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Die Mikrobiologie des Bodens

  • Chapter
Heterotrophie / Heterotrophy

Part of the book series: Handbuch der Pflanzenphysiologie / Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology ((532,volume 11))

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Zusammenfassung

Die oberen Schichten des Bodens tragen stets eine äußerst kompliziert zusammengesetzte Bevölkerung von lebenden Organismen, deren Lebensvorgänge dazu beitragen, den biologischen Stoffkreislauf im Gange zu halten und so den Boden zu einem geeigneten Standort für die höheren Pflanzen zu machen. Die gesamte Bodenpopulation umfaßt ein sehr breites Spektrum von Lebensformen, das sich von einzelligen Organismen bis zu Säugetieren (Maulwürfen) und Wurzeln der höheren Pflanzen erstreckt. Hiervon repräsentieren die Mikroorganismen einen sehr wichtigen Bestandteil sowohl rein quantitativ in Form von lebender Masse als auch mit Rücksicht auf die biologische Tätigkeit, die sie entfalten. Die Mikroorganismen des Bodens sind ganz überwiegend pflanzlicher Natur: Bakterien (einschließlich Strahlenpilze), niedere Algen und Pilze (obwohl die höheren Formen der letzteren nicht eigentlich mikroskopisch sind). Hierzu kommen noch tierische Bodenbewohner wie Protozoen, Nematoden und andere niedere Metazoen. Die Mikrobiologie des Bodens im eigentlichen Sinne umfaßt die Kenntnis von der Natur und Identität dieser Organismen, ihrem Vorkommen und ihrer Wirksamkeit im Erdboden selbst. Wie Winogradsky hervorgehoben hat, ist dagegen ihr Verhalten in Reinkultur unter künstlichen Bedingungen streng gesprochen als ein Zweig der allgemeinen Mikrobiologie anzusehen.

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  1. H. L. Jensen
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  2. W. Schwartz
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  1. Botanische Anstalten der Universität Halle/Saale, Deutschland

    Kurt Mothes

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Jensen, H.L., Schwartz, W. (1959). Die Mikrobiologie des Bodens. In: Mothes, K. (eds) Heterotrophie / Heterotrophy. Handbuch der Pflanzenphysiologie / Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, vol 11. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-94753-7_5

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