Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Die CO2-Assimilation / The Assimilation of Carbon Dioxide pp 211–233Cite as

Culture of unicellular algae. Manometric techniques for measuring photosynthesis

  • Chapter

Abstract

In 1919 Warburg introduced to the study of photosynthesis a new method of measurement of gas exchange and a new experimental material, the green alga Chlorella. The sensitivity, precision, and versatility of the manometric method has led to general use with modification for special problems. Chlorella has proved to be an excellent experimental organism: it is rich in photosynthetic machinery and can be grown readily in the laboratory under conditions subject to precise control. In the course of time other algae with special pigments or metabolic or nutritional characteristics have been used to attack certain portions of the photosynthesis problem. The present section is concerned with the methodology of algal culture and manometric measurement. However, it is desirable to examine first some important considerations of comparative physiology.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   59.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Literature

  • Algeus, S.: Studies on the cultivation of algae in artificial light. Physiol. Plantarum (Cph.) 4, 742–753 (1951).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arnold, W. A, E. W. Burdette and J. B. Davidson: A recording Warburg apparatus. Science 114, 364–367 (1951).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arnon, D. I., P. S. Ichioka, W. Gunilla, A. Fujiwara and J. T. Wooley: Molybdenum in relation to nitrogen metabolism. Physiol. Plantarum (Cph.) 8, 538–551 (1955).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barker, H. A.: The culture and physiology of the marine dinoflagellates. Arch. Mikrobiol. 6, 157–181 (1935).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Benson, A. A., M. Calvin, V. A. Haas, S. Aronoff, A. G. Hall, J. A. Bassham and J. W. Weigl: C14 in Photosynthesis. In: Photosynthesis in Plants, edit. by J. Franck and W. E. Looms, p. 381–401. Ames, Iowa: Iowa State College Press 1949.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bongers, L. H. J.: Changes in photosynthetic activity during algal growth and multiplication. Medel. Landbouwhogesch. Wageningen 58, 1–10 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bfrk, D., and G. Hobby: Hydraulic leverage principles for magnification of sensitivity of gas change in free and fixed volume manometry. Science 120, 640–648 (1954).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burk, D., G. Hobby and J. Hunter: Observations and reflections on manometric calculations with air. Arch. Biochem. 69, 228–258 (1957).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burk, D., u. O. Warburg: Ein- Quanten-Reaktion und Kreisprozeß der Energie bei der Photosynthese. Z. Naturforsch. 6b, 12–22 (1951).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clendenning, K. A., T. E. Brown and H. C. Eyster: Comparative studies of photosynthesis in Nostoc muscorum and Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Canad. J. Bot. 34, 943–966 (1956).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cramer, M., and J. Myers: Nitrate reduction and assimilation in Chlorella. J. gen. Physiol. 32, 93–102 (1948).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Effects of starvation on the metabolism of Chlorella. Plant Physiol. 24, 255–264 (1949).

    Google Scholar 

  • Growth and photosynthetic characteristics of Euglena gracilis. Arch. Mikrobiol. 17, 384–402 (1952).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dixon, M.: Manometric Methods, 3. edit. Cambridge: University Press 1951.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dutton, H. J., and W. M. Manning: Evidence for carotenoid-sensitized photosynthesis in the diatom Nitzschia closterium. Amer. J. Bot. 28, 516–526 (1941).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Emerson, P., and R. Chalmers: Transient changes in cellular gas exchange and the problem of maximum efficiency of photosynthesis. Plant Physiol. 30, 504–529 (1955).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Emerson, R., and L. Green: Effect of hydrogen ion concentration on Chlorella photosynthesis. Plant Physiol. 13, 157–168 (1938).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Emerson, R., and C. M. Lewis: The photosynthetic efficiency of phycocyanin in Chroococcus. J. gen. Physiol. 25, 579–595 (1942).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Foster, J. W.: Some introspections on mold metabolism. Bact. Rev. 11, 167–188 (1947).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frenkel, A.: Hydrogen evolution in the flagellate green alga, Chlamydomonas Moewusii. Arch. Biochem. 38, 219–230 (1952).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frenkel, A. W., and R. A. Lewin: Photoreduction by Chlamydomonas. Amer. J. Bot. 41, 586–589 (1954).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gaffron, H.: Methoden zur Untersuchung der Kohlensäureassimilation. In Abderhaldens Handbuch der biologischen Arbeitsmethoden, Abt. XI, Teil 4, Hälfte 1, S. 101–160. Berlin: Urban & Schwarzenberg 1939.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carbon dioxide reduction with molecular hydrogen in green algae. Amer. J. Bot. 27, 273–283 (1940).

    Google Scholar 

  • Reduction of carbon dioxide coupled with the oxyhydrogen reaction in algae. J. gen. Physiol. 26, 219–267 (1942).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hutner, S. H., L. Provasoli, A. Schatz and C. P. Haskins: Some approaches to the study of the role of metals in the metabolism of microorganisms. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 94, 152–170 (1950).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Iwamura, T.: Change of nucleic acid content in Chlorella cells during the course of their life-cycle. J. Biochem. 42, 575T–589 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  • Katz, E., E. C. Wassink and R. Dorrestein: On some methodological problems in the study of photosynthesis of unicellular organisms. Enzymologia 10, 269–284 (1942).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kok, B.: On the efficiency of Chlorella growth. Acta hot. neerl. 1, 445–467 (1952).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Some sensitive and recording volumeters. Biochim. biophys. Acta 16, 35–44 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kratz, W. A., and J. Myers: Photosynthesis and respiration in three blue-green algae. Plant Physiol. 30, 275–280 (1955).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krebs, H. A.: The use of CO2 buffers in manometric measurements of cell metabolism. Biochem. J. 48, 349–359 (1951).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lobenzen, H.: Synchrone Zellteilungen von Chlorella bei verschiedenen Licht- Dunkel- Wechseln. Flora (Jena) 144, 473–496 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  • Die photosynthetische Sauerstoffproduktion von Chlorella bei langfristig intermittierender Belichtung. Flora (Jena) 147, 382–404 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lorenzen, H., u. H. G. Ruppel: Versuche zur Gliederung des Entwicklungsverlaufs der Chlorlla-Zelle. Planta (Berl.) 54, 394–403 (1960).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mac Innes, D. A., and D. Belcher: The thermodynamic ionization constants of carbonic acids. J. Amer. chem. Soc. 55, 2630–2646 (1933).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Monod, J.: La technique de culture continue theorie et applications. Ann. Inst. Pasteur 79, 390–410 (1950).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Myers, J.: Influence of light intensity on cellular and photosynthetic characteristics of Chlorella. J. gen. Physiol. 29, 419–427, 429–440 (1946).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oxidative assimilation in relation to photosynthesis in Chlorella. J. Amer. Physiol. 30, 217–227 (1947).

    Google Scholar 

  • The pattern of photosynthesis in Chlorella. In: Photosynthesis in Plants, edit. by J. Franck and W. E. Looms, p. 349–364. Ames, Iowa: Iowa State College Press 1949.

    Google Scholar 

  • Myers, J., and L. B. Clark: An apparatus for the continuous culture of Chlorella. J. gen. Physiol. 28, 103–112 (1944).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Myers, J., and J. R. Graham: The role of photosynthesis in the physiology of Ochromonas. J. cell. comp. Physiol. 47, 397–414 (1956).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Myers, J., and F. A. Matsen: Kinetic characteristics of Warburg manometry. Arch. Biochem. 55, 373–388 (1955).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Myers, J., J. N. Phillips and J. R. Graham: On the mass culture of algae. Plant Physiol. 26, 539–548 (1951).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Neeb, O.: Hydrodictyon als Objekt einer vergleichenden Untersuchung physiologischer Größen. Flora (Jena) 139, 39–95 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  • Niel, C. B. van, M. B. Allen and B. E. Wright: On the photochemical reduction of nitrate by algae. Biochim. biophys. Acta 12, 67–74 (1953).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nihei, T., T. Sasa, S. Miyachi, K. Suzuki and H. Tamiya: Change of photosynthetic activity of Chlorella cells during the course of their normal life cycle. Arch. Mikrobiol. 21, 156–166 (1954).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nishimura, M. S., C. P. Whittingham and R. Emerson: The maximum efficiency of photosynthesis. Symp. Soc. exp. Biol. 5, 176–210 (1951).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Novick, A., and L. Szilard: Description of the chemostat. Science 112, 715–716 (1950).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oorschot, J. L. P. van: Conversion of light energy in algal culture. Diss. Wageningen 1955. Medelingen Landbouwhoogeschool Wageningen 55, 225–276 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pardee, A. B.: Measurement of oxygen uptake under controlled pressures of carbon dioxide. J. biol. Chem. 179, 1085–1091 (1949).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Phillips, J. N., and J. Myers: Growth rate of Chlorella in flashing light. Plant Physiol. 29, 152–161 (1954).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Person, A., u. H. Döring: Induzierte Wachstumsperioden bei Grünalgen. Flora (Jena) 139, 314–328 (1952).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pirson, A., I. Krollpfeiffer u. G. Schaefer: Leistungsfähigkeit und Fehlerquellen manometrischer Stoffwechselmessungen. Marburger S.- B. 76, 1–27 (1953).

    Google Scholar 

  • Person, A., H. Lorenzen and A. Koepper: A sensitive stage in Synchronized cultures of Chlorella. Plant Physiol. 34, 353–355 (1959).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pratt, R.: Influence on photosynthesis of prolonged exposure to sodium bicarbonate and potassium bicarbonate. Amer. J. Bot. 30, 626–629 (1943).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rabinowitch, E. I.: Photosynthesis, vol. 1. New York: Interscience Publishers 1945.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rieke, F. F.: Quantum efficiencies for photosynthesis and photoreduction in green plants. In: Photosynthesis in Plants, edit. by J. Franck and W. E. Looms, p. 251–272. Ames, Iowa: Iowa State College Press 1949.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sorokin, C.: Studies on high-temperature algae. Diss. Univ. Texas 1955.

    Google Scholar 

  • Changes in photosynthetic activity in the course of cell development in Chlorella. Physiol. Plantarum (Cph.) 10, 659–666 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  • A reversible inhibition of photosynthesis in synchronized cultures of algae. Nature (Lond.) 185, 933–935 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sorokin, C., and J. Myers: A high-temperature strain of Chlorella. Science 117, 330–331 (1953).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spoehr, H. A., and H. W. Milner: The chemical composition of Chlorella; effect of environmental conditions. Plant Physiol. 24, 120–149 (1949).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steemann Nielsen, E.: Carbon dioxide as carbon source and narcotic in photosynthesis and growth of Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Physiol. Plantarum (Cph.) 8, 317–335 (1955).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Syrett, P. J.: Effect of cyanide on the respiration and the oxidative assimilation of glucose by Chlorella vulgaris. Ann. Bot. (Lond.) 15, 473–492 (1951).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tamiya, H., T. Iwamura, K. Shibata, E. Hase and T. Nihei: Correlation between photosynthesis and light-dependent metabolism in the growth of Chlorella. Biochim. biophys. Acta 12, 23–40 (1953).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, F. J.: Oxidative assimilation of glucose by Scenedesmus quadricauda. J. exp. Bot. 1, 301–321 (1950).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Umbreit, W. W., R. H. Burris and J. F. Stauffer: Manometric Techniques. Rev. edit. Minneapolis: Burgess 1949.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walker, J. B.: Inorganic micronutrient requirements of Chlorella. Arch. Biochem. 53, 1–8 (1954).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Warburg, O.: Manometrische Messung des Zellstoffwechsels in Serum. Biochem. Z. 164, 481–503 (1925).

    Google Scholar 

  • Über den Stoffwechsel der Tumoren. Berlin: Springer 1926.

    Google Scholar 

  • Über die Berücksichtigung der Retention der Kohlensäure bei Messungen der Photosynthese in Kulturlösungen. Z. Naturforsch. 9b, 302–303 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  • Warburg, O., H. Geleick u. K. Briese: Über die Messung der Photosynthese in Carbonat- Bicarbonat- Gemischen. Z. Naturforsch. 7b, 141–144 (1952).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Warburg, O., u. G. Krippahl: Messung der Lichtabsorption in Chlorella mit der Ulbrichtschen Kugel. Z. Naturforsch. 9b, 181–182 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  • Winokur, M.: Aging effects in Chlorella cultures. Amer. J. Bot. 36, 287–291 (1949).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. Jack Myers
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Pflanzenphysiologisches Institut der Universität, Göttingen, Deutschland

    André Pirson

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1960 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Myers, J. (1960). Culture of unicellular algae. Manometric techniques for measuring photosynthesis. In: Pirson, A. (eds) Die CO2-Assimilation / The Assimilation of Carbon Dioxide. Handbuch der Pflanzenphysiologie / Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, vol 5. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-94798-8_11

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-94798-8_11

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-94799-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-94798-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation