Abstract
Although we know that proteins combine with various non-proteins substances, very little is known about the products formed. Even if a “conjugated protein” can be isolated, we are not always sure whether it is present as such in the living cell or whether it is an artifact produced by the methods of isolation and purification. It is customary to classify conjugated proteins according to the nature of the “prosthetic group”. Accordingly, the following types of conjugated proteins will be discussed in this chapter: (A) glycoproteins, (B) nucleoproteins, (C) lipoproteins, (D) chloroplastin, (E) ironporphyrin complexes (cytochromes, cytochrome oxidase, catalase, peroxidase, leghemoglobin), (F) metal proteins, (G) flavoproteins, and (H) tetrapyrryl-proteins (phycoerythrin, phycocyanin). This classification has merely practical purposes; it must not give the impression that the different classes of “conjugated proteins” are equally well established. Some of the “conjugated proteins” are certainly stoichiometric compounds of a protein with a definite prosthetic group; others seem to be artifacts, the composition of which depends on the isolation procedure. Most of the conjugated proteins were discovered in animal tissues. Until recently, hardly anything was known on protein symplexes occurring in plants. Indeed, only animal products were discussed in the section on conjugated proteins of the „Handbuch der Pflanzenanalyse“ (Bergmann and Zervas 1933).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Literature
Anderson, D. R., J. D. Spikes and R. Lumry: Studies on a reported crystalline chlorophyll-lipoprotein. Biochim. et Biophysica Acta 15, 298 (1954).
Appleby, C. A., and R. K. Morton: Crystalline cytochrome and lactic dehydrogenase of yeast. Nature (Lond.) 173, 749–752 (1954).
Arnon, D. I.: Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts. Plant Physiol. 24, 1–15 (1949).
Balls, A. K., W. S. Hale and T. H. Harris: A crystalline protein obtained from a lipoprotein of wheat flour. Cereal Chem. 19, 279–287 (1942).
Bergmann, M., u. L. Zervas: Proteins. G. Klein, Handbuch der Pflanzenanalyse, Bd. 4, S. 299–360. 1944.
Bertrand, G.: Correlations between the chemical constitution of organic compounds and their oxidiza-bility by laccase. C. r. Acad. Sci. Paris 122, 1132–1134 (1896).
Boeri, E., E. Cutolo, M. Lussati and L. Tosi: Preparation and properties of cytochrome b2 from yeast. Arch. of Biochem. a. Biophysics 56, 487–499 (1955).
Bonner, J., and S. G. Wildman: Enzymic mechanisms in the respiration of spinach leaves. Arch. of Biochem. 10, 497 (1946).
Chargaff, E.: Lipoproteins. Adv. Protein Chem. 1, 1–24 (1946).
Recent work on lipoproteins as cellular constituents. Exper. Cell Res., Suppl. 1, 24–31 (1949).
The problem of Nucleoproteins. In: Some Conjugated Proteins, pp. 36–42. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press 1953.
Studies on the fractionation and composition of desoxyribonucleic acids. Trans. Faraday Soc. 50, 293–294 (1954).
Chargaff, E., and J. N. Davidson: The nucleic acids, chemistry and biology. New York: Academic Press 1955.
Chargaff, E.. and E. Vischer: Nucleoproteins, nucleic acids and related substances. Annual Rev. Biochem. 17, 201–226 (1948).
Chiba, Y.: TWO components in crystalline chlorophyll-lipoprotein. Arch. of Biochem. a. Biophysics 54, 83–92 (1955).
Comar, C. L.: Chloroplast substance of spinach leaves. Bot. Gaz. 104, 122 (1942).
Cook, A. H.: Algal pigments and their significance. Biol. Rev. Cambridge Philos. Soc. 20, 115–132 (1945).
Davenport, H. E., and R. Hill: Preparation and some properties of cytochrome f. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond., Ser. B 139, 327–345 (1952).
Eggman, L., S. J. Singer and S. G. Wildman: The proteins of green leaves. J. of Biol. Chem. 205, 969–983 (1953).
Ellfolk, N., and A. I. Virtanen: The molecular weight of leghemoglobin. Acta chem. scand. (Copenh.) 6, 411–420 (1952).
Elsden, S. R., M. O. Kamen and L. P. Vernon: A new soluble cytochrome. J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 75, 6347–6348 (1953).
Emerson, R., and C. M. Lewis: The photosynthetic efficiency of phycocyanin in Chroococcus and the problem of carotenoid participation in photosynthesis. J. Gen. Physiol. 25, 579–595 (1942).
Euler, H. V., L. Heller and K. Högberg: Nucleoproteins from birch pollen. Ark. Kemi (Stockh.) A 26, No 15 (1948).
Fishman, M. M., and L. S. Moyer: Electrophoresis of the protein-chlorophyll complex. Science (Lancaster, Pa.) 95, 128–129 (1942).
Galston, A. W., R. K. Bonnichsen and D, I. Arnon: Preparation of highly purified spinach leaf catalase. Acta chem. scand. (Copenh.) 5, 781–790 (1951).
Goddard, D. R.: Cytochrome c and cytochrome oxidase from wheat sperm. Amer. J. Bot. 31, 270–276 (1944).
Gunar, I. I., E. E. Krastina i K. A. Bryushkova: Effect of 2,4-dichloro-phenoxyacetic acid on metabolism in the sunflower. Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR. 84, 173–176 (1952).
Haas, E., C. Harrer and T. Hogness: Cytochrome reductase. J. of Biol. Chem. 143, 341–349 (1942).
Haglund, H., and A. Tiselius: Zone electrophoresis in a glass powder column. Acta chem. scand. (Copenh.) 4, 957–962 (1950).
Hammarsten, E.: Biological importance of nucleic acid compounds. Biochem. Z. 144, 383–466 (1924).
Haxo, F. T., C. O. O’Heocha and P. Norris: Comparative studies of chromatographically separated phycoerythrins and phycocyanins. Arch. of Biochem. a. Biophysics 54, 162–167 (1955).
Haxo, F. T., and L. R. Blinks: Photosynthetic action spectra of marine algae. J. Gen. Physiol. 33, 389–422 (1950).
Hill, R., and K. Bhagvat: Cytochrome oxidase in flowering plants. Nature (Lond.) 143, 726 (1939).
Hill, R., and E. F. Hartree: Hematin compounds in plants. Annual Rev. Plant Physiol. 4, 115 (1953).
Holzach, C., and H. Flück: Experiments on the composition and synthesis of the mucins of Tamus communis. Pharmacol. Acta Helvet. 25, 299–336 (1950).
Physicochemical studies concerning the molecular size and form and uniformity of the mucins of Tamus communis. Pharmacol. Acta Helvet. 26, 153–176 (1951).
Horowitz, N. H.: The D-aminooxidase of Neurospora. J. of Biol. Chem. 154, 141–149 (1944).
Horvath, A. A.: Proc. of the 6th Pacific Scientific Conf., p. 449, 1939.
James, W. O.: Terminal oxidases in the respiration of the embryos and young rats of barley. Proc. Roy. Soc, Lond., Ser. B 141, 289–299 (1953).
Keilin, D.: Cytochrome, a respiratory pigment, common to animals, yeast and higher plants. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond., Ser. B 98, 312–339 (1925).
Keilin, D., and E. F. Hartree: Purification of horse radish peroxidase and comparison of its properties with those of catalase and methemoglobin. Biochemic. J. 49, 88–106 (1951).
Keilin, D., and T. Mann: Properties of laccase from the latex of laquer trees. Nature (Lond.) 145, 304 (1940).
Keilin, D., and J. D. Smith: Hemoglobin and nitrogen fixation in the root nodules of leguminous plants. Nature (Lond.) 159, 692 (1947).
Keilin, D., and Y. L. Wang: Hemoglobin in the root nodules of leguminous plants. Nature (Lond.) 155, 227–229 (1945).
Knaysi, G., R. F. Baker and J. Hillier: A study with the high-voltage electron microscope of the endospore and life cycle of Bacillus mycoides. J. Bacter. 53, 525–537 (1947).
Krasnovskii, A. A., V. B. Evstigneev, G. P. Brin i V. A. Gavrilova: Isolation of phycoerythrin from red algae and its spectral and photochemical properties. Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR. 82, 947–950 (1952).
Kubo, H.: Hemoprotein from the root nodule of legumes. Acta phytochim. (Tokyo) 11, 195–200 (1937).
Kubowitz, F.: The chemical composition of potato oxidase. Biochem. Z. 292, 221–229 (1937).
Kylin, H.: Fysiograf. Sällsk. Lund Förh. 7, 119–123 (1937).
Lemberg, R., and J. W. Legge: Hematin compounds and bile pigments. New York: Interscience publishers 1949.
Lepeschkin, W. W.: Some aspects of the state of chlorophyll in chloroplasts. Plant Physiol. 24, 175–177 (1949).
Little, H. N., and R. H. Burris: Activity of the red pigment from leguminous root nodules. J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 69, 838–841 (1947).
Lockhart, E. E.: Diaphorase. Biochemic. J. 33, 613–617 (1939).
Lubimenko, W. N.: Plastid pigments and their transformation in living plant tissues. Rev. gén. Bot. 40, 23, 88, 146, 226, 303. 372 (1927).
Lundegårdh, H.: A new cytochrome in living roots. Nature (Lond.) 173, 939 (1954).
Mahler, H. R., and D. E. Green: Metalloflavoproteins and electron transport. Science (Lancaster, Pa.) 120, 7–12 (1954).
Markham, R., and D. J. Smith: Nucleoproteins and viruses. In Neurath-Bailey, Proteins, vol. II, pp. 1–122. 1954.
Metzner, H.: Cytochemical investigations on the occurrence of nucleic acids in chloroplasts. Naturwiss. 30, 64–65 (1952).
Meyer, K.: Mucoids and glycoproteins. Adv. Protein Chem. 2, 249–275 (1945).
Mucoproteins and mucoids. In: Some Conjugated Proteins, pp. 64–73. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press 1953.
Moriyama, H.: Formation of cell-like mass from lipoproteins of castor beans. Science (Japan) 11, 482–483 (1941).
Nelson, J. M., and C. R. Dawson: Tyrosinase. Adv. Enzymol. 4, 99–152 (1944).
Nicholas, D. J. D., and A. Nason: Molybdenum as constituent of nitrate reductase. J. of Biol. Chem. 207, 353–360 (1954).
Nyman, M. A., and E. Chargaff: On the lipoprotein particles of yeast cells. J. of Biol. Chem. 180, 741–746 (1949).
Okunuki, K.: Acta phytochim. (Tokyo) 11, 249 (1940).
Olcott, H. S., and D. K. Mecham: Lipoprotein nature of the glutenin fraction. Cereal Chem. 24, 407–414 (1947).
Packer, L., and W. Vishniac: The specificity of a diphosphopyridine nucleotide-linked hydrogenase. Biochim. et Biophysica Acta 17, 153–154 (1955).
Pirie, N. W.: The isolation from normal tobacco leaves of nucleoproteins with some similarity to plant viruses. Biochemic. J. 47, 614–625 (1950).
Pollister, A. W., and A. E. Mirsky: Nucleoprotamine of trout sperm. J. Gen. Physiol. 30, 101–116 (1946).
Powers, W., S. Lewis and C. R. Dawson: Preparation and properties of a highly purified ascorbic acid oxidase. J. Gen. Physiol. 27, 178–180 (1944).
Sagastume, C. A., C. Inda and R. Nico: Preparation of lipid-proteins of plant origin. Rec. Fac. Quim., Univ. Nac. La Plate 15, 39–41 (1940).
Scarisbrick, R.: Hematin compounds in plants. Ann. Rep. Chem. Soc. 244, 226–236 (1947).
Semenenko, G. L.: Change in the nucleoprotein content of plants in vegetative hybridization. Biokhimya 17, 655–659 (1952).
Sheratt, H. S. A., and W. C. Evans: A crystalline chlorophyll-protein complex from Chlamydomonas. Nature (Lond.) 173, 540 (1954).
Smith, E. L.: Action of sodium dodecyl sulfate on the chlorophyll-protein compound of the spinach leaf. J. Gen. Physiol. 24, 583–596 (1941).
Stacey, M.: Conjugated proteins. Disc. Faraday Soc. 13, 245–251 (1953).
Stern, K. G., G. Goldstein, J. Wagman and J. Schryver: Studies on desoxyribonucleoproteins: isolation and properties of genoprotein T. Federat. Proc. 6, 296 (1947).
Stoll, A.: Chlorophyll. Fortschr. chem. Forsch. 2, 538–608 (1952).
Svedberg, T., and T. Katsurai: The molecular weight of phycocyan and of phycoerythrin from Porphyra tenera and of phycocyan from Aphanizomenon flos aquae. J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 51, 3573 to 3583 (1929).
Takashitma, S.: Chlorophyll-lipoprotein obtained in crystals. Nature (Lond.) 169, 182–183 (1952).
Tauber, H.: The interaction of ascorbic acid with enzymes. Erg. Enzymforsch. 7, 301 (1938).
Theorell, H.: Reversible cleavage of a peroxidase. Ark. Kemi (Stockh.) B 14, No 20 (1940).
The preparation and some properties of crystalline horseradish peroxidase. Ark. Kemi (Stockh.) A 16, No 2 (1943).
Theorell, H., and A. P. Nygaard: The combination of flavin mononucleotide and riboflavin with the protein of the old yellow enzyme. Acta chem. scand. (Copenh.) 8, 1104–1106 (1954).
Thomas, J. B., and W. De Rover: On phycocyanin participation in the Hill reaction of the blue-green alga Synechococcus cedrorum. Biochim. et Biophysica Acta 16, 391–395 (1955).
Tonzig, S.: I mucoproteidi e la vita della cellula vegetale. Padua: Libr. Randi 1942.
Tueva, O. F., i S. A. Samoilova: Consequences of phosphate and nitrogen starvation in plants. Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR. 59, 589–592 (1948).
Vallee, B. L., and F. L. Hoch: Yeast alcohol dehydrogenase, a zinc enzyme. J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 77, 821–822 (1955).
Vernon, L. P.: Cytochrome c content of Rhodospirillum rubrum. Arch. of Biochem. a. Biophysics 43, 492–493 (1953).
Vernon, P. L., and M. D. Kamen: Hematin compounds in photosynthetic bacteria. J. of Biol. Chem. 211, 643, 663 (1954).
Virtanen, A. I., J. Jorma, H. Linkola and A. Linnasalmi: On the relation between nitrogen fixation and leghemoglobin content of leguminous roots. Acta chem. scand. (Copenh.) 1, 90–111 (1947).
Virtanen, A. I., T. Laine and H. Linkola: The green pigments in the root nodules of leguminous plants. Suomen Kemistilehti B 18, 36–38 (1945).
Walkin, J. J., and F. A. Schwertz: Chlorophyll monolayers in chloroplasts. J. Gren. Physiol. 37, 111–120 (1953).
Warburg, O., u. W. Christian: On a new oxidation enzyme and its absorption spectru. Biochem. Z. 254, 438–458 (1932); 257, 492 (1933); 266, 377 (1933).
Westphal, O., O. Lüderitz u. F. Bister: Extraction of bacteria with phenol/ water. Naturforsch. 7b, 148–155 (1952).
Yakushiji, E.: Occurrence of cytochrome in higher plants and algae. Acta phytochim. Tokyo) 8, 325–329 (1935).
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1958 Springer-Verlag oHG. Berlin · Göttingen · Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Haurowitz, F. (1958). Protein symplexes (Conjugated proteins). In: Allen, E.K., et al. Der Stickstoffumsatz / Nitrogen Metabolism. Handbuch der Pflanzenphysiologie / Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, vol 8. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-94733-9_16
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-94733-9_16
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-94734-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-94733-9
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive