Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Knee Surgery pp 138–158Cite as

Complications and Pitfalls in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Revision Reconstruction

  • Chapter

Abstract

There has been a clear increase in the number of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructions performed over the last 15 years. Indications for reconstruction of ACL-deficient knee have broadened, increasing the number of operative cases per year. Further, there are more surgeons performing this procedure who are adequately trained in current arthroscopic techniques. Both factors have accounted for the overall increase. With this increase in total number of cases, there has also been an increase in the number of successful reconstructions. However, as with any procedure, unsatisfactory outcomes can occur. There are numerous causes for these failures. Certainly, the patient with untreated and/or unrecognized chondral or osteochondral damage, meniscal injury, associated ligamentous laxity, or other intraarticular pathology can have continued pain postoperatively as well.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   74.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. O’Donoghue DH, Frank GR, Jeter GL, et al. Repair and reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament in dogs. Factors influencing long-term results. J Bone Joint Surg 1971; 53A: 710–718.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Dejour H, Walch G, Deschamps G, et al. Arthrosis of the knee in chronic anterior laxity. Rev Chir Orthop 1987; 73: 157–170.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Funk FJJ. Osteoarthritis of the knee following ligamentous injury. Clin Orthop 1983; 172: 154–157.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Kannus P, Jarvinen M. Posttraumatic anterior cruciate ligament insufficiency as a cause of osteoarthritis in a knee joint. Clin Rheumatol 1989; 8: 251–260.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Daniel DM, Stone ML, Dobson BE, et al. Fate of the ACL injured patient: a prospective outcome study. Paper presented at the 19th Annual American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine meeting, 1993, Sun Valley, ID.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Brandt KD, Braunstein EM, Visco DM, et al. Anterior (cranial) cruciate ligament transection in the dog: a bona fide model of osteoarthritis, not merely of cartilage injury and repair. J Rheumatol 1991; 18: 436–446.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Clatworthy M, Amendola A. The anterior cruciate ligament and arthritis. Clin Sports Med 1999; 18: 173–198

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Greis PE, Johnson DL, Fu FH. Revision anterior cruciate ligament surgery: causes of graft failure and technical considerations of revision surgery. Clin Sports Med 1993; 12: 839–852.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Greis PE, Steadman JR. Revision of failed prosthetic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Clin Orthop 1996; 325: 78–90.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Johnson DL, Coen MJ. Revision ACL surgery. Etiology, indications, techniques, and results. Am J Knee Surg 1995; 8: 155–167.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Carson EW, Simonian PT, Wickiewicz TL, et al. Revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Instr Course Lect 1998; 47: 361–368.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Safran MR, Harner CD. Technical considerations of revision anterior cruciate ligament surgery. Clin Orthop 1996; 325: 50–64.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Hefzy MS, Grood ES. Sensitivity of insertion locations on length patterns of anterior cruciate ligament fibers. J Biomech Eng 1986; 108: 73–82.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Henning CE, Lynch MA, Glick KRJ. An in vivo strain gage study of elongation of the anterior cruciate ligament. Am J Sports Med 1985; 13: 22–26.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Jackson DW, Gasser SI. Tibial tunnel placement in ACL reconstruction. Arthroscopy 1994; 10: 124–131.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Woo SL, Livesay GA, Engle C. Biomechanics of the human anterior cruciate ligament. ACL structure and role in knee motion. Orthop Rev 1992; 21: 835–842.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Livesay GA, Rudy TW, Woo SL, et al. Evaluation of the effect of joint constraints on the in situ force distribution in the anterior cruciate ligament. J Orthop Res 1997; 15: 278–284.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Marder RA. The failed ACL reconstruction. In: Zarins B, Marder RA, eds. Revision of Failed Arthroscopic and Ligament Surgery. Malden, MA: Blackwell Science, 1998: 1–15.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Clancy WGJ, Nelson DA, Reider B, et al. Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using one-third of the patellar ligament, augmented by extra-articular tendon transfers. J Bone Joint Surg 1982; 64: 352–359.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Yoshiya S, Andrish JT, Manley MT, et al. Graft tension in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. An in vivo study in dogs. Am J Sports Med 1987; 15: 464–470.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Gertel TH, Lew WD, Lewis JL, et al. Effect of anterior cruciate ligament graft tensioning direction, magnitude, and flexion angle on knee biomechanics. Am J Sports Med 1993; 21: 572–581.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Nabors ED, Richmond JC, Vannah WM, et al. Anterior cruciate ligament graft tensioning in full extension. Am J Sports Med 1995; 23: 488–492.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Kurosaka M, Yoshiya S, Andrish JT. A biomechanical comparison of different surgical techniques of graft fixation in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Am J Sports Med 1987; 15: 225–229.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Matthews LS, Lawrence SJ, Yahiro MA, et al. Fixation strengths of patellar tendon-bone grafts. Arthroscopy 1993; 9: 76–81.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Steiner ME, Hecker AT, Brown CH Jr, et al. Anterior cruciate ligament graft fixation. Comparison of hamstring and patellar tendon grafts. Am J Sports Med 1994; 22: 240–246.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Noyes FR, Butler DL, Grood ES, et al. Biomechanical analysis of human ligament grafts used in knee-ligament repairs and reconstructions. J Bone Joint Surg 1984; 66A: 344–352.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Shapiro JD, Cohn BT, Jackson DW, et al. The biomechanical effects of geometric configuration of bonetendon-bone autografts in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Arthroscopy 1992; 8: 453–458.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Butler JC, Branch TP, Hutton WC. Optimal graft fixation-the effect of gap size and screw size on bone plug fixation in ACL reconstruction. Arthroscopy 1994; 10: 524–529.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Rupp S, Seil R, Krauss PW, et al. Cortical versus cancellous interference fixation for bone-patellar tendon-bone grafts. Arthroscopy 1998; 14: 484–488.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Ishibashi Y, Rudy TW, Livesay GA, et al. The effect of anterior cruciate ligament graft fixation site at the tibia on knee stability: evaluation using a robotic testing system. Arthroscopy 1997; 13: 177–182.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Robertson DB, Daniel DM, Biden E. Soft tissue fixation to bone. Am J Sports Med 1986; 14: 398–403.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Brown CHJ, Steiner ME, Carson EW. The use of hamstring tendons for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Technique and results. Clin Sports Med 1993; 12: 723–756.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Pena F, Grontvedt T, Brown GA, et al. Comparison of failure strength between metallic and absorbable interference screws. Influence of insertion torque, tunnel-bone block gap, bone mineral density, and interference. Am J Sports Med 1996; 24: 329–334.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Johnson LL, vanDyk GE. Metal and biodegradable interference screws: comparison of failure strength. Arthroscopy 1996; 12: 452–456.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Corsetti JR, Jackson DW. Failure of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: the biologic basis. Clin Orthop 1996; 325: 42–49.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Jackson DW, Grood ES, Cohn BT, et al. The effects of in situ freezing on the anterior cruciate ligament. An experimental study in goats. J Bone Joint Surg 1991; 73A: 201–213.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Arnoczky SP, Tarvin GB, Marshall JL. Anterior cruciate ligament replacement using patellar tendon. An evaluation of graft revascularization in the dog. J Bone Joint Surg 1982; 64A: 217–224.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Amiel D, Kleiner JB, Roux RD, et al. The phenomenon of “ligamentization”: anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with autogenous patellar tendon. J Orthop Res 1986; 4: 162–172.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Oakes BW. Collagen structure in the normal ACL and in ACL graft. In: Jackson DW, Arnoczky SP, eds. The Anterior Cruciate Ligament: Current and Future Concepts. New York: Raven Press, 1993: 209.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Jaureguito JW, Paulos LE. Why grafts fail. Clin Orthop 1996; 325: 25–41.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Fahey M, Indelicato PA. Bone tunnel enlargement after anterior cruciate ligament replacement. Am J Sports Med 1994; 22: 410–414.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Shino K, Inoue M, Horibe S, et al. Surface blood flow and histology of human anterior cruciate ligament allografts. Arthroscopy 1991; 7: 171–176.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Berchuck M, Andriacchi TP, Bach BR, et al. Gait adaptations by patients who have a deficient anterior cruciate ligament. J Bone Joint Surg 1990; 72A: 871–877.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Timoney JM, Inman WS, Quesada PM, et al. Return of normal gait patterns after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Am J Sports Med 1993; 21 (6): 887–889.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Shelbourne KD, Johnson GE. Outpatient surgical management of arthrofibrosis after anterior cruciate ligament surgery. Am J Sports Med 1994; 22: 192–197.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Jackson DW, Schaefer RK. Cyclops syndrome: loss of extension following intra-articular anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Arthroscopy 1990; 6: 171–178.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Friedman MJ. Prosthetic anterior cruciate ligament. Clin Sports Med 1991; 10: 499–513.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. McCarthy DM. Prosthetic replacement for the anterior cruciate ligament. In: Jackson DW, Arnoczky SP, Woo SL, eds. The Anterior Cruciate Ligament: Current and Future Concepts. New York: Raven Press, 1993: 343.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Steadman JR, Seemann MD, Hutton KS. Revision ligament reconstruction of failed prosthetic anterior cruciate ligaments. Instr Course Lect 1995; 44: 417–429.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Gillquist J, Odensten M. Reconstruction of old anterior cruciate ligament tears with a Dacron prosthesis. A prospective study. Am J Sports Med 1993; 21: 358366.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Lopez-Vazquez E, Juan JA, Vila E, et al. Reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament with a Dacron prosthesis. J Bone Joint Surg 1991; 73A: 1294–1300.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Lukianov AV, Richmond JC, Barrett GR, et al. A multicenter study on the results of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using a Dacron ligament prosthesis in “salvage” cases. Am J Sports Med 1989; 17: 380–385.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Richmond JC, Manseau CJ, Patz R, et al. Anterior cruciate reconstruction using a Dacron ligament prosthesis. A long-term study. Am J Sports Med 1992; 20: 24–28.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Wilk RM, Richmond JC. Dacron ligament reconstruction for chronic anterior cruciate ligament insufficiency. Am J Sports Med 1993; 21: 374–379.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Paulos LE, Rosenberg TD, Grewe SR, et al. The Gore-Tex anterior cruciate ligament prosthesis. A long-term followup. Am J Sports Med 1992; 20: 246–252.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Denti M, Bigoni M, Dodaro G, et al. Long-term results of the Leeds-Keio anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 1995; 3: 75–77.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Fujikawa K, Iseki F, Seedhom BB. Arthroscopy after anterior cruciate reconstruction with the Leeds-Keio ligament. J Bone Joint Surg 1989; 71B: 566–570.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Fujikawa K, Iseki F. Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with the Leeds-Keio artificial ligament. Bull Hosp Jt Dis Orthop Inst 1991; 51: 140–154.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Schindhelm K, Rogers GJ, Milthorpe BK, et al. Auto-graft and Leeds-Keio reconstructions of the ovine anterior cruciate ligament. Clin Orthop 1991; 267: 278–293.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Strover AE, Firer P. The use of carbon fiber implants in anterior cruciate ligament surgery. Clin Orthop 1985; 196: 88–98.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Weiss AB, Blazina ME, Goldstein AR, et al. Ligament replacement with an absorbable copolymer carbon fiber scaffold-early clinical experience. Clin Orthop 1985; 196: 77–85.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Goodship AE, Wilcock SA, Shah JS. The development of tissue around various prosthetic implants used as replacements for ligaments and tendons. Clin Orthop 1985; 196: 61–68.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Howard CB, Tayton KJ, Gibbs A. The response of human tissues to carbon reinforced epoxy resin. J Bone Joint Surg 1985; 67B: 656–658.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Parsons JR, Bhayani S, Alexander H, et al. Carbon fiber debris within the synovial joint. A time-dependent mechanical and histologic study. Clin Orthop 1985; 196: 69–76.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Mendes DG, Soudry M, Angel D, et al. Carbon reconstruction in the anterior cruciate deficient knee. Orthopedics 1985; 8: 1244–1248.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Rushton N, Dandy DJ, Naylor CP. The clinical, arthroscopic and histological findings after replacement of the anterior cruciate ligament with carbon-fibre. J Bone Joint Surg 1983; 65B: 308–309.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Kennedy JC. Application of prosthetics to anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and repair. Clin Orthop 1983; 172: 125–128.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Fowler PJ, Capra SW Jr. Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with the Kennedy ligament augmentation device. In: Scott WN, ed. Ligament and Extensor Mechanism Injuries of the Knee: Diagnosis and Treatment St. Louis: Mosby Year Book, 1991: 301.

    Google Scholar 

  69. Roth JH, Kennedy JC, Lockstadt H, et al. Polypropylene braid augmented and nonaugmented intraarticular anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Am J Sports Med 1985; 13: 321–336.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Ritchie JR, Parker RD. Graft selection in anterior cruciate ligament revision surgery. Clin Orthop 1996; 325: 65–77.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Wirth CJ, Kohn D. Revision anterior cruciate ligament surgery: experience from Germany. Clin Orthop 1996; 325: 110–115.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Kartus J, Stener S, Lindahl S, et al. Ipsi-or contralateral patellar tendon graft in anterior cruciate ligament revision surgery. A comparison of two methods. Am J Sports Med 1998; 26: 499–504.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Uribe JW, Hechtman KS, Zvijac JE, et al. Revision anterior cruciate ligament surgery: experience from Miami. Clin Orthop 1996; 91–99.

    Google Scholar 

  74. Liu SH, Hang DW, Gentili A, et al. MRI and morphology of the insertion of the patellar tendon after graft harvesting. J Bone Joint Surg 1996; 78B: 823–826.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. LaPrade RF, Hamilton CD, Montgomery RD, et al. The reharvested central third of the patellar tendon. A histologic and biomechanical analysis. Am J Sports Med 1997; 25: 779–785.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Proctor CS, Jackson DW, Simon TM. Characterization of the repair tissue after removal of the central one-third of the patellar ligament. An experimental study in a goat model. J Bone Joint Surg 1997; 79A: 997–1006.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Manning JB, Meyers JF, Caspari RB, et al. Arthroscopic intraarticular reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament using lyophilized allograft ligament stabilizers. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 1989, Las Vegas.

    Google Scholar 

  78. Gibbons MJ, Butler DL, Grood ES, et al. Effects of gamma irradiation on the initial mechanical and material properties of goat bone-patellar tendon-bone allografts. J Orthop Res 1991; 9: 209–218.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Fideler BM, Vangsness CTJ, Moore T, et al. Effects of gamma irradiation on the human immunodeficiency virus. A study in frozen human bone-patellar ligament-bone grafts obtained from infected cadavera. J Bone Joint Surg 1994; 76A: 1032–1035.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Conway B, Tomford WW, Hirsch MS, et al. Effect of gamma irradiation on HIV-1 in a bone allograft model. Trans Orthop Res Soc 1990; 15: 225 (abst).

    Google Scholar 

  81. Rasmussen TJ, Feder SM, Butler DL, et al. The effects of 4 Mrad of gamma irradiation on the initial mechanical properties of bone-patellar tendon-bone grafts. Arthroscopy 1994; 10: 188–197.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Buck BE, Malinin TI, Brown MD. Bone transplantation and human immunodeficiency virus. An estimate of risk of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Clin Orthop 1989; 240: 129–136.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Miller MD. Revision cruciate ligament surgery with retention of femoral interference screws. Arthroscopy 1998; 14: 111–114.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Howell SM. Arthroscopic roofplasty: a method for correcting an extension deficit caused by roof impingement of an anterior cruciate ligament graft. Arthroscopy 1992; 8: 375–379.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Howell SM, Clark JA. Tibial tunnel placement in anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions and graft impingement. Clin Orthop 1992; 283: 187–195.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Howell SM, Berns GS, Farley TE. Unimpinged and impinged anterior cruciate ligament grafts: MR signal intensity measurements. Radiology 1991; 179: 639–643.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Howell SM, Clark JA, Farley TE. A rationale for predicting anterior cruciate graft impingement by the intercondylar roof. A magnetic resonance imaging study. Am J Sports Med 1991; 19: 276–282.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Howell SM, Clark JA, Blasier RD. Serial magnetic resonance imaging of hamstring anterior cruciate ligament autografts during the first year of implantation. A preliminary study. Am J Sports Med 1991; 19: 42–47.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Howell SM, Clark JA, Farley TE. Serial magnetic resonance study assessing the effects of impingement on the MR image of the patellar tendon graft. Arthroscopy 1992; 8: 350–358.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Howell SM, Taylor MA. Failure of reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament due to impingement by the intercondylar roof. J Bone Joint Surg 1993; 75A: 1044–1055.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Olson EJ, Fu FH, Harner CD, et al. Towards optimal tibial tunnel placement in endoscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 1993, San Francisco.

    Google Scholar 

  92. Johnson DL, Miller MD, Fu FH. The arthroscopic “impingement test” during anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Arthroscopy 1993; 9: 714–717.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Johnson DL, Swenson TM, Irrgang JJ, et al. Revision anterior cruciate ligament surgery: experience from Pittsburgh. Clin Orthop 1996; 325: 100–109.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Noyes FR, Barber-Westin SD, Roberts CS. Use of allografts after failed treatment of rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament [see comments]. J Bone Joint Surg 1994; 76A: 1019–1031.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Langan P, Fontanetta AP. Rupture of the patellar tendon after use of its central third. Orthop Rev 1987; 16: 317–321.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. McCarroll JR. Fracture of the patella during a golf swing following reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament. A case report. Am J Sports Med 1983; 11: 26–27.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Buss DD, Warren RF, Wickiewicz TL, et al. Arthroscopically assisted reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament with use of autogenous patellar-ligament grafts. Results after twenty-four to forty-two months. J Bone Joint Surg 1993; 75A: 1346–1355.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Lipscomb AB, Johnston RK, Snyder RB. The technique of cruciate ligament reconstruction. Am J Sports Med 1981; 9: 77–81.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Indelicato PA, Linton RC, Huegel M. The results of fresh-frozen patellar tendon allografts for chronic anterior cruciate ligament deficiency of the knee. Am J Sports Med 1992; 20: 118–121.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Lephart SM, Kocher MS, Harner CD, et al. Quadriceps strength and functional capacity after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Patellar tendon autograft versus allograft. Am J Sports Med 1993; 21: 738–743.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Rosenberg TD, Franklin JL, Baldwin GN, et al. Extensor mechanism function after patellar tendon graft harvest for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Am J Sports Med 1992; 20: 519–525.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Saddemi SR, Frogameni AD, Fenton PJ, et al. Comparison of perioperative morbidity of anterior cruciate ligament autografts versus allografts. Arthroscopy 1993; 9: 519–524.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Johnson DL, Harner CD, Maday MG, et al. Revision anterior cruciate ligament surgery. In: Fu FH, Harner CD, Vince KG eds. Knee Surgery. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1994; 889–892.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. Deryk G. Jones
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Mark Galland
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Freddie H. Fu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Tyson’s Professional Building, Washington Orthopaedic and Knee Clinic, Inc., 8206 Lessburg Pike, #201, 22182, Vienna, VA, USA

    M. Mike Malek M.D.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2001 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Jones, D.G., Galland, M., Fu, F.H. (2001). Complications and Pitfalls in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Revision Reconstruction. In: Malek, M.M. (eds) Knee Surgery. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-87202-0_14

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-87202-0_14

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-87204-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-87202-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation