Abstract
During the last two decades, a number of interesting innovations have appeared in the field of urban research. New paradigms such as the dynamics of open systems, self-organisation, synergetics, chaos and evolution theory, have been recognised as conveying fruitful analogies for urban theory. New types of modelling, such as sets of nonlinear differential equations for spatial systems, cellular automata, multi-agents models, fractal growth, neural networks and evolutionary models have been investigated. By reviewing the orientations of contemporary urban research, it is possible to recognise among these new urban models several types of strategy which are useful for dealing with the complexity of urban systems.
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Pumain, D. (1998). Urban Research and Complexity. In: Bertuglia, C.S., Bianchi, G., Mela, A. (eds) The City and Its Sciences. Physica-Verlag HD. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-95929-5_10
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