Skip to main content

Zusammenfassung

Permeability studies are attempts to describe, as nearly as possible in molecular terms, processes which reflect specific functions of cells and tissues at the level of cellular organization. Research in this rapidly expanding field does not lend itself easily to experimentation and progress depends to a large extent on refinements of old methods and the introduction of new ones. A great versatility and diversity in methods is needed in order to approach the solution of problems which encompass the fields of physiology, morphology, and biological and physical chemistry.

The author’s work is supported in part by research grants (E-1363 and C-3958) from the National Institutes of Health, the United States Public Health Service.

The author’s work is supported by research grants from the National Science Foundation, Washington, D. C., U. S. A.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 44.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 59.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Literature

  • Alexander, D. P., R. D. Andrews, A. St. G. huggett, D. A. Nixon and W. F. Widdas: The placental transfer of sugars in the sheep: Studies with radioactive sugar. J. Physiol. (London) 129, 352 (1955).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Amoore, J. E., and W. Bartley: The permeability of isolated rat-liver mitochondria to sucrose, sodium chloride and potassium chloride at 0°. Biochem. J. 69, 223 (1958).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aronoff, S.: Chapter 5 in: Techniques of Radiobiochemistry. The Iowa State College Press, Press Building, Ames, Iowa, U.S.A. 1956.

    Google Scholar 

  • Atkinson, R. M., B. J. Parsons and D. H. Smyth: The intestinal absorption of glucose. J. Physiol. (London) 135, 581 (1957).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ball, E. G., D. B. Martin and O. Cooper: Studies on the metabolism of adipose tissue. I: The effect of insulin on glucose utilization as measured by the manometric determination of carbon dioxide output. II: The effect of changes in the ionic composition of the medium upon the response to insulin. J. biol. Chem. 234, 774/781 (1959).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barrnett, Russell J., and E. G. Ball: Morphologic and metabolic changes produced in rat adipose tissue in vitro by insulin. Science 129, 1282 (1959).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Benson, A. A., B. Maruo, R. J. Flipse, H. W. Yurow and W. W. Miller: Application of the nuclear reactor in biochemical analysis: Neutron activation chromatography. In: Proc. Second United Nations int. Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy. Publ. United Nations 24, Part 1, 289, Geneva 1958.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berson, S. A., and R. S. Yalow: Recent studies on insulin-binding antibodies, in: Current Trends in Research and Clinical Management of Diabetes. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 82, 338 (1959).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • — Quantitative aspects of the reaction between insulin and insulin-binding antibody. J. clin. Invest. 38, 1996 (1959).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bodo, R. C. DE, N. Altszuler, A. Dunn, R. Steele, D. T. Armstrong and J. S. Bishop: Effects of exogenous and endogenous insulin on glucose utilization and production. In: Current Trends in Research and Clinical Management of Diabetes. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 82, 431 (1959).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Britton, H. G.: The permeability of the human red cell to labeled glucose. Proceedings of the physiological society. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 61 P (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  • Chargaff, E., C. Levine and C. Green: Techniques for the demonstration by chromatography of nitrogenous lipide constituents, sulfur containing amino acids and reducing sugars. J. biol. Chem. 175, 67 (1948).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Christensen, H. N., H. M. Parker and T. R. Riggs: Non-exchange of carboxyloxygen in mammalian amino acid transport. J. biol. Chem. 233, 1485 (1958).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Coons, A. H., and M. H. Kaplan: Localization of antigen in tissue cells. Improvement in a method for the detection of antigen by means of fluorescent antibody. J. exp. Med. 91, 1 (1950).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crane, R. K., and S. M. Krane: On the mechanism of the intestinal absorption of sugars. Biochim. biophys. Acta 20, 568 (1956).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • R. A. Field and C. F. Cori: Studies of tissue permeability. I. The penetration of sugars into the Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. J. biol. Chem. 224, 649 (1957).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • — Use of charcoal to separate mixtures of inorganic, ester and nucleotide phosphates. Science 127, 285 (1958).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • — and S. M. Krane: Studies on the mechanism of the intestinal active transport of sugars. Biochim. biophys. Acta 31, 397 (1959).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Danielli, J. F.: Morphological and molecular aspects of active transport. Symp. Soc. exp. Biol. 8, 502 (1954).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dutton, H. J., E. P. Jones, L. H. Mason and R. F. Nystrom: Labeling fatty acids by exposure to tritium gas. Proc. IV. int. Congress of Biochemistry, Vienna. Suppl. int. Abstracts of Biological Sciences, 18-1; p. 202. London-New York: Pergamon Press 1958.

    Google Scholar 

  • Duve, C. DE, and H. G. Hers: Carbohydrate metabolism. Annual Rev. Biochem., Palo Alto 26, 149 (1957).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eisen, H. N., M. Kern, W. T. Newton and E. Helmreich: A study of the distribution of 2,4-dinitrobenzene sensitizers between isolated lymph node cells and extracellular medium in relation to induction of contact skin sensitivity. J. exp. Med. 110, 187 (1959).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Field, R. A., and C. F. Cori: In preparation, 1960.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fisher, R. B., and D. B. Lindsay: The action of insulin on the penetration of sugars into the perfused heart. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 131, 526 (1956).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Froesch, E. R., and A. E. Renold: Specific enzymatic determination of glucose in blood and urine using glucose oxidase. Diabetes 5, 1 (1956).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gammeltoft, A., and K. Kjerulf-Jensen: The mechanism of renal excretion of fructose and galactose in rabbit, rat, dog and man. Acta physiol. scand. 6, 368 (1943).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Glaser, L., and D. H. Brown: Purification and properties of D-glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. J. biol Chem. 216, 67 (1955).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hawkins, J. D., and E. D. Wills: Studies on the intestinal absorption of glucose. Biochim. biophys. Acta 23, 210 (1957).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Helmreich, E.: Zuckertransport in Zellen und Geweben ein Ort der Stoffwechselkontrolle? Klinische Physiologie. Stuttgart I, 1, p. 44–86 Georg Thieme 1960.

    Google Scholar 

  • — and C. F. Cori: Some problems of permeability of tissue cells to sugars. Ciba Found. Coll. Endocr. 9, 227 (1956).

    Google Scholar 

  • — Studies of tissue permeability. II. The distribution of pentoses between plasma and muscle. J. biol. Chem. 224, 663 (1957).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • — and H. N. Eisen: The distribution and utilization of glucose in isolated lymph node cells. J. biol. Chem. 234, 1958 (1959).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hestrin-lerner, S., and B. Shapiro: Absorption of glucose from the intestine. I: In vitro studies. Biochim. biophys. Acta 12, 533 (1953); II: In vivo and perfusion studies. Biochim. biophys. Acta 13, 54 (1954).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hillman, R. S., R. B. Landau and J. Ashmore: Structural specificity of hexose penetration of rabbit erythrocytes. Amer. J. Physiol. 196, 1277 (1959).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holt, C. V., I. Nolte and L. v. Holt: Experiments on tritium labeled insulin. In: Proc. Second United Nations int. Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy. Publ. United Nations, 25, Part 2, 230, Geneva 1958.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holter, H.: Problems of pinocytosis with special regard to amoebae. In: The biology of the amoeba. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 78, 524 (1959).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hughes, W. L., V. P. Bond, G. Brecher, E. P. Cronkite, R. B. Painter, H. Quastler and F. G. Sherman: Cellular proliferation in the mouse as revealed by autoradiography with tritiated thymidine. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 44, 476 (1958).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Isbell, H. S.: U.S. Pat. 2653931 (1953). Chem. Abstr. 48, 958 h (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kallee, E.: Über 131J signiertes insulin. I. Mitteilung (Nachweis). Z. Naturforsch. 7b, 661 (1952).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kendrew, J. C.: Structure and function in myoglobin and other proteins. Fed. Proc. 18, No. 2, Part I, 740 (1959).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Keston, A. S.: Occurrence of mutarotase in animals: Its proposed relationship to transport and reabsorption of sugars and insulin. Science 120, 355 (1954).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • — Specific, colorimetric, and enzymatic, analytical reagent for glucose. Abstracts American Chemical Soc. 129th Meeting, 31 C (1956).

    Google Scholar 

  • Keynes, R. D., and P. R. Lewis: Sodium and potassium content of cephalopod nerve fibers. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 114, 151 (1951).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kipnis, D. M., and C. F. Cori: Studies of tissue permeability. III. The effect of insulin on pentose uptake by the diaphragm. J. biol. Chem. 224, 681 (1957).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • — and M. W. Noall: Stimulation of amino acid transport by insulin in the isolated rat diaphragm. Biochim. biophys. Acta 28, 226 (1958).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • E. Helmreich and C. F. Cori: Studies of tissue permeability. IV. The distribution of glucose between plasma and muscle. J. biol. Chem. 234, 165 (1959).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • — and C. F. Cori: Studies of tissue permeability. V. The penetration and phosphorylation of 2-deoxyglucose in the rat diaphragm. J. biol. Chem. 234, 171 (1959).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • — and R. K. Crane: In preparation, 1960.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kiyasu, J. Y., J. Katz and I. L. Chaikoff: Nature of C14 compounds recovered in portal plasma after enteral administration of C14 labeled glucose. Biochim. biophys. Acta 21, 286 (1956).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krane, S. M., and R. K. Crane: The accumulation of D-galactose against a concentration gradient by slices of rabbit kidney cortex. J. biol. Chem. 234, 211 (1959).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lacy, P. E., and J. Davies: Demonstration of insulin in mammalian pancreas by the fluorescent antibody method. Stain Technol. 34, 85 (1959).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Landau, R. B., and T. H. Wilson: The role of phosphorylation in glucose absorption from the intestine of the golden hamster. J. biol. Chem. 234, 749 (1959).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Le Fevre, P. G.: The evidence for active transport of monosaccharides across the red cell membrane. In: Active transport and secretion. Sympos. Soc. exp. Biol. 8, 118 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  • — Active transport through animal cell membranes. Protoplasmatologia 8, 7 a (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  • Levine, R., and M. S. Goldstein: On the mechanism of action of insulin. Recent Progr. Hormone Res. 11, 343 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  • Manchester, K. L., and F. G. Young: The effect of insulin on incorporation of amino acids into protein of normal rat diaphragm in vitro. Biochem. J. 70, 353 (1958).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mirsky, I. A., G. Perisutti and F. J. Dixon: The destruction of I131 labeled insulin by rat liver extracts. J. biol. Chem. 214, 397 (1955).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moloney, P. J., and M. Coval: Antigenicity of insulin: Diabetes induced by specific antibodies. Biochem. J. 59, 179 (1955).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mortimore, Glenn E., and F. Tietze: Studies on the mechanism of capture and degradation of insulin-I131 by the cyclically perfused rat liver. In: Current Trends in Research and Clinical Management of Diabetes. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 82, 329 (1959).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Neuberg, C., and E. Strauss: Quantitative formation of osazones. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 11, 457 (1946).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Newey, H., D. H. Smyth and B. C. Whaler: The absorption of glucose by the in vitro intestinal preparation. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 129, 1 (1955).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ørskov, S. L.: Eine Methode zur fortlaufenden photographischen Aufzeichnung von Volumänderungen der roten Blutkörperchen. Biochem. Z. 279, 241 (1935).

    Google Scholar 

  • Park, C. R., R. L. Post, C. F. Kalman, J. H. Wright JR., L. H. Johnson and H. E. Morgan: The transport of glucose and other sugars across cell membranes and the effect of insulin. Ciba Found. Coll. Endocr. 9, 240 (1956).

    Google Scholar 

  • D. Reinwein, M. J. Henderson, E. Cadenas and H. E. Morgan: The action of insulin on the transport of glucose through the cell membrane. In: Symposium on disorders of carbohydrate metabolism. De Witt Stetten, Jr., Guest Editor. Amer. J. Med. 26, 674 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  • Reid, A. F., R. L. Caldwell and J. C. Vanatta: The use of activation analysis and radio-sulfate space to determine intracellular sodium. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 84, 498 (1959).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reiffel, L., and C. A. Stone: Neutron activation analysis of tissue. Measurements of sodium, potassium and phosphorus in muscle. J. Lab. clin. Med. 49, 286 (1957).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reinwein, D., C. F. Kalman and C. R. Park: Transport of glucose and other sugars across the cell membrane of the human erythrocyte. Fed. Proc. 16, 237 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  • Roe, J. H., and E. W. Rice: A photometric method for the determination of free pentoses in animal tissues. J. biol. Chem. 173, 507 (1948).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenberg, Th.: The Concept and Definition of active transport. In: Active transport and secretion. Sympos. Soc. exp. Biol. 8, 21 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ross, E. J.: The transfer of non-electrolytes across the blood-aqueous barrier. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 112, 229 (1951).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schindewolf, U.: Chemische Analyse durch Neutronen-Reaktionen. Angew. Chem. 70, 181 (1958).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schmeiser, K., u. D. I. Jerchel: Quantitativer Nachweis von Schwefel, Chlor und Bromenthaltenden Verbindungen auf Papierchromatogrammen mit Hilfe induzierter Radioaktivität. IL Phosphor-Bestimmungen nach Neutron-Aktivierung in Papier-Elektro-pherogrammen. Angew. Chem. 65, 366, 490 (1953).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schwarz, I. L., C. T. O. Fong, E. A. Popenoe, L. Silver and M. A. Schoessler: Evidence for a covalent attachment of the antidiuretic hormone to its receptor site in the kidney. Proc. Amer. Soc. clin. Invest. 51, 62 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  • Siekevitz, Ph.: On the meaning of intracellular structure for metabolic regulation. In: Regulation of cell metabolism. Ciba Foundation Sympos. G. E. W. Wolstenholme and C. M. O’Connor (editors). Boston: Little, Brown and Co. 1959.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sols, A.: The hexokinase activity of the intestinal mucosa. Biochim. biophys. Acta 19, 144 (1956).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • — and G. de la Fuente: Glucosa oxidasa en análisis. Rev. esp. Fisiol. 13, 231 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  • — On the substrate specificity of glucose oxidase. Biochim. biophys. Acta 24, 206 (1957).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Somogyi, M.: Determination of blood sugar. J. biol. Chem. 160, 69 (1945).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spencer, R. P., T. G. Mitchell and E. R. King: Neutron activation of sodium in blood serum. J. Lab. clin. Med. 50, 646 (1957).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steele, R., W. Bernstein and C. Bjerknes: Single phototube liquid scintillation counting of C14. Applications to an easily isolated derivative of blood glucose. J. appl. Physiol. 10, 319 (1957).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • — Influences of glucose loading and of injected insulin on hepatic glucose output. In: Current Trends in Research and Clinical Management of Diabetes. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 82, 420 (1959).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Taggart, J. V.: Mechanisms of renal tubular transport. Amer. J. Med. 24, 774 (1958).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Topper, Y. J., and A. B. Hastings: A study of the chemical origins of glycogen by use of C14 labeled carbon dioxide, acetate and pyruvate. J. biol. Chem. 179, 1255 (1949).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Verzár, F., and E. J. Mcdougall: Absorption from the intestine. London: Longmans, Green and Co. 1936.

    Google Scholar 

  • Werkheiser, W. C., and W. Bartley: The study of steady-state concentrations of internal solutes of mitochondria by rapid centrifugational transfer to a fixation medium. Biochem. J. 66, 79 (1957).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, T. H., and R. K. Crane: The specificity of sugar transport by hamster intestine. Biochim. biophys. Acta 29, 30 (1958).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • — and B. R. Landau: Specificity of sugar transport by the intestine of the hamster. Amer. J. Physiol. 198, 99 (1960).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wilzbach, K. E.: Tritium-labeling by exposure of organic compounds to tritium gas. J. Amer. chem. Soc. 79, 1013 (1957).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Winegrad, A. I., and A. E. Renold: Studies on rat adipose tissue in vitro. I. Effects of insulin on the metabolism of glucose, pyruvate and acetate. II. Effects of insulin on the metabolism of specifically labeled glucose. J. biol. Chem. 233, 267/273 (1958).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wood, H. G.: Significance of alternate pathways in the metabolism of glucose. Physiol. Rev. 35, 841 (1955).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wool, I. G., and M. E. Krahl: Incorporation of C14 histidine into protein of isolated diaphragms: Interaction of fasting, glucose and insulin. Amer. J. Physiol. 197, 367 (1959).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

H. Schwiegk F. Turba

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1961 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Helmreich, E., Crane, R.K. (1961). The Use of Isotopes in the Study of Sugar Transport in Mammalian Cells and Tissues. In: Schwiegk, H., Turba, F. (eds) Künstliche Radioaktive Isotope in Physiologie Diagnostik und Therapie/Radioactive Isotopes in Physiology Diagnostics and Therapy. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-92819-2_22

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-92819-2_22

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-49048-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-92819-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics