Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Neurocritical Care pp 46–56Cite as

Documentation and Scores

  • Chapter

  • 252 Accesses

Abstract

Neurological scoring systems are used to assess the severity of illness in patients with neurological diseases. Their use in clinical trials has resulted in increased precision and patient description as well as in improved reliability and validity of results. They can be used to monitor clinical course, to document complications of therapy, to record findings for data banks, and to help identify prognostic factors. Computer-aided documentation in neurocritical care is less helpful when these standardized scoring systems are not used.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Suggested Reading

  • Adams HP, Olinger CP, Barsan WG (1986) A dose-escalation study of large doses of naloxone for the treatment of patients with acute cerebral ischemia. Stroke 17: 404–409

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Adams RJ, Meador KJ, Sethi KD, Grotta JC, Thomson-DS (1987) Graded neurologic scale for use in acute hemispheric stroke treatment protocols. Stroke 18: 665–669

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Asplund K (1987) Clinimetrics in stroke research. Stroke 18: 528–530

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Benzer A, Mitterschiffthaler G, Marosi M, Luef G, Pühringer F, de la Renotiere K, Lehner H, Schmutzhard E (1991) Prediction of non-survival after trauma: The Innsbuck Coma Scale. Lancet 338: 977–978

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Biller J, Massey EW, Adams HP (1987) A dose-escalation study of ORG 10172 in the treatment of acute cerebral infarction. Ann Neurol 22: 159

    Google Scholar 

  • Brott T, Adams HP, Olinger CP, Marler JR, Barsan WG, Biller J, Spilker J, Holleran R, Eberle R, Hertzberg V, Rorick M, Moomaw CJ, Walker M (1989) Measurements of acute cerebral infarction: a clinical examination scale. Stroke 20: 864–870

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cote R, Hachinski VC, Shurvell BL, Norris JW, Wolfson C (1986) The Canadian Neurological Scale: a preliminary study in acute stroke. Stroke 17: 731–737

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cote R, Battista RN, Wolfson C, Boucher J, Adam J, Hachinski V (1989) The Canadian Neurological Scale: validation and reliability assessment. Neurology 39: 638–643

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Feldman Z, Contant CF, Robertson CS, Narayan RK, Grossman RG (1991) Evaluation of the Leeds prognostic score for severe head injury. Lancet 337: 1451–1453

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fleiss JL (1971) Measuring nominal scale agreement among many raters. Psychol Bull 76: 378–382

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fleiss JL, Nee JCM, Landis JR (1979) Large sample variance of kappa in the case of different sots of raters. Psychol Bull 86: 974–977

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marks RJ, Simons RS, Blizzard RA, Browne DRG (1991) Predicting outcome in intensive therapy units — a comparison of Apache II with subjective assessments. Intensive Care Med 17: 159–163

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fujitsu K, Muramoto M, Ikeda Y, Inada Y, Kim I, Kuwabara T (1990) Indications for surgical treatment of putaminal hemorrhage, Comparative study based on serial CT and time-course analysis. J Neurosurg 73: 518–525

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Garraway WM, Akhtar AJ, Gore SM, Prescott RJ, Smith RG (1976) Observer variation in the clinical assessment of stroke. Age Aging 5: 233–240

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gelmers HJ, Gorter K, de Weerdt CJ, Wiezer HJ (1988) A controlled trial of nimodipine in acute ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 318: 203–207

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gelmers HJ, Gorter K, de Weerdt CJ, Wiezer HJA (1988) Assessment of interobserver variability in a Dutch multicenter study on acute ischemic stroke. Stroke 19: 709–711

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gelmers HJ, Hennerici M (1990) Effect of nimodipine on acute ischemic stroke. Pooled results from five randomized trials. Stroke 21: 81–84

    Google Scholar 

  • Gensemer IB, Smith JL, Walker JC, McMurry F, Indeck M, Brotman S (1989) Psychological consequences of blunt head trauma and relation to other indices of severity of injury. Ann Emerg Med 18: 9–12

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein LB, Bertels C, Davis JN (1989) Interrater reliability of the NIH Stroke Scale. Arch Neurol 46: 660–662

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hacke W (1986) Neurologische Intensivmedizin, Notfallmedizin, vol 15. Perimed Fachbuch-Verlagsgesellschaft, Erlangen

    Google Scholar 

  • Katz S, Akpom CA (1976) A measure of primary sociobiological functions. Int J Health Sery 6: 493–507

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Katz S, Ford AB, Moskowitz RW, Jackson BA, Jaffe MW (1963) Studies of illness in the aged. JAMA 185: 914–919

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • K-TIA Study Group (1988) United Kingdom transient ischaemic attack (UK-TIA) aspirin trial: interim results. Br Med J 296: 316–320

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kurtzke JF (1955) A new scale for evaluating disability in multiple sclerosis. Neurology 5: 580–583

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kurtzke JF (1983) Rating neurologic impairment in multiple sclerosis: an expanded disability status scale (EDSS). Neurology 33: 1444–1452

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mahoney FI, Barthel DW (1965) Functional evaluation: the Barthel Index. Maryland State Med J 14: 61–65

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mathew NT, Meyer JS, Rivera VM, Charney JZ, Hartmann A (1972) Double-blind evaluation of glycerol therapy in acute cerebral infarction. Lancet 2: 1327–1333

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Olsen TS (1991) Outcome following occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. Acta Neurol Scand 83: 254–258

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Orgogozo JM, Capildeo R, Anagnostou CN, Juge O, Pere JJ, Dartigues JF, Steiner TF, Yotis A, Clifford Rose F (1983) A new stroke skate. Presse Med 12: 3039–3044

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oxbury JM, Greenhall RCD, Grainger KMR (1975) Predicting the outcome of stroke: acute stage after cerebral infarction. Br Med J 3: 125–127

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prescott RJ, Garraway WM, Akhtar AH (1982) Predicting functional outcome following acute stroke using a standard clinical examination. Stroke 13: 641–647

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rankin J (1957) Cerebral vascular accidents in patients over the age of 60, 2. Prognosis. Scott Med J 2: 200–215

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ropper AH, Griswold K, McKenna D, Souder D (1981) Computer-guided neurologic assessment in the neurologic intensive care unit. Heart Lung 10: 54–60

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scandinavian Stroke Study Group (1985) Multicenter trial of hemodilution in ischemic stroke — background and study protocol. Stroke 16: 885–890

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Skilbeck CE, Wade DT, Hewer RL, Wood VA (1983) Recovery after stroke. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 46: 5–8

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith ME, Garraway WM, Akhtar AJ, Andrews CJA (1977) An assessment unit for measuring the outcome of stroke rehabilitation. Br J Occ Ther 40: 51–53

    Google Scholar 

  • Spence JD, Donner AD (1982) Problems in design of stroke treatment trials. Stroke 13: 94–99

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • The Dutch TIA Trial (1988) protective effects of low-dose aspirin and atenolol in patients with transient ischemic attacks or non-disabling stroke. Stroke 19:512–517

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tourtellote WW, Syndulko K (1989) Quantifying the neurologic examination: principles, constraints, and opportunities. In: Munsat TL (ed) Quantification of neurologic deficit. Butterworths, Boston, pp 7–16

    Google Scholar 

  • Tuhrim S, Dambrosia JM, Price TR, Mohr JP, Wolf PA, Heyman A, Kase CS (1988) Prediction of intracerebral hemorrhage survival. Ann Neurol 24: 258–263

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • van Swieten JC, Koudstaal PJ, Visser MC, Schouten HJ, van Gijn J (1988) Inter-observer agreement for the assessment of handicap in stroke patients. Stroke 19: 604–607

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. Klaus Spitzer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Erich Schmutzhard
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Michael N. Diringer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurology, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany

    Werner Hacke M.D. (Professor and Chairman) (Professor and Chairman)

  2. Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 600 North Wall Street, 21205, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Daniel F. Hanley M.D. (Associate Professor, Director Neuroscience Critical) (Associate Professor, Director Neuroscience Critical)

  3. Department of Neurology, Humboldt University Berlin, Schumannstr. 20/21, 10117, Berlin, Germany

    Karl M. Einhäupl M.D. (Professor and Chairman, Charité) (Professor and Chairman, Charité)

  4. Department of Neurology, Medical Center, University of Virginia, Box 394, 22908, Charlottesville, VA, USA

    Thomas P. Bleck M.D. (Associate Professor) (Associate Professor)

  5. Department of Neurology, Washington University, Medical Center, 660 South Euclid Avenue, P.O. Box 8111, 63110, St. Louis, MO, USA

    Michael N. Diringer M.D. (Assistant Professor) (Assistant Professor)

  6. Department of Neurology, St. Elizabeth’s Hospital, 32 Fruit Street, 02114, Boston, MA, USA

    Allan H. Ropper M.D. (Professor of Neurology) (Professor of Neurology)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1994 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Spitzer, K., Schmutzhard, E., Diringer, M.N. (1994). Documentation and Scores. In: Hacke, W., Hanley, D.F., Einhäupl, K.M., Bleck, T.P., Diringer, M.N., Ropper, A.H. (eds) Neurocritical Care. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-87602-8_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-87602-8_5

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-87604-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-87602-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation