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Ergebnisse der Elektronenmikroskopie am zentralen, peripheren und vegetativen Nervensystem

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Part of the book series: Ergebnisse der Biologie / Advances in Biology ((ERGBIOL,volume 24))

Zusammenfassung

Arbeitsrichtungen, Ergebnisse und Denkweisen in der histologischen und cytologischen Forschung am Nervensystem haben sich bisher weitgehend von den zur Verfügung stehenden Methoden abhängig gezeigt. Durch die Vervollkommnung der histologischen Technik in der zweiten Hälfte des vorigen Jahrhunderts, insbesondere durch die Ausarbeitung von Färbe- und Imprägnationsverfahren zur selektiven Darstellung einzelner Gewebsbestandteile, wurde eine Fülle von Struktureinzelheiten der Beobachtung und Beschreibung zugänglich gemacht. Das Verlangen, die Lebensvorgänge im Nervensystem auf elementare Zellstrukturen beziehen zu können, erfuhr durch die mit dem Lichtmikroskop gesammelten Beobachtungen eine nur beschränkte Befriedigung. So wurde man dazu verleitet, sichtbaren Strukturen hypothetische Bedeutungen zuzuschreiben und nicht sichtbar zu machende Gefüge als morphologische Basis von Lebensprozessen zu erdenken. Die mit Imprägnationsmethoden darstellbaren Neurofibrillen wurden als erregungsleitende Elemente angesprochen, gewisse Funktionen auf die Nissl-Substanz und den Golgiapparat übertragen, Lehren von den cytoplasmatischen Granula bzw. Bioblast en (Altmann 1890), sowie andere Theorien über die Struktur des Cytoplasmas aufgestellt. In den folgenden Jahrzehnten gewann schließlich die Auffassung an Raum, daß für das weitere Eindringen in die Probleme des Zellebens das Lichtmikroskop kein wirksames Hilfsmittel mehr sein könne. Es erwies sich vielmehr, daß die Lebenserscheinungen mit ungemein komplizierten, in kleinsten submikroskopischen Bereichen ablaufenden stofflichen Umsetzungen verknüpft sind. So galt es für die morphologische Arbeitsrichtung, mit Hilfe geeigneter Methoden Aufschlüsse über feinere, in ihren Abmessungen weit unterhalb der Auflösungsgrenze des Lichtmikroskops liegende Strukturanordnungen zu erhalten.

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Hansjochem Autrum E. Bünning K. v. Frisch E. Hadorn A. Kühn E. Mayr A. Pirson J. Straub H. Stubbe W. Weidel

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Hager, H. (1961). Ergebnisse der Elektronenmikroskopie am zentralen, peripheren und vegetativen Nervensystem. In: Autrum, H., et al. Ergebnisse der Biologie. Ergebnisse der Biologie / Advances in Biology, vol 24. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-94805-3_3

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