Abstract
Information concerning the general metabolism of algae has been mostly derived from researches on fresh water unicellular algae which can be cultivated in the laboratory under strictly controlled conditions. It has thus been possible to study their growth rate, respiratory activity, photosynthesis, and variations in carbohydrate, fat or total nitrogen content, but a systematic investigation of their nitrogen metabolism only became possible after the method of paper chromatography offered facilities for detecting small quantities of amino-acids. An account of some of the results obtained by such methods are given below.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Literature
Algéus, S.: Untersuchungen über die Ernährungsphysiologie der Chlorophyceen. Bot. Not. (Limd) 1946, 129–280.
Utilisation of glycine by Chlorella vulgaris. Physiol. Plantarum (Copenh.) 1, 236–244 (1948).
De-amination of glycine by green algae. Physiol. Plantarum (Copenh.) 1, 382–386 (1948).
Allison, F. E., S. R. Hoover and H. J. Morris: Physiological studies with the nitrogen-fixing alga Nostoc muscorum. Bot. Gaz. 98, 433–463 (1937).
Archibald, R. M.: Chemical characteristics and physiological rôles of glutamine. Chem. Rev. 37, 161–208 (1945).
Bortels, H.: Importance of molybdenum for nitrogen-fixing Nostaceae. Arch. Mikrobiol. 11, 155–186 (1940).
Boussingault, J. B.: Agronomie chim. agricult. et physiol. 4, 245 (1868).
Braunstein, A. E., u. M. G. Kritzmann: Über den Umsatz der d(l)-Glutaminsäure im Muskelgewebe. Enzymologia(Den Haag) 2, 129–146 (1937).
Burris, R. H.: Distribution of isotopic nitrogen in Azotobacter vinelandii. J. of Biol. Chem. 143, 509 (1942).
Burris, R. H., F. J. Eppling, H. B. Wahlin and P. W. Wilkin: Detection of nitrogen fixation with isotopic nitrogen. J. of Biol. Chem. 148, 349–357 (1943).
Burris, R. H., and P. W. Wilson: Biological nitrogen fixation. Annual Rev. Biochem. 14, 685–708 (1945).
Comparison of the metabolism of ammonia and molecular nitrogen in Azotobacter. J. of Biol. Chem. 165, 595–598 (1946).
Channing and G. T. Young: Peptides and proteins of brown seaweeds. Chem. a. Ind. 1952, 519.
Nitrogenous constituents of marine algae. J. Chem. Soc. (Lond.) 1953, 2481.
Chibnall, A. C.: Protein metabolism. New Haven: Yale University Press 1939.
Chu, S. P.: Influence of mineral composition of the medium on growth of planktonic algae. J. Ecology 30, 284 (1942).
Coulson, C. B.: Amino-acids of marine algae. Chem. a. Ind. 1953a, 971–972.
Proteins of marine algae. Chem. a. Ind. 1953b, 997–998.
Cramer, M., and J. Myers: Nitrate reduction and assimilation in Chorella. J. Gen. Physiol. 32, 93–102 (1949).
Davis, E. A.: Nitrate reduction by Chlorella. Plant Physiol. 28, No 3, 539–544 (1953).
De, P. K.: Role of blue-green algae in nitrogen fixation in rice fields. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond., Ser. B 127, 121–139 (1939).
Dekker, C. A., D. Stone and J. S. Fruton: A peptide from a marine alga. J. of Biol. Chem. 181, 719–729 (1949).
Eggleton, G. E.: Assimilation of inorganic nitrogenous salts including sodium nitrite, by the grass plant. Biochemic. J. 29, 1389–1397 (1935).
Elliott, W. H.: Studies on the enzymatic synthesis of glutamine. Biochemic. J. 49, 106–112 (1951).
Erkama, J., and A. I. Virtanen: Aspartase. The enzymes, chemistry and mechanism of action, p. 1244–1249. New York: Academic Press 1951.
Fogg, G. E.: Nitrogen fixation by Anabaena cylindricaLemm. J. of Exper. Biol. 19, 78–87 (1942).
The production of extracellular nitrogenous substances by a blue-green alga. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond., Ser. B 139, 372–397 (1952).
Fogg, E. G., and M. Wolfe: Autotrophic micro-organisms, p. 99–125. Cambridge: University Press 1954.
Fowden, L.: The composition of the bulk proteins of Chlorella. Biochemic. J. 50, 355 (1951).
Amino-acids of certain algae. Nature (Lond.) 167, 1030 (1951).
A comparison of the composition of some algal proteins. Ann. of Bot., ?. S. 18, 257–266 (1954).
Fruton, J. S.: A peptide from a marine alga. J. of Biol. Chem. 181, No 2 (1949).
Fruton, J. S., and S. Simmonds: General biochemistry. New York: Wiley & Co. 1953.
Haas, P.: On certain peptides occurring in marine algae. Biochemic. J. 46, 503–505 (1950).
Haas, P., and T. G. Hill: A preliminary note on the nitrogen metabolism of seaweeds glutamic acid peptide. Biochemic. J. 25, 1472–1475 (1931).
The metabolism of calcareous algae. I. Biochemic. J. 27, 1801–1804 (1933).
Observations on the metabolism of certain seaweeds. Ann. of Bot. 47, 55–67 (1933).
Haas, P., T. G. Hill and W. K. H. Karstens: The metabolism of calcareous algae. II. The seasonal variation in certain metabolic products of Corallina squamataEllis. Ann. of Bot. 49, 609–619 (1935).
Haas, P., T. G. Hill and B. Russell-Wells: On certain simple peptides occurring in marine algae. Biochemic. J. 32, 2129–2133 (1938).
Henriksson, E.: Nitrogen fixation by a symbiotic Nostocstram from Collema. Physiol. Plantarum (Copenh.) 4, 542–545 (1951).
Hopkins, E. F., and F. B. Wann: Relation of hydrogen ion concentration to growth of Chlorellaand to the availability of iron. Bot. Gaz. 81, 353 (1926).
Krebs, H. A.: Weitere Untersuchungen über den Abbau der Aminosäuren im Tierkörper. Z. physiol. Chem. 218, 157–159 (1933).
Metabolism of amino-acids. III. De-amination of amino-acids. Biochemic. J. 29, 1620–1644 (1935).
Metabolism of amino-acids. IV. Synthesis of glutamine from glutamic acid and ammonia. Biochemic. J. 29, 1951–1969 (1935).
Krebs, H. A., and W. A. Johnson: Citric acid in intermediate metabolism in animal tissues. Enzymologia (Den Haag) 4, 148–156 (1937).
Lipmann, F.: Mechanism of peptide-bond formation. Federat. Proc. 8, 597–602 (1949).
Ludwig, C. A.: Availability of different forms of nitrogen to a green alga. Amer. J. Bot. 25, 448–458 (1938).
Magee, W. E.: Fixation of nitrogen and utilisation of combined nitrogen by Nostoc muscorum. M. Sc. Thesis. University of Wisconsin. Madison 1953.
Mikhlin, D. M.: Role of ascorbic acids in plant. Biokhimya 1, 617–627 (1936).
Mikhlin, D. M., and P. A. Kolesnikov: Enzymic nature of reduction of nitrate in green plants. Biokhimya 2, 402–412 (1937).
Millbank, J. W.: Demonstration of transaminase systems in the alga Chlorella. Nature (Lond.) 171, 476–477 (1953).
Niel, C. B. van, M. B. Allen and B. E. Wright: Photochemical-reduction of nitrate by algae. Biochim. et Biophysica Acta 12, 67–74 (1953).
Ohira, T.: On a new polypeptide isolated from Eisenia bicyclis(Part II). A study of the chemical structure of Eisenin. J. Agricult. Chem. Soc. 16, 10–11 (1940) also 15, 370–376 (1939) in Japanese.
Pardo, J. H.: Ammonium in the nutrition of higher green plants. Quart. Rev. Biol. 10, 1 (1935).
Pearsall, W. H., and M. Billimoria: Nitrogen losses in green plants. Nature (Lond.) 138, 801–802 (1936).
Pearsall, W. H., and L. Loose: Growth of Chlorella vulgaris in pure culture. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond., Ser. B 121, 451–501 (1937).
Pratt, R., and J. Fong: Growth of Chlorellaand changes in the hydrogen-ion and ammonium-ion concentration in solutions containing nitrate and ammonium nitrogen. Amer. J. Bot. 27, 735–743 (1940).
Quastel, J. H., and B. Woolf: Equilibrium between L-aspartic acid, fumaric acid and ammonia in presence of resting bacteria. Biochemic. J. 20, 545–555 (1926).
Roine, P.: Formation of primary amino-acids in the protein synthesis in yeast. Ann. Acad. Sci. fenn., Ser. II Chem. 1947, Nr 26, 77–79.
Singh, B. N.: Fixation of nitrogen by blue-green algae of paddy field soils. Indian J. Agricult. Sci. 12, 743–756 (1942).
Smith, D. G., and E. G. Young: On the nitrogenous constituents of Fucus vesiculosus. J. of Biol. Chem. 205, 849–858 (1953).
A closer examination of amino-acids free and in hydrolysates in Fucus vesiculosus, Ascophyllum nodosum, Chondrus crispus, Rhodymenia palmata and Ulva lactuca. J. of Biol. Chem. 217, 845–853 (1955).
Syrett, P. J.: Assimilation of ammonia by nitrogen-starved cells of Chlorella vulgaris. Part I. The correlation of assimilation with respiration. Ann, of Bot., N. S. 17, 1–19 (1953a).
Part II. The assimilation of ammonia to other compounds. Ann. of Bot., ?. S. 17, 21–36 (1953b).
Autotrophic micro-organisms, p. 126–151. Cambridge: University Press 1954.
Syrett, P. J., and L. Fowden: Assimilation of ammonia by nitrogen-starved Chlorella vulgaris. III. The effect of the addition of glucose on the products of assimilation. Physiol. Plantarum (Copenh.) 5, 558–666 (1952).
Vickery, H. B., G. W. Pucher, H. E. Clark, A. C. Chibnall and R. G. Westall: The determination of glutamine in the presence of asparagine. Biochemic. J. 29, 2710–2720 (1935).
Virtanen, A. I.: On nitrogen assimilation and protein synthesis. Ann. Acad. Sci. fenn., Ser. II Chem. 39, 1–25 (1950).
Some aspects of biological nitrogen fixation. Ann. Acad. Sci. fenn., Ser. II Chem. 43, 1–19 (1952).
Atmosphärischer Stickstoff als Aufrechterhalter des Lebens auf der Erde. Angew. Chem. 65, 1–11 (1953).
Biological nitrogen fixation. Proc. 3. Internat. Congr. of Biochemistry, Brussels. New York: Acad. Press 1956.
Virtanen,A. I., and A. A. Arhimo: Oxaloacetic acid in the leguminous plants. (Nature Lond.) 144, 36 (1939).
Virtanen, A. I., and J. Tarnanen: Enzymic hydrolysis and synthesis of aspartic acid. Biochem. Z. 250, 193–211 (1932).
Walp, L.: The effect of nitrate and ammonium assimilation on cell proliferation of Nostoc muscorum. Growth 6, 173–177 (1942).
Warburg, O., u. E. Negelein: Über die Reduktion der Salpetersäure in grünen Zellen. Biochem. Z. 110, 66–115 (1920).
Willis, A. J.: Synthesis of amino acids in young roots of barley. Biochemic. J. 49, Proc. xxvii-xxviii (1951).
Wilson, P. W.: Comparative biochemistry of nitrogen fixation. Adv. Enzymol. 13, 345–375 (1952).
Wilson, P. W., and R. H. Burris: Biological nitrogen-fixation a re-appraisal. Annual Rev. Microbiol. 7 (1953).
Yemm, E. W.: Glutamine in the metabolism of barley plants. New Phytologist 48, 315–331 (1949).
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1958 Springer-Verlag oHG. Berlin · Göttingen · Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Haas, P. (1958). Protein metabolism of algae. In: Allen, E.K., et al. Der Stickstoffumsatz / Nitrogen Metabolism. Handbuch der Pflanzenphysiologie / Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, vol 8. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-94733-9_31
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-94733-9_31
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-94734-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-94733-9
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive