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Quantitative Genetik pp 159–177Cite as

Mutationen

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Zusammenfassung

Es isr sehr einfach in den Formeln der Popularionsgenetik für die einzelnen Loki eine miniere Murationshäufigkeit von z. B. 10-5 anzunehmen. Wir dürfen aber nichr vergessen, daß solche Annahmen willkürlich sind, da die wirklichen Verhälrnisse uns ungenügend bekannt sind. Bei Drosophila ist es üblich, die Mutationen in mehrere grobe Kategorien einzuteilen, etwa nach folgendem Schema. Verschiedene Autoren

Art der Mutation

Letal und subletal

Schädlich (detrimentals)

„Sichtbar“(visibles)

Unsichtbar, subnormal

Vitalität ....

0-10%

10-85%

10-100%

> 85%

Relative Häufigkeit

8

5-30

1

X

benutzen indessen recht verschiedene Klassifikation. Nur ein geringes Prozent der Mutationen ist „sichtbar“, d. h. bei Lupenbetrachtung werden charakteristische Abweichungen von der Norm gefunden. Der Rest der Mutationen ist unsichtbar, d. h. ohne Spezialuntersuchungen erkennen wir nichts anderes als eine erhöhte Sterblichkeit auf jüngeren Stadien. Die typischen Letalfaktoren haben eine Vitalität von 0%, subletale und detrimentale Mutationen fallen in die Intervalle 0–10% und 10 bis 85% der normalen Vitalität. Die Häufigkeit der Letalfaktoren läßt sich mit relativ hoher Genauigkeit messen. Detrimentale Mutationen sind nach Muller (1954) dreibis fünfmal so häufig wie die Summe der letalen und subletalen, während andere Auroren weir niedrigere Werre fanden. Da indessen diese Karegorie von Murarionen nichr exakr analysiert worden ist, kann man diese Angaben nicht als bewiesen betrachten. Die Häufigkeit der „sichtbaren“ Mutationen hängt von der Beobachtungsgabe des Forschers sowie von den benutzten Kriterien für Mutationen ab.

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Authors
  1. Gunnar Eilert Hiorth
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© 1963 Springer-Verlag OHG / Berlin · Göttingen · Heidelberg

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Hiorth, G.E. (1963). Mutationen. In: Quantitative Genetik. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-88018-6_10

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-88018-6_10

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