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The Study of Surface Structure by Electron Diffraction

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Ergebnisse der Exakten Naturwissenschaften

Abstract

The first experiments on the scattering of an electron beam by a metallic surface appear to have been carried out by Campbell Swinton (I, 1) in 1899. Although his apparatus comprised the essential features for observing preferential scattering directions, Campbell Swinton obtained only diffuse scattering phenomena, largely owing, no doubt, to the unsuitable nature of his reflecting surface, a polycrystalline platinum disc. The results of the many observations made during the ensuing twenty years on the scattering of electrons by matter were all in accordance with classical or quantum mechanics, and it was not until 1921 that Davisson and Kunsman (I,2) were able to record directions of preferential scattering of an electron beam which, however, they attempted to explain in terms of pure particle mechanics. Although L. De Broglie (I, 3) had formulated his theory of the association of guiding wave systems with moving particles in 1924, and although Elsässer (I, 4) had suggested that the interaction between a beam of electrons and a single crystal should afford a crucial test of the theory, it appears to have been rather the stimulus of an accidental observation which led Davisson and Germer to study the scattering of slow electrons from the surface of a nickel single crystal, and in March 1927 they submitted a preliminary summary (I, 5) of their results, followed by a more complete account (I, 6) in December 1927, which in the main supported De Broglie’s wave theory.

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    G. I. Finch & H. Wilman

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Finch, G.I., Wilman, H. (1937). The Study of Surface Structure by Electron Diffraction. In: Hund, F., Trendelenburg, F. (eds) Ergebnisse der Exakten Naturwissenschaften. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-94300-3_8

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