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Biochemie der Mastzelle

  • Conference paper
Histamin und Histamin-Rezeptor-Antagonisten

Part of the book series: Sertürner Workshops Einbeck ((MGPPT))

Zusammenfassung

Die Mastzelle kann im Rahmen der immunologischen und nichtimmunologischen Aktivierung akute, subakute und chronische Entzündungsprozesse einleiten. Zu den immunologischen Stimuli der Mastzellaktivierung gehören das Immunglobulin E, die Komplementbruchstücke C3a, C4a, C5a wie C3b und fernerhin kationische Proteine aus Granulozyten. Es ist erwiesen, daß Mastzellen neben den Rezeptoren für IgE auch Rezeptoren für Immunkomplexe auf der Oberfläche tragen. Diese modulieren je nach ihrer Größe die IgE induzierte Mediatorenfreisetzung. Die Herstellung monoklonaler antigenspezifischer IgE-Antikörper in der Maus erlaubt exaktere Untersuchungen zur Rezeptorenanalyse und Affinität. Die Aktivierung der Mastzelle über das IgE-Signal erfolgt über die Vernetzung von juxtaponierten IgE-Molekülen. Offenbar ist die Aggregation (Clustering) von Rezeptormolekülen in der Membran entscheidend für die Induktion der Sekretion. Es wird zur Zeit diskutiert, daß die Rezeptorvernetzung eine membranständige Esterase und Methyltransferase aktiviert. Bei der Membranperturbation wird Lysophosphatidylcholin vermehrt gebildet. Ober die Phospholipase-Arachidonsäure-Sequenz wird das Membransignal transduziert. Es erfolgt die Ausschüttung präformierter (Histamin, lysosomale Enzyme, neutrophil chemotaktischer Faktor) und neugenerierter Mediatoren (Leukotriene mit chemotaktischer und spasmogener Wirkqualität, thrombozyten-aggregierender Faktor-PAF). Es wird gezeigt, daß das Änaphylatoxin induzierte Membransignal ebenfalls über die Phospholipase-Arachidonsäuresequenz weitergeleitet wird. Hemmer der Phospholipase A2 oder der Lipoxygenase inhibieren die C5a induzierte Histaminfreisetzung. Die Vielzahl der freigesetzten Mediatoren führt zu einem interzellulären Wechselspiel und könnte an den verspätet auftretenden mastzellinduzierten Entzündungsreaktionen beteiligt sein.

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Authors
  1. W. König
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  2. A. Bohn
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  3. K. D. Bremm
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  4. J. Brom
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  5. K. Theobald
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  6. P. Pfeiffer
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Abteilung für Anaesthesiologie, Chirurgische Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik München — Innenstadt, Pettenkoferstr. 8a, 8000, München 2, Deutschland

    A. Doenicke

  2. Zentrum für Operative Medizin I, Abt. f. Theoretische Chirurgie, Klinikum der Philipps-Universität, Baldingerstraße/Lahnberge, 3550, Marburg, Deutschland

    W. Lorenz

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König, W., Bohn, A., Bremm, K.D., Brom, J., Theobald, K., Pfeiffer, P. (1985). Biochemie der Mastzelle. In: Doenicke, A., Lorenz, W. (eds) Histamin und Histamin-Rezeptor-Antagonisten. Sertürner Workshops Einbeck. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-93284-7_9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-93284-7_9

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-15104-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-93284-7

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