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Kernresonanzspektren von anderen Kernen

  • Chapter
Anwendungen der Kernmagnetischen Resonanz in der Organischen Chemie

Part of the book series: Organische Chemie in Einzeldarstellungen ((ORGCHEMIE,volume 8))

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Zusammenfassung

Kernresonanzspektren können von allen Kernen mit einem magnetischen Moment aufgenommen werden. Trotzdem hat die Spektroskopie nur weniger Atomsorten eine gewisse Bedeutung erlangt und in keinem Fall die der Protonenresonanz erreicht. Der Grund hierfür liegt einmal in der großen Anzahl und Wichtigkeit protonenhaltiger Verbindungen, zum anderen in experimentellen Schwierigkeiten bei der Spektroskopie mit anderen Kernen. Die Größe des Kernresonanzsignales eines bestimmten Isotops hängt vom magnetischen Moment des Kerns, von der Spinquantenzahl und Konzentration ab. Da viele magnetische Isotope im natürlich vorkommenden Isotopengemisch zu einem geringen Anteil vorliegen (z. B. 13C zu 1.1%), erhält man nur schwache Resonanzsignale. Vergleicht man die Intensitäten der Signale verschiedener Elemente bei konstantem Magnetfeld und setzt diejenige des Wasserstoffs gleich 10000, so ergeben sich unter Berücksichtigung der Konzentration des betreffenden Isotops folgende Werte:

  • 1H = 10000

  • 11B = 1340

  • 13C = 1.76

  • 14N = 10.1

  • 15N = 0.038

  • 17O = 0.108

  • 19F = 8340

  • 31P = 664

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Suhr, H. (1965). Kernresonanzspektren von anderen Kernen. In: Anwendungen der Kernmagnetischen Resonanz in der Organischen Chemie. Organische Chemie in Einzeldarstellungen, vol 8. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-94931-9_6

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