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Chloroplast structure

  • Chapter
Die CO2-Assimilation / The Assimilation of Carbon Dioxide

Abstract

Photosynthesis is highly dependent on structure. In higher plants, the photosynthetic apparatus is localized in chloroplasts. In certain algae and photosynthetic bacteria such chloroplasts are absent. For a long time, it has been believed that in these organisms the photosynthetic pigments are homogeneously distributed throughout the cytoplasm. Electron microscope studies, however, revealed that, also here, a structured photosynthetic apparatus, albeit different from a “true” chloroplast, occurs. Unfortunately, it is not an easy task to define a “true chloroplast”. The classical definition states that the chloroplast is a chlorophyll containing chromoplast. The chromoplasts, together with leucoplasts, belong to the plastids. Plastids, in their turn, are autonomous cytoplasmatic bodies. Though this definition does not contain much information about a chloroplast, it may seem to be useful for classification of this organelle. However, in certain organisms, such as blue-green algae, diatoms and photosynthetic bacteria, things become difficult to classify. Either the structure in question looks incomplete as compared with that of higher plants or its dimensions are submicroscopic, whereas it is tacitly accepted that chloroplasts are perceptible under the light microscope. Thus it seems desirable to reconsider the present definition. However, before attempting to do so, the data concerning both chemical and physical composition of the chloroplast will be reviewed.

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    André Pirson

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Thomas, J.B. (1960). Chloroplast structure. In: Pirson, A. (eds) Die CO2-Assimilation / The Assimilation of Carbon Dioxide. Handbuch der Pflanzenphysiologie / Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, vol 5. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-94798-8_21

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