Abstract
The first radionuclide image was an autoradiograph of crystals of the double sulfate of uranium and potassium. It lead H. BECQUEREL to the discovery of natural radioactivity on Sunday, 1 March 1896 (1). He published it in his Nobel Lecture in 1903 (2).
Wenn die Anschauung sich nach der Beschaffenheit der Gegenstände richten müßte, so sehe ich nicht ein, wie man a priori von ihr etwas wissen könne; richtet sich aber der Gegenstand (als Objekt der Sinne) nach der Beschaffenheit unseres Anschauungsvermögens, so kann ich mir diese Möglichkeit ganz wohl vorstellen.
I. KANT, Vorrede zur 2. Auflage, Critik der reinen Vernunft, Riga, 1787
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Becquerel, H.: Sur les radiations invisibles emises par les corps phosphorescents. C.R. Acad. Sei. (Paris) 122: 501–503, 1896
Nobel Lectures, Including Presentation Speeches and Laureates’ Biographies. Physics, 1901–1921. Elsevier, New York: 47–73, 1967
Anger, H.O.: Tomography and other depth-discrimination techniques. In: Instrumentation in Nuclear Medicine (eds.: G.J. Hine, J.A. Sorenson) Vol. 2, Academic Press, New York-London: 62–100, 1974
Jaszczak,R.J., Coleman, R.E., Chun Bin Lim: SPECT: single photon emission computed tomography. IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sei., NS-27: 1137–1153, 1980
Brownell, G.L., Correia, J.A., Zamenhof, R.G.: Positron Instrumentation. In: Recent Advances in Nuclear Medicine (eds.: J.H. Lawrence, T.F. Budinger), Vol. 5, Grune & Stratton, New York-San Francisco-London: 1–49, 1978
Hevesy, G.: The absorption and translocation of lead by plants. A contribution to the application of the method of radioactive indicators in the investigation of the change of substance in plants. Biochem. J. 17: 439–445, 1923
Blumgart, H.L., Yens, O.C.: Studies on the velocity of blood flow. J. Clin. Invest. 4: 1–13, 1926
Chievitz, O., Hevesy, G.: Radioactive indicators in the study of phosphorus metabolism in rats. Nature 136: 754–755, 1935
Joliot, F., Curie, I.: Artificial production of a new kind of radio-element. Nature 133: 201, 1934
Livingood, J.J., Seaborg, C.T.: Radioactive iodine isotopes. Phys. Rev. 53: 1015, 1938
Sorenson, J.A., Phelps, M.E.: Image quality in nuclear medicine. In: Physics in Nuclear Medicine, Grune & Stratton, New York-London-Toronto-Sydney-San Francisco:328–344, 1980
Cassen, B., Curtis, L., Reed, C., Libby, R.: Instrumentation for 1-131 use in medical studies. Nucleonics 9: 46–50, 1951
Newell, R.R., Saunders, W., Miller, E.: Multichannel collimators for gamma-ray scanning with scintillation counters. Nucleonics 10: 36–40, 1952
Hofstadter, R.: Alkali halide scintillation counters.Physic.Rev. 74: 100, 1948
Anger, H.O.: Scintillation camera. Rev. Sei. Instr. 29: 27–33, 1958
Hundeshagen, H.: Der Einsatz eines Magnetband-Magnetkern-Speichersystems zur szintigraphischen Darstellung von Organen. Picker-Bulletin 4, 1966
Winkler, G., Schepers, H.: Digitalregistrierung, -speicherung und Computerauswertung von Meßergebnissen einer Szintillationskamera. Atompraxis, Direct Info. 3/1966
Winkler, G.: Entwicklung und gegenwärtiger Stand der Datenverarbeitung in der klinischen Nuklearmedizin. In: Systeme und Signalverarbeitung in der Nuklearmedizin (eds.: S.J. Pöppl, D.P. Pretschner), Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg- New York: 1–14, 1981
Budinger, T.F.: Quantitative nuclear medicine imaging: application of computers to the gamma-camera and whole-body scanner. In: Recent Advances in Nuclear Medicine (ed.: J.H. Lawrence), Vol. 4, Grune & Stratton, New York - San Francisco - London: 41–130, 1974
Larson, K.B., Cox, J.R. (eds.) Computer processing of dynamic images from an Anger scintillation camera. Soc. of Nucl. Med., New York, 1974
O’Neill, W., Sorenson, J.A.: On-line computer systems for scintigraphic data processing. In: Instrumentation in Nuclear Medicine (eds.: G.J. Hine, J.A. Sorenson), Vol. 2, Academic Press, New York-London: 203–227, 1974
Pratt, W.K.: Digital image processing. John Wiley & Sons, New York-Chichester-Brisbane-Toronto, 1978
Pfeiler, M.: Lineare Systeme zur Übertragung zeitabhängiger Ortsfunktionen und Bilder. NTZ: 97–108, 1968
Rollo, F.D., Harris, C.C.: Factors affecting image formation. In: Nuclear Medicine Physics, Instrumentation and Agents (ed.: F.D. Rollo), C.V. Mosby Co., St Louis: 387–435, 1977
Hine, G.J., Sorenson, J.A. (eds.) Instrumentation in Nuclear Medicine. Vol. 2, Academic Press, New York-London, 1974
Rollo, F.D. (ed.) Nuclear Medicine Physics, Instrumentation, and Agents. C. V. Mosby Co., St.Louis, 1977
Sorenson, J.A., Phelps, M.E.: Physics in Nuclear Medicine.Grune & Stratton, New York-London-Toronto-Sydney-San Francisco, 1980
Patton, J.A., Rollo, F.D., Brill, A.B.:Recent developments in nuclear medicine instrumentation. IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sei. NS-27: 1066–1072, 1980
Pretschner, D.P.: Nuclear medicine in Europe, Considerations of present status and future trends. Eur. J. Nucl. Med. 5: 175–184, 1980
Grenier, R.P., Bender, M.A., Jones, R.H.: A computerized multi-crystal scintillation gamma camera. In: Instrumentation in Nuclear Medicine (eds.: G.J. Hine, J.A. Sorenson), Vol. 2, Academic Press, New York-London: 102–134, 19?4
Graham, L.S., Perez-Mendez, V.: Special imaging devices. In: Nuclear Medicine Physics, Instrumentation, and Agents (ed.: Rollo, F.D.), C.V. Mosby Company, St. Louis: 271–321, 1977
Budinger, T.F., Derenzo, S.E., Gullberg, G.T., Greenberg, W.L., Heusman, R.H.: Emission computer assisted tomography with single-photon and positron annihilation photon emitters. J. Comput. Assist. Tomog. 1: 131–145, 1977
Jordan, K.: Die Verfahren der Emissions-Computertomographie und ihre Grenzen. In: Systeme und Signalverarbeitung in der Nuklearmedizin (eds.: S.J. Pöppl, D. P. Pretschner), Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: 222–244, 1981
Todd-Pokropek, A.E., Pizer, S.M.: Displays in scintigraphy. In: Medical Radio-nuclide Imaging, Vol.1, IAEA, Vienna: 505–536, 1977
Pizer, S.M., Chan, F.H.: Evaluation of the number of discernible levels produced by a display. In: Information processing in medical imaging(eds.: R. Di Paola, E. Kahn) INSERM, Paris, Vol. 88: 561–580, 1980
Wolf, A.P.: Medical cyclotrons. Medical Radionuclide Imaging I, IAEA, Vienna: 343–355, 1977
Colombetti, L.G. (ed.): Principles of Radiopharmacology, Vol.I–IV, CRC Press, Inc., Florida, 1979
Cohen, K., Besnard, M.: Radionuclides. Pharmacokinetias. In: Handbuch der Med. Radiologie, Nuklearmedizin (ed.: H.Hundeshagen), Bd.XV, Teil 1A, Springer Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: 3–76, 1980
Junker, D., Fitschen, J.: Dosimetrie inkorporierter Strahler. In: Handbuch der Med. Radiologie, Bd.XV, Teil 1A, (ed.: H. Hundeshagen), Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg: 425–482, 1980
Welch, M.J., Wagner, S.J.: Preparation of poätron-emitting radiopharmaceuticals. In: Recent Advances in Nuclear Medicine (ed.: J.H. Lawrence, T.F. Budinger), Vol.5, Grune & Stratton, New York-San Francisco-London: 1–49, 1978
Jahns, E.G.H., Helmeke, H.-J,: Prediction of collimator performance by Monte- Carlo techniques. In: Medical Radionuclide Imaging, II, IAEA, Vienna: 207–218, 1977
Rajai Rizi, H., Kline, R.C., Thrall, J.H., et al.: Thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy: a critical comparison of seven-pinhole tomography and conventional planar imaging. J. Nucl. Med. 22: 493–499, 1981
Pizer, S.M., Brownell, G.L., Chesler, D.A.: Scintigraphic data processing. In: Instrumentation in Nuclear Medicine (eds.: G.J. Hine, J.A. Sorenson), Vol.2, Academic Press, New York, London: 229–262, 1974
Brookeman, V.A.: Component resolution indices for scintillation camera systems. J. Nucl. Med. 16: 228–230, 1975
Rollo, F.D.: An index to compare the performance of scintigraphic imaging systems. J. Nucl. Med. 15: 757–762, 1974
Rollo, F.D., Schulz, A.G.: A contrast efficiency function for quantitatively measuring the spatial resolution characteristics of scanning systems. J. Nucl. Med. 11: 53–60, 1970
Whitehead, F.R.: Quantitative analysis of minimum detectable lesion-to-background uptake ratios for nuclear medicine imaging systems. In: Medical Radionuclide Imaging, Vol.1, IAEA, Vienna: 409–432, 1977
Sharma, R.R., Fowler, J.F.: Threshold detection tests in radioisotope scanning. Phys. Med. Biol. 15: 289–300, 1970
Performance measurements of scintillation cameras, Standards Publication/No. NU 1 - 1980. NEMA, 2101 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20037
Pizer, S.M., Todd-Pokropek, A.E.: Improvement of scintigrams by computer processing. Sem. Nucl. Med. VII: 125–146, 1978
Enos, G.W.: The result of improved detector performance on system imaging ability. Picker J. Nucl. Med. Instr. 2: 40–43, 1981
Todd-Pokropek, A.E.: Image processing in nuclear medicine. IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sei., NS-27, 1080–1094, 1980
Pizer, S.M., Todd-Pokropek, A.E.: Noise character in processed scintigrams. In: Information Processing in Scintigraphy (eds.: C. Raynaud, A.E. Todd-Pokropek), CEA, Orsay: 1–16, 1976
Characteristics and test conditions of radionuclide imaging devices, 62 C Rev. March 1979 (Paris), Techn. Committee No. 62, Sub-Committee 62C. High-energy radiation equipment and equipment for Nucl.Med., Int. Electrotechnical Comm., 1, Rue de Verembe, Geneva
Sano, R.M.: Performance standards-characteristics and test conditions for scintillation cameras. Int. Symp. Med. Radionuclide Imaging, Heidelberg, IAEA -SM - 247, 1980
Knoop, B., Pretschner, P., Dopslaff, H., Jordan, K.: Zur Anpassung des Bildrasters an die Übertragungsfunktion der Gamma-Kamera bei der kardialen Funktionsszintigraphie. In: Nukelarmedizin, Die klinische Relevanz der Nuklear- medizin(eds.: H.A.E. Schmidt, G. Riccabona), F.K. Schattauer Verlag, Stuttgart-New York: 56–59, 1980
Rosenfeld, A.: Picture Processing by computer. Academic Press, New York, London, 1969
Rosenfeld, A., Kak, A.C.: Digital picture processing. Academic Press, New York, San Francisco, London, 1976
Niemann, H.: Methoden der Mustererkennung. Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft, Frankfurt, 1974
Andrews, H.C.: Computer techniques in image processing. Academic Press, New York, 1970
Duda, R.O., Hart, P.E.: Pattern classification and scene analysis. J. Wiley & Sons, New York, 1973
Kazmierczak, H.: Automatische Zeichenerkennung. In: Taschenbuch der Informatik (eds.: K. Steinbuch, W. Weber), Bd. 3, Springer Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg- New York: 219–269, 1974
Rosenfeld, A. (ed.): Digital picture analysis, Springer Verlag, Berlin- Heidelberg- New York, 1976
Papoulis, A.: Probability, random variables and stochastic processes, Mc Graw Hill, New York, 1965
Lodwick, G.S.: Progress report of diagnostic content and redundancy in radiant images for Sept. 1973–May 1975. The College of Engineering, Univ. Missouri-Columbia, 1975
Ehrich, R.W., Foith, J.P.: Structural processing of visual information. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg, CS 77004-R, 1977
Pretschner, D.P., Freihorst, J., Gleitz, C.-D., Hundeshagen, H.: 201-T1 -myocardial scintigraphy: a 3-dimensional model for the improved quantification of zones with decreased uptake. In: Information Processing in Medical Imaging (eds.: R. di Paola, E. Kahn), INSERM, Paris, Vol. 88: 409–426, 1979
Pretschner, D.P., Freihorst, J., Gleitz, C.-D., Hundeshagen, H.: A computer generated 3-D model of the left ventricle for quantification of myocardial morphology and function using radiopharmaceuticals. In: Computers in Cardiology, IEEE, Genf: 415–418, 1979
Narasimhan, R.: Labelling schemata and syntactic description of pictures. Information and Control 7: 151–179, 1964
Narasimhan, R.: Syntax-directed interpretation of classes of pictures. CACM 9: 166–173, 1966
Shaw, A.C.: A formal picture description scheme as a basis for picture processing systems. Information and Control 14: 9–52, 1969
Shaw, A.C.: Parsing of graph-representable pictures. JACM 17: 453–481, 1970
Ledley, R.S.: High-speed automatic analysis of biomedical pictures. Science 146: 216–223, 1964
Miller, W.F., Shaw, A.C.: Linguistic methods in picture processing: a survey. AFIPS Proc. FJCC: 279–290, 1968
Gilbert, B.K., Harris, L.D.: Advances in processor architecture, display, and device technology for biomedical image processing. IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sei., NS-27: 1197–1206, 1980
Harris, L.D., Robb, R.A., Yuen, T.S., Ritman, E.L.: The display and visualization of 3-D reconstructed anatomic morphology: experience with the thorax, heart, and coronary vasculature of dogs. J. Comp. Ass. Tom. 3: 439–446, 1979
Budinger, T.F.: Clinical and research quantitative nuclear medicine system. In: Medical Radioisotope Scintigraphy 1972, Vol. I, IAEA, Vienna: 501–555, 1973
Budinger, T.F.: Harpootlian, J.: Developments in digital computer implementation in nuclear medicine imaging.Comput.Biomed. Res. 8: 26–52, 1975
Bacharach, S.L., Green, M.V., Ostrow, H.G., Borer, J.S. et al.: Developments in nuclear medicine computer systems: application to cardiology. IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sei., NS-27: 1095–1102, 1980
Nuclear Cardiology: selected computer aspects Symp. Proc., Atlanta, Georgia, 1978, Soc. of Nucl. Med.. Inc.. New York. 1978
Knopp, R., Winkler, C.: Ein universell anwendbares, neues DV-System für die klinische Nuklearmedizin. Med..Technik 5: 102, 1976
Pfeiffer, G., Höhne, K.H.: Improvements of programming efficiency in medical image processing by a dialog language. Proc. of MIE 78, Lecture Notes in Med. Inf., Springer Verlag, New York: 221–231, 1978
Pfeiffer, G., Höhne, K.H.: A dialog language for interactive processing of scintigraphic data. In: Information Processing in Scintigraphy (eds.: C. Raynaud, A.E. Todd-Pokropek), CEA, Orsay: 221–231, 1976
Pfeiffer, G.: Entwurf und Implementierung eines Dialogsystems zur Erzeugung interaktiver Bildverarbeitungssysteme in der Medizin. Dissertation, Fachbereich Informatik der Univ. Hamburg, 1981
Pretschner, D.P., Pfeiffer, G.: Erzeugung einer Kommandosprache für nuklearmedizinische Signal- und Bildverarbeitung aus einem allgemeinen Dialogsystem. In: Systeme und Signalverarbeitung in der Nuklearmedizin (-eds.: S.J. Pöppl. D. P. Pretschner), Springer Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: 187–204, 1981
Erickson, J., Wilson, S.: Interactive image manipulative system and image manipulative extensions to higher level languages for use by non-computer oriented personnel. In: Proc. 2nd Symp. Sharing Comp. Prog, and Technol. in Nucl. Med., Oak Ridge: 15–25, 1972
Hoare, C.A.R.: Hints on programing language design. Stanford, MEMO AIM 224 STAN-Cs-73-403: 1–29, 1973
Pretschner, D.P.: FORTRAN - Pflicht für Nuklearmediziner? In: Nuklearmedizin, Stand und Zukunft (eds.: H.A.E. Schmidt, M. Woldring), F.K. Schattauer Verlag, Stuttgart, New York, 827–831, 1978
Kupka, I., Wilsing, N.: Dialogsprachen. Teubner Studienbücher Informatik, Vol. 32, 1975
Gram, C., Hertweck, F.: Command languages: design considerations and basic concepts. In: Command languages (ed.: G. Unger), North-Holland, Amsterdam: 43–69, 1975
Sveinsdottir, E., Schomacker, T., Lassen, N.A.: Interactive handling of regional cerebral blood flow data using a macrolanguage. In: Information Processing in Scintigraphy (eds.: C. Raynaud, A.E. Todd-Pokropek), CEA, Orsay: 209–220, 1976
Todd-Pokropek, A.E., Plummer, D., Pizer, S.M.: Modularity and command languages in medical computing. In: Proc. Vth Int. Conf., Nashville, 1977, ORNL/BCTIC-2: 426–455, 1978
Line, B.R., Johnston, G.S., Bailey, J.J.: The design and evaluation of a command processing system for scintigraphic image analysis. In: Inf. Proc. in Med. Imaging, Proc. Vth Int. Conf., Nashville, 1977, ORNL/BCTIC-2:456–467, 1978
Maskewitz, B.F., Henne, R.L., Mc Ciain, W.J.: The Biomedical Computing Technology Information Center. In: Medical Radionuclide Imaging, Vol.1, IAEA, Vienna: 435–441, 1977
Klement, V.: Bilddarstellung und -Verarbeitung in der Szintigraphie. In: Handbuch der Med. Radiologie, Nuklearmedizin (ed.: H. Hundeshagen), Bd.XV, Teil 1A, Springer Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: 385–422, 1980
Lorenz, W.J.: Radionuklidproduktion mit Forschungsreaktoren für medizinisch- bilogische Anwendungen. In: Handbuch der Med. Radiologie, Nuklearmedizin (ed.: H. Hundeshagen),Bd. XV, Teil 1A, Springer Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: 89–109, 1980
Müller-Schauenburg, W.: Bewegungsmuster des Harnleiters: Datenkompression und Statistik. In: Systeme und Signalverarbeitung in der Nuklearmedizin (eds.: S.J. Pöppl, D.P. Pretschner), Springer Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: 142–151, 1981
Schmidlin, P.: Bewertung von Funktionskurven mit Hilfe der Hauptkomponentenanalyse. In: Systeme und SignalVerarbeitung in der Nuklearmedizin (eds.: S.J. Pöppl, D.P. Pretschner), Springer Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: 132–141, 1981
Schmidlin, P., Clorius, J., Lorenz, W.J.: Pattern recognition in renography. In: Information Processing in Medical Imaging (eds.: R. Di Paola, E. Kahn), INSERM, Paris, Vol. 88: 335–344, 1980
Pretschner, P.: Prinzipien parametrischer Darstellung der Herzfunktion in der Nuklearmedizin. Nuklearmediziner 2: 91–106, 1980
Oppenheim, B.E., Appledorn, C.R.: Functional renal imaging using factor analysis. In: Information Processing in Medical Imaging (eds.: R. Di Paola, E. Kahn) INSERM, Paris, Vol. 88: 321–334, 1980
Barber, D.C.: The use of principle components in the quantitative analysis of gamma camera dynamic studies. Phys. Med. Biol. 25: 283–292, 1980
Bazin, J.P., Di Paola, R., Gibaud, B., Rougier, P., Tubiana, M.: Factor analysis of dynamic scintigraphic data as a modelling method. An application to the detection of metastases. In: Information Processing in Medical Imaging (eds.: R. di Paola, E. Kahn), INSERM, Paris, Vol. 88: 345–366, 1980
Houston, A.S.: Classification of dynamic function studies in nuclear medicine. Does feature extraction help? In: Information Processing in Medical Imaging (eds.: R. di Paola, E. Kahn), INSERM, Paris, Vol. 88: 381–394, 1979
Ammann, W.W., Vaknine, R.: Structure analysis - A new method for evaluating scintigrams. In: Information Processing in Scintigraphy (eds.: C. Raynaud, A. Todd-Pokropek), CEA, Orsay: 66–79, 1976
Blahd, W.H.: History of external counting procedures. Sem. Nucl. Med. 9: 159–163, 1979
Pretschner, D.P.: Ein neues System zur Erfassung und Auswertung von Kernstrahlungsfeldern bei nuklearmedizinischen Untersuchungen (Engymetrie). In: Systeme und Signalverarbeitung in der Nuklearmedizin (eds.: S.J. Pöppl, D.P. Pretschner) Springer Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: 74–95, 1981
Hundeshagen, H.: Radiokardiographie. Dr. Alfred Hüthig Verlag, Heidelberg, 1970
Donato, L., Rochester, D.F., Lewis, M.L. et al.: Quantitative radiocardiography. II. Technic and analysis of curves. Circulation 26: 183–188, 1972
Steele, P.P., van Dyke, D., Trow, R.S., Anger, H.O., Davies, H.: Simple and safe besides method for serial measurement of left ventricular ejection fraction, cardiac output, and pulmonary blood volume. Br. Heart J. 36: 122–131, 1974
Strashun, A., Horowitz, S.F., Goldsmith, S.J., et al.: Noninvasive detection of left ventricular dysfunction with a portable electrocardiographic gated scintillation probe device. Am. J. Cardiol. 47: 610–617, 1981
Britton, K.E.: Renal radionuclide techniques in their clinical context. In: Medical Radionuclide Imaging, Vol. II, IAEA, Vienna: 401–419, 1977
Sveinsdottir, E., Lassen, N.A.: A 254 detector system for measuring regional cerebral blood flow. Stroke 4: 365, 1973
Holman, B.L.: Concepts and clinical utility of the measurement of cerebral blood flow. Sem. Nucl. Med. VI: 233–251, 1976
Gielow, P.: Radionuklidgeneratoren. In: Handbuch der Med. Radiologie, Nuklearmedizin (ed.: H. Hundeshagen) Bd. XV, Teil 1A, Springer Verlag, Berlin- Heidelberg-New York: 77–88, 1980
Glass, H.I.: Cyclotron Production. In: Handbuch der Med. Radiologie, Nuklearmedizin (ed.: H. Hundeshagen) Bd. XV, Teil 1A, Springer Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg- New York: 111–127, 1980
Jordan, K.: Grundlagen der Strahlenmeßtechnik. In: Handbuch der Med. Radiologie, Nuklearmedizin (ed.: H. Hundeshagen) Bd. XV, Teil 1A, Springer Verlag, Berlin- Heidelberg-New York: 131–206, 1980
Brill, A.B., Erickson, J.J.: Display systems in Nuclear Medicine. Sem. Nucl. Med. VIII: 155–161, 1978
Oberhausen, E., Berberich, R.: Die Bedeutung von Funktionsmeßplätzen und Ganzkörperzählern in der Nuklearmedizin. In: Handbuch der Med. Radiologie, Nuklearmedizin (ed.: H. Hundeshagen), Bd.XV, Teil 1A, Springer Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: 215–247, 1980
Boardman, A.K.: Constrained optimisation and its application to scintigraphy. Phys. Med. Biol. 24: 363, 1979
Cole, E.R.: The removal of unknown image blurs by homomorphic filtering. Ph. D. dissertation, Dep. El. Eng., Univ. Utah, Salt Lake City, 1973
Hunt, B.R.: The application of constrained least squares estimation to image restoration by digital computer. IEEE Trans. Computers, C-23: 805–812, 1973
Bassingthwaighte, J.B.: Approaches to modeling radiocardiographic data: comments on F.Castellana’s modeling of the central circulation. In: Quantitative Nuclear Cardiography (eds.: R.N. Pierson Jr., J.P. Kriss, et al.), J. Wiley & Sons, New York: 226–230, 1975
Bassingthwaighte, J.B., Yipintsoi, T.: Organ blood flow, wash-in, wash-out, and clearance of nutrients and metabolites. Mayo Clin. Proc. 49: 248–255, 1974
Bassingtwaighte, J.B.: Physiology and theory of tracer washout techniques for the estimation of myocardial blood flow: flow estimation from tracer washout. Progr. Cardiovasc. Dis. 20: 165–189, 1977
Bassingthwaighte, J.B., Chinard, F.P., Crone, C., Lassen, N.A., Perl, W.: Definitions and terminology for indicator dilution methods. In: Capillary permeability (eds.: C. Crone, N.A. Lassen), Copenhagen, Ejnar Munksgaard:665–669, 1970
Bassingthwaighte, J.B.: Blood flow and diffusion through mammalian organs. Science 167: 1347–1353, 1970
Meier, P., Zierler, K.L.: On the theory of the indicator-dilution method for measurement of blood flow and volume. J. Appl. Physiol. 6: 731, 1954
Zierler, K.L.: Equations for measuring blood flow by external monitoring of radioisotopes. Circ. Res. 16: 309–321, 1965
Zierler, K.L.: Why tracer dilution curves through a vascular system have the shape they do. In: Computer processing of dynamic images from an Anger scintillation camera (eds.: K.B. Larson, J.R. Cox), Soc. Nucl. Med., New York:70–94, 1974
Larson, K.B.: Physical principles of tracer kinetics. In: Computer processing of dynamic images from an Anger scintillation camera (eds.: K.B. Larson, J.R. Cox), Soc. Nucl. Med., New York: 70–94, 1974
Gonzales-Fernandez, J.M.: Theory of the measurement of the dispersion of an indicator in indicator-dilution studies. Circ. Res. 10: 409–428, 1962
Lassen, N.A., Perl, W.: Tracer kinetik methods in medical physiology. Raven Press, New York, 1979
Fried, J.: Use of computers for dynamic radionuclide studies. In: Instrumentation in Nuclear Medicine (eds.: G.J. Hine, J.A. Sorenson), Vol.2, Academic Press, New York, London: 263–310, 1974
Rockoff, M.L.: Interpretation of the clearance curve of a diffusible tracer by blood flow in terms of a parallel-compartment model. In: Computer processing of dynamic images from Anger scintillation camera (eds.: K.B. Larson, J.R. Cox), Soc. Nucl. Med., New York: 108–126, 1974
Kelly, P.J., Yipintsoi, T., Bassingthwaighte, J.B.: Blood flow in canine tibial diaphysis estimated by iodoantipyrine-125-I washout. J. Appl. Physiol. 31: 38–47, 1971
Bassingthwaighte, J.B., Strandeil, T., Donald, D.E.: Estimation of coronary blood flow by washout of diffusible indicators. Circ. Res. 23: 259–278, 1968
Guller, B., Yipintsoi, T., Orvis, A.L., Bassingthwaighte, J.B.: Myocardial sodium extraction at varied coronary flows in the dog. Circ. Res. 37: 359–378, 1975
Suenson, M., Richmond, D.R., Bassingthwaighte, J.B.: Diffusion of sucrose, sodium, and water in ventricular myocardium. Am. J. Physiol. 227: 1116–1123, 1974
Yipintsoi, T., Bassingthwaighte,J.B.: Circulatory transport of iodoantipyrine and water in the isolated dog heart. Circ. Res. 17: 461–477, 1970
Bassingthwaighte, J.B.: Circulatory transport and the convolution integral. Mayo Clin. Proc. 42: 137–154, 1967
Coulam, C.M., Warner, H.R., Wood, E.H., Bassingthwaighte, J.B.: A transfer function analysis of coronary and renal circulation calculated from upstream and downstream indicator-dilution curves. Circ. Res. 19: 879–890, 1966
Knopp, T.J., Bassingthwaighte, J.B.: Effect of flow on transpulmonary circulatory transport functions. J. Appl. Physiol. 27: 36–43, 1969
Chinard, F.P.: Estimation of extravascular lung water by indicator-dilution techniques. Circ. Res. 37: 137–145, 1975
Berman, M.: Compartmental Modeling. In: Advances in Medical Physics (eds.: J.S. Laughlin, E.W. Webster), 2nd Int. Conf. on Med. Physics, Inc. Boston: 279, 1971
Berman, M., Weiss, M.F.: SAAM Manual. Washington, DC, Dep. of Health, Education & Welfare, Publ. (NIM): 78–180, 1978
Cerretelli, P., Blau, M., Pendergast, D., Eisenhardt, C., et al.: Cadmium telluride Xe-133 clearance detector for muscle blood flow studies. IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sei., NS-25: 620–623, 1978
Larson, O.A.: Xe-133 methods for determining peripheral blood flow and blood pressure in patient with occlusive arterial disease. Angiology 23: 153, 1972
in children. Circulation 51: 1136, 1975
Pretschner, D.P., Hundeshagen, H., Kallfelz, H.C., Freymann, R.: Zur radiokardiographisehen Bestimmung von Links-Rechts-Shunts. In: Nuklearmedizin und Biokinetik (eds.: K. Oeff, H.A.E. Schmidt), Bd.l, Medico-Informationsdienste, Berlin: 460–464, 1978
Keyes, J.W., Jr.: Manual of Nuclear Medicine Procedures. CRC Press, Inc., Florida, 1978
Pfannenstiel, P.: 30 Jahre Nuklearmedizin. Electromedica 3: 71–76, 1980
Metz, C.E., Starr, S.J., Lusted, L.B., Rossmann, K.: Progress in evaluation of human observer visual detection performance using the ROC curve approach. In: Information Processing in Scintigraphy (eds.: G. Raynaud, A.E. Todd-Pokropek), CEA, Orsay: 420–439, 1976
Metz, C.E.: Basic principles of ROC analysis. Sem.Nucl.Med. VIII: 283–298, 1978
Lusted, L.B.: General problems in medical decision making with comments on ROC analysis. Sem. Nucl. Med. VIII: 299–306, 1978
Parkey, R.W., Bonte, F.J., Buja, L.M., Willerson, J.T. (eds.): Clinical Nuclear Cardiology, Appleton-Century-Crofts/New York, 1979
Strauss, H.W., Pitt, B., Rouleau, J., Bailey, I.K., Wagner, H.N. (eds.): Atlas of Cardiovascular Nuclear Medicine, C. V. Mosby Comp., St. Louis, 1977
Strauss, H.W., Pitt, B. (eds.): Cardiovascular nuclear medicine, 2nd ed., C.V. Mosby Comp., St. Louis, 1979
Serafini, A.N., Gilson, A.J., Smoak, W.M. (eds.): Nuclear Cardiology. Principles and Methods, Plenum Medical Book Company, New York, London, 1976
Ritchie, J.L., Hamilton, G.W., Wackers, F.J.T. (eds.): Thallium-201 Myocardial Imaging, Raven Press, New York, 1978
Wackers, F.J.T. (ed.): Myocardial imaging in the coronary care unit, Martinus Nijhoff Pubi., The Hague, Boston, London, 1980
Pierson, R.N., Jr., Kriss, J.P., Jones, R.H., Maclntyre, W.J. (eds.): Quantitative Nuclear Cardiography, J. Wiley & Sons, New York, 1975
Kirchner, P.T. (ed.): Nuclear Medicine Review Syllabus, Soc.Nucl.Med., Inc., 1
Budinger, T.F., Rollo, F.D.: Physics and Instrumentation. Progr. Cardiovasc. Dis. 20: 19–53, 1977
Pretschner, D.P., Hundeshagen, H.: Ein gekammertes Herzmuskelphantom für die Myokardszintigraphie. Nuc Compact 11: 269–272, 1980
Watson, D.D., Campell, N.P., Read, E.K., et al.: Spatial and temporal quantitation of plane thallium myocardial images. J. Nucl. Med. 22: 577–584, 1981
Snyder, D.L.: Statistical analysis of dynamic tracer data. In: Computer Processing of Dynamic Images from an Anger Scintillation Camera (eds.: K.B. Larson, J.R. Cox), Soc. Nucl. Med., Inc.: 127–147, 1974
Larson, K.B.: Models for dynamic tracer studies. In: Computer Processing of Dynamic Images from an Anger Scintillation Camera (eds.: K.B. Larson, J.R. Cox), Soc. Nucl. Med., Inc.: 152–172, 1974
Brownell, G.L., Callahan, A.B.: Transform methods for tracer data analysis. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 108: 172–181, -1964
Callahan, A.B., Pizer, S.M.: The applicability of Fourier transform analysis to biological compartmental models. In: Natural Automata and Useful Simulations (eds.: H.H. Pattee, E.A. Edelsack, et al.), Spartan Books, Washington: 149–177, 1964
Heiss, W.-D., Prosenz, P., Roszuczky: Technical considerations in the use of a gamma camera 1600-channel analyser system for the measurement of regional cerebral blood flow. J. Nucl. Med. 13: 534–543, 1972
Jacquez, J.A.: Compartmental Analysis in Biology and Medicine. Elsevier Pubi. Co., Amsterdam-London-New York, 1972
Shipley, R.A., Clark, R.E.: Tracer Methods for in vivo Kinetics. Academic Press, New York, London, 1972
Lewis, S.E., Stokely, E.M., Bonte, F.J.:PhysicsandInstrumentation. In: Clinical Nuclear Cardiology (eds.: R.W. Parkey, F.J. Bonte, L.M. Buja, J.T. Willerson ), Appleton-Century-Crofts/New York: p. 39, 1979
Arnold, J.E., Wilson, B.C.: Computer processing of perfusion, ventilation, and V/Q images to highlight pulmonary embolism. Eur. J. Nucl. Med. 6: 309–315, 1981
Alpert, N.M., McKusick, K.A., Correia, J.A,, Shea, W., Brownell, G.L., Potsaid, M.S.: Initial assessment of a simple functional image of ventilation. J. Nucl. Med. 17: 88–92, 1976
Knopp, R., Breuel, H.-P., Schmidt, H., Winkler, C.: Funktionsscintigraphie des Herzens. I. Datentechnische Grundlagen und Methodik. Fortschr. Röntgenstr. 128: 44–47, 1978
Agress, H., Jr., Green, M.V., Reswood, D.R., et al.: Functional imaging methodology: recent clinical and research applications. In: Information Processing in Scintigraphy (eds.: C. Raynaud, A. Todd-Pokropek), CEA, Orsay: 189–207, 1976
Wiener, S.N., Borkat, F.R., Floyd, R.M.: Functional imaging: a method of analysis and display using regional rate constants. J.Nucl.Med. 15: 65–68, 1974
Raynaud, C., Todd-Pokropek, A.E., Cornar, D., et al.: A method for investigating regional variations of the cerebral uptake rate of11-C-labelled psychotopic drugs in man. In: Dynamic Studies with Radioisotopes in Medicine 1974, Vol. I, IAEA, Vienna: 45–58, 1975
Natarajan, T.K., Wagner, H.N., Jr.: Functional images of the lung. In: Dynamic Studies with Radioisotopes in Medicine 1974, Vol.11, IAEA, Vienna:357–366, 1975
Pretschner, D.P., Kießling, D., Freihorst, J., Gleitz, C.-D., Hundeshagen, H.: Ergebnisse der quantitativen 201-Tl-Myokardszintigraphie vor und nach aortocoronarer Venenbypass-Operation. 18th Int. Ann. Meeting, Soc. Nucl. Med., Nürnberg (FRG), Sept. 9–12, 1980 (in press)
Pretschner, D.P., Wolf, R., Lichtlen, P., Hundeshagen, H.: Quantitative Auswertung von Myokardszintigrammen. Nuklearmediziner 2 (Suppl.): 48–58, 1979
Höhne, K.H., Pfeiffer, G.: The role of the physician-computer interaction in the acquisition and interpretation of scintigraphic data. Meth. Inform. Med. 13: 65–70, 1974
Rosenfeld, A. (ed.): Digital Picture Analysis, Springer Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York, 1976
Huang, T.S. (ed.): Picture Processing and Digital Filtering, Springer Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York, 1975
Fu, K.S.: Digital Pattern Recognition, Springer Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg- New York, 1976
Touya, E., Perillo, W., Paez, A., Osorio, A. et al.: Scintigraphy of the cerebrospinal fluid. In: Medical Radionuclide Imaging, Vol.11, IAEA, Vienna: 381–399, 1977
Hundeshagen, H., Geisler, S., Dittmann, P., Lichtlen, P., Engel, H.-J.: Quantitative scintigraphic display of myocardial blood flow. Eur. J. Nucl. Med. 1: 107–115, 1976
Emrich, D. (ed.): Nuklearmedizin Funktionsdiagnostik und Therapie, 2nd. ed., Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, 1979
Meyniel, G., Beckers, G., Blanquet, P. et al. (eds.): Traité de Medicine Nucléaire, Explorations fonctionelles Flammarion Médicine Sciences, Paris,1975
Blood Flow. Sem. Nucl. Med. VI, Part I, II, No. 2-3: 141–303, 1976
Radionuclide studies of the lung. Sem. Nucl. Med. X, No. 3: 198–310, 1980
Thrombosis detection. Sem. Nucl. Med. VII, No. 3: 205–281, 1977
Green, M.V., Ostrow, H.G., Douglas, M.A., Myers, R.W. et al.: High temporal resolution ECG-gated scintigraphic angiocardiography. J.Nucl.Med. 16: 95–98, 1975
Bacharach, S.L., Green, M.V., Borer, J.S. et al.: A computer system for clinical nuclear cardiology. In: Proc. Comp. Appl. in Med. Care, Washington, D.C., IEEE Computer Soc., Cat. No. 78CH1413-4, Long Beach, CA: 50–55, 1978
Maddox, D.E., Wynne, J., Uren, R., Parker, J.A., et al.: Regional ejection fraction:a quantitative radionuclide index of regional left ventricular performance. Circulation 59: 1001–1009, 1979
Maddox, D.E., Holman, B.L., Wynne, J., Idoine, J., et al.: Ejection fraction image: a noninvasive index of regional left ventricular wall motion. Am. J. Cardiol. 41: 1230–1238, 1978
Holman, B.L., Wynne, J., Idoine, J., Zielonka, J., Neill, J.: The paradox image: a noninvasive index of regional left-ventricular dyskinesis. J. Nucl. Med. 20: 1237–1242, 1979
Bacharach, S.L., Green, M.V., Borer, J.S., Hyde, J.E., et al.: Left-ventricular peak ejection rate, filling rate, and ejection fraction frame rate requirements at rest and exercise: concise communication. J. Nucl. Med. 20: 189–193, 1979
Green, M.V., Brody, W.R., Douglas, M.A., Borer, J.S., et al.: Ejection fraction by count rate from gated images. J. Nucl. Med. 19: 880–883, 1978
Geffers, H., Adam, W.E., Bitter, F., Sigel, H., Kampmann, H.: Data processing and functional imaging in radionuclide ventriculography. In: Information Processing in Medical Imaging, Proc. Vth Int. Conf., Nashville, ORNL/BCTIC-2: 322–331, 1978
Bitter, F., Adam, W.E., Geffers, H., Weller, R.: Die Fourier-Analyse bei der Auswertung von Herzuntersuchungen. In: Systeme und Signalverarbeitung in der Nuklearmedizin (eds.: S.J. Pöppl, D.P. Pretschner), Springer Verlag, Berlin- Heidelberg-New York: 152–165, 1981
Ashburn, W.L., Schelbert, H.R., Verba, J.W.: Left ventricular ejection fraction - a review of several radionuclde angiographic approaches using the scintillation camera. Progr. Cardiovasc. Dis. 20: 267–284, 1978
Nelson, T.R., Perkins, G.C., Slutsky, R.A., Verba, J.W.: Automated online analysis of all four cardiac chambers for rapid setup, data acquisition and reduction. J. Nucl. Med. 22: P63, 1981
Borer, J.S., Kent, K.-M., Bacharach, S.L., Green, M.V., et al.: Sensitivity, specificity and predictive accuracy of radionuclide cineangiography during exercise in patients with coronary artery disease. Circulation 60: 572–580, 1979
Adam, W.E., Sigel, H., Geffers, H., Kampmann, K., Bitter, F., Stauch, M.: Analyse der regionalen Wandbewegung des linken Ventrikels bei koronarer Herzerkrankung durch ein nichtinvasives Verfahren (Radionuklid-Kinematographie). Z. Kardiol. 66: 545–555, 1977
Rerych, S.K., Scholz, P.M., Newman, G.E., et al.: Cardiac function at rest and during exercise in normals and in patients with coronary heart disease: evaluation by radionuclide angiocardiography. Ann. Surg. 187: 449–464, 1978
Entzian, W., Palma, A., Holberg, T.: Bedeutung der szintigraphischen Untersuchung der Liquordynamik für neurochirurgische Patienten. Nuklearmediziner 2: 107–116, 1978
Ulimann, V., Kuba, J.: Dynamic scintigraphy: calculation and imaging of regional distribution of quantitative parameters. Eur. J. Nucl. Med. 3: 153–160, 1978
Computer Applications. Sem Nucl. Med. VIII, No. 2: 105–161, 1978
Rai, G.S., Haggith, J.W., Fenwick, J.D., James, O.: Clinical evaluation of computer processing of liver gamma camera scans. Br. J. Radiol. 52: 116, 1979
Burow, R.D., Pond, M., Schafer, A.W., Becker, L.: “Circumferential profiles”: a new method for computer analysis of thallium-201 myocardial perfusion images. J. Nucl. Med. 20: 771–777, 1979
IAEA co-ordinated research programme on the intercomparison of computer-assisted scintigraphic techniques. Second and third progress reports. In: Medical Radionuclide Imaging, Vol.1, IAEA, Vienna: 571–615, 1977
Hör, G., Kanemoto, N.: 201-Tl-Myocardial scintigraphy: current status in coronary artery disease, results of sensitivity/specificity in 3092 patients and clinical recommendations. Nucl. Med. XX: 136–147, 1981
Decision Making in Nuclear Medicine. Sem.Nucl.Med. VIII, No. 4: 271–364, 1978
N. Engl. J. Med. 293, No. 5: 211–257, 1975
Hamilton, G.W., Trobaugh, G.B., Ritchie, J.L., Gould, K.L., et al.: Myocardial imaging with Tl-201:an analysis of clinical usefulness based on Bayes’ theorem Sem. Nucl. Med. VIII: 358–364, 1978
Drum, D.E., Christacopoulos, J.S.: Hepatic scintigraphy in clinical decision making. J. Nucl. Med. 13: 908–915, 1972
Drum, D.E.: Optimizing the clinical value of hepatic scintiphotography. Sem. Nucl. Med. VIII: 346–357, 1978
McNeill, B.J.: Rationale for the use of bone scans in selected metastatic and primary bone tumors. Sem. Nucl. Med. VIII: 336–345, 1978
Sisson, J.C., Bartold, S.P., Bartold, S.L.: The dilemma of the solitary thyroid nodule: resolution through decision analysis. Sem. Nucl. Med. VIII: 59–71, 1978
McNeill, B.J.: A diagnostic strategy using ventilation-perfusion studies in patients for suspect of pulmonary embolism. J. Nucl. Med. 17: 613–616, 1976
McNeill, B.J., Keeler, E., Adelstein, S.J.: Determining the value of diagnostic and screening tests. J. Nucl. Med. 17: 439–448, 1976
Bell, R.S.: Efficacy What’s that ? Sem. Nucl. Med. VIII: 316–323, 1978
Lusted, L.B.: An analysis of medical decision making. In: Medical Radionuclide imaging, Vol. II, IAEA, Vienna: 185–196, 1977
Houston, A.S.: Mathematical tumours and their use in assessing data processing techniques in radioisotope sintigraphy. Phys. Med. Biol. 19: 631–642, 1974
Lusted, L.B.: Introduction to medical decision making. Springfield, Charles C. Thomas, 1968
Houston, A.S., Sharp, P.F., Tofts, P.S., Diffey, B.L.: A multicentre comparison of computer assisted image processing and display methods in scintigraphy. Phys. Med. Biol. 24: 547–558, 1979
Houston, A.S., MacLeod, M.A.: An intercomparison of computer assisted image processing and display methods in liver scintigraphy. Phys. Med. Biol. 24: 559–570, 1979
Runczik, L., Cernoch, V., Vavreijn, B.: Hybrid simulation: a new method for comparison of scintigraphic devices. In: Medical Radioisotope Scintigraphy, Vol.1, IAEA, Vienna: 691, 1973
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1981 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Pretschner, D.P. (1981). Planar Imaging and Picture Analysis in Nuclear Medicine. In: Höhne, K.H. (eds) Digital Image Processing in Medicine. Lecture Notes in Medical Informatics, vol 15. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-93188-8_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-93188-8_7
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-10877-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-93188-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive