtvenosen Blut. ( The effect of hyperbilirubinemia on the measurement of oxygenated hemoglobin (O2Hb), carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) and methemoglobin using multi-wavelength oximeters in mixed venous blood). Anaesthesist 42(10): 702–9
Lawson D, Norley I, Korbon G, et al. (1987) Blood flow limits and pulse oximeter signal detection. Anesthesiology 67: 864–65
Maxwell LG, Harris AP, Sendak MJ, Donham RT (1987) Monitoring the resuscitation of preterm infants in the delivery room using pulse oximetry. Clin Pediatrics 26(1): 18–22
Mendelsohn, Y etal. (1989) IEEE transactions on biomedical engineering, 36(6) : 625–27, June 1989
Miyasaka K, Katayama M, Kusakawa I, et al. Use of pulse oximetry in neonatal anesthesia. J of Perinatology 7(4): 343–5
Nakajima S, Hirai H,Takase H, Kuse A, Aoyagi S, Kishi M,Yamaguchi K (1975) New pulsed-type earpiece oximeter. Kokyu to Junkan 23: 709–13
Payne JP, Severinghaus JW eds. (1986) Pulse Oximetry. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag
Poets CF et al. (1993) Home event recordings of oxygenation, breathing movements, heart rate and rhythm in infants with recurrent life-threatening events. J of Pediatrics 123: 693–701
Private communications: manufacturer’s R&D engineering groups
Private communication: Nonin Medical, Inc. and Volggyesi GA. Method of Testing the Accuracy of Pulse Oximeters and Device Therefor US Patent No. 5,166,517 Issued Nov. 24,1992
Private communication: Nellcor Medical, Inc
RyanTJ. Development of the Cutaneous Circulation Chap 52 pp 555–565; Brace RA, Fluid Distribution in the Fetus and Neonate Chap 130 pp 1288–1298; Brans YWFetal and Neonatal Body Fluid Composition with Reference to Growth and Development Chap 131 pp 1299–1312 in Fetal and Neonatal Physiology, Vol. I & II, ed. by Polin, RA & Fox, WW; W.B. Saunders Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Santamaria T, Williams JS (1994) Pulse Oximetry, Medical Device Research Report; 1(2): 8–10 Mar/Apr, 1994 AAMI, Arlington, Va
Severinghaus JW, Naifeh KH (1987) Accuracy of response of six pulse oximeters to profound hypoxia. Anesthesiology 67: 551–558
Severinghaus JW Spellman MJ Jr (1990) Pulse oximeter failure thresholds in hypotension and vasoconstriction. Anesthesiology 73(3): 527–7
Sidi A, Paulus DA, Rush W, et al. (1987) Methylene blue and indocyanine green artifactually lower pulse oximetry readings of oxygen saturation. Studies in dogs. J Clin Monitoring 3: 249–56
Spitzer AR, Gibson E (1992) Home Monitoring, Apnea and SIDS ed. by Hunt, CE; Clinics in Perinatology 19(4): 910
Thilo EH, Anderson D, Wasserstein ML, Schmidt J, Luckey D (1993) Saturation by pulse oximetry: comparison of the results obtained by instruments of different brands. J of Pediatrics 122(4): 620–6
Tremper KK, Barker SJ (1989) Pulse Oximetry. Anesthesiology 70: 98–108
Woods AM, Queen JS, Lawson D (1991) Valsalva maneuver in obstetrics: the influence of peripheral circulatory changes on the function of the pulse oximeter. Anesthesia and Analgesia 73(6): 765–71
Yount JE. Impedance Pneumography p.119 in Biophysical Measurement Series — Respiration; SpaceLabs, Inc.; Redmond, Washington, U.S.A.
Yount JE (1989) Devices and Procedures for In-Vitro Calibration of Pulse Oximetry Monitors US Patent No. 4,834,532 Issued May 30
Yount JE et al. Unpublished data included in this paper
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1994 Dr. Dietrich Steinkopff Verlag, GmbH & Co. KG, Darmstadt
About this paper
Cite this paper
Yount, J.E. (1994). Practical aspects of calibrating fetal pulse oximetry. In: Knitza, R. (eds) Hypoxische Gefährdung des Fetus sub partu. Steinkopff. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-95982-0_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-95982-0_7
Publisher Name: Steinkopff
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-95983-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-95982-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive