Zusammenfassung
Die Krebszelle entsteht durch eine irreversible Abweichung aus normalen Zellen. Die Einzelheiten dieses Vorganges sind bisher nicht genügend bekannt, jedoch kommt ihm am ehesten der Charakter eines Defektes zu, durch den die Krebszellen zunehmend unabhängig von normalen Regulationen werden. Sie sind den geschlossenen Regelsystemen (feed back), die ebenso wie die bekannten physiologischen Regulationen auch das Wachstum kontrollieren werden, nicht länger unterworfen. Krebszellen existieren somit nicht mehr als Untereinheiten eines Organs oder Gewebes, sondern als selbständige Population einer neuen Zellart. Im Hinblick auf die genetische Abhängigkeit biochemischer Reaktionen ist es möglich, daß die Tumorzellen in ihren Eigenschaften genetisch fixiert sind (246, 456), jedoch sind die Kenntnisse über diesen Aspekt der Cancerogenese noch gering. Die krebsartige Entartung der Zelle geschieht nach experimenteller Erfahrung langsam und schrittweise, in der Regel nicht sprunghaft. Sie ist möglicherweise in den ersten Stadien noch reversibel. Selbst bei eingetretener Cancerisierung kann anfänglich noch eine Abhängigkeit von den normalen Regulationen des Organismus bestehen. Dies wird deutlich bei den sog. „hormonabhängigen“ Geschwülsten, die — wie das Prostata- und Mamma-Carcinom — mit hormonal wirksamen Eingriffen behandelt werden können (175, 176). Die Hormonabhängigkeit dieser Neoplasmen geht jedoch früher oder später verloren, ohne daß es gelungen wäre, morphologische oder cytologische Kriterien für diesen Vorgang der Progression der Malignität (114, 267) zu entdecken.
Die in diesem Referat zitierten eigenen Arbeiten wurden mit dankenswerter Unterstützung des Kultusministeriums des Landes Nordrhein/Westfalen, Düsseldorf, durchgeführt.
Herrn Prof. Dr. E. Lehnartz in Verehrung zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet.
Referat, auszugsweise gehalten auf der Tagung der Gesellschaft zur Bekämpfung der Krebskrankheiten, Düsseldorf 1. u. 2.12.1962.
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Schmidt, C.G. (1963). Cytostatische Antibiotica. In: Heilmeyer, L., Schoen, R., De Rudder, B., Prader, A. (eds) Ergebnisse der Inneren Medizin und Kinderheilkunde. Ergebnisse der Inneren Medizin und Kinderheilkunde, vol 20. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-94862-6_8
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