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Zusammenfassung

Unsere Kenntnis der Funktion der einzelnen Zellbestandteile ist im Augenblick in rascher Entwicklung begriffen. Das wird hauptsächlich durch die Ausarbeitung neuer Methoden zur Analyse der chemischen Zusammensetzung der einzelnen Zellabschnitte bedingt. Zwei Gruppen solcher Methoden zum Studium von Zellumsatzfragen müssen dabei unterschieden werden. Die erste hat die Analyse des Zellkernes als Ganzem zum Ziel, die andere die Analyse einzelner Organellen im einzelnen Zellkern. Die Größenordnungen, die die beiden Methodengruppen bearbeiten, liegen im ersten Falle bei 500–1000μ3 und im zweiten Falle bei 0,5–1μ3, d. h. das „Auflösungsvermögen“ ist ungefähr tausendmal größer. Dieser Größenordnungssprung trennt etwa auch die konventionellen Makromethoden der Chemie von denen der Mikromethoden. Die Arbeiten der erstgenannten Art, welche also die eigenen Strukturen des Zellkernes außer acht lassen, werden in hohem Maße durch die Möglichkeit erleichtert, in großem Umfange Zellkerne vom Cytoplasma zu trennen und so ein einheitliches Material zu gewinnen, an welchem übliche mikrochemische Methoden zur Anwendung kommen können. Die zweite Gruppe der Methoden, die mit größerer Auflösung als 1μ, arbeitenden Verfahren, fordert ein recht kompliziertes Instrumentarium. Die Entwicklung auf beiden Gebieten ist in den letzten Jahren rasch vorangeschritten. Ein wesentlicher Teil unserer heutigen Kenntnisse um die Mitwirkung des Zellkernes im Zellstoffwechsel stammt von der erstgenannten Arbeitsform, die vor allem von dem Interesse an der speziell leicht zugänglichen Substanzklasse der Enzyme dominiert wird, aber auch durch rein chemische Analysen der Kernsubstanzen und Untersuchungen mit radioaktiven Isotopen gefördert wurde.

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© 1956 Springer-Verlag OHG. Berlin · Göttingen · Heidelberg

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Bahr, G.F. (1956). Der Zellkern. In: Bahr, G.F., et al. Allgemeine Physiologie der Pflanzenzelle / General Physiology of the Plant Cell. Handbuch der Pflanzenphysiologie / Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, vol 2. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-94676-9_28

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