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Physiologie und Pathologie des Renin/Angiotensin-Systems

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Nierenkrankheiten

Part of the book series: Handbuch der Inneren Medizin ((510,volume 8 / 0))

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Zusammenfassung

Tigerstedt und Bergmann (1898) isolierten das blutdrucksteigernde Prinzip, das sie als Renin bezeichneten, aus normalen Kaninchennieren. Der sich daraus ergebende Hinweis für eine mögliche physiologische Bedeutung dieses Stoffes fand jedoch zunächst keine Beachtung, sondern man versuchte immer wieder, die pressorisch wirksame Substanz renalen Ursprungs in Beziehung zur Pathogenese des Hochdruckes zu setzen. Auf Grund der klinischen Einteilung Volhards (1923), der den roten vom blassen Hochdruck abgrenzte und als dessen Ursache einen aus der Niere stammenden humoralen, vasokonstriktorischen Faktor annahm, sowie der Arbeiten von Goldblatt über die Auslösung eines experimentellen Hochdruckes durch Drosselung der Blutzufuhr zu den Nieren sah man im Renin das maßgebende Agens für die Entwicklung einer chronischen Erhöhung des Blutdruckes. Zweifellos sprechen zahlreiche experimentelle Befunde und klinische Beobachtungen dafür, daß das Renin/Angiotensin-System in irgendeiner Weise an der Entstehung bestimmter Formen des Hochdruckes beteiligt ist. Die heutigen Kenntnisse lassen jedoch Zweifel aufkommen, ob dafür Seine blutdrucksteigernde Wirkung direkt verantwortlich ist. Die Frage nach einer Beteiligung von Renin an der Pathogenese des Hochdruckes wird nicht zu beantworten Sein, ehe nicht alle Aufgaben bekannt sind, die es unter normalen Bedingungen zu erfüllen hat. Die Analyse einer gestörten Regulation setzt voraus, daß zunächst die Wirkungen der daran beteiligten Einzelfaktoren und ihr Zusammenspiel sowie ihre gegenseitige Beeinflussung und Abhängigkeit unter verschiedenen Bedingungen nachgewiesen werden. Erst wenn diese Basis geschaffen ist, sind Untersuchungen möglich, deren Ziel es ist festzustellen, ob und in welchem Maße Abweichungen oder Störungen zum Auftreten bestimmter pathologischer Veränderungen führen können. Während Jahrzehnten fand diese anscheinend so selbstverständhche Überlegung für das Renin/Angiotensin-System keine Anwendung.

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Gross, F. (1968). Physiologie und Pathologie des Renin/Angiotensin-Systems. In: Schwiegk, H., et al. Nierenkrankheiten. Handbuch der Inneren Medizin, vol 8 / 0. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-95038-4_16

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