Abstract
This condition has been called, among other names, “ulcerating granuloma of the pudenda”, “sclerosing granuloma” and “granulomatosis”. In Europe it was, perhaps, more generally known as “granuloma venereum”; but the name “granuloma inguinale” is preferable, because it has achieved almost universal recognition and helps to avoid confusion with the name “lymphogranuloma venereum”. Although granuloma inguinale is generally regarded as a venereal disease, some doubt remains as to its method of transmission, and this is a further reason for abandoning the alternative name.
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References
Dienst, R. B., C. H. Chen and R. B. Greenblatt: Granuloma inguinale. Urol, cutan. Rev. 53, 537 (1949).
Rajam, R. V., and P. N. Rangiah: Further observations on streptomycin therapy in venereal granuloma. Indian J. vener. Dis. 18, 1 (1952).
A. Incidence and geographical distribution
Barrow, J.: Granuloma inguinale in a Jamaican and his wife. Brit. J. vener. Dis. 34, 34 (1958).
Clarke, C. W.: Notes on the epidemiology of granuloma inguinale. J. vener. Dis. Inform. 28, 189 (1947).
Clearkin, P. A.: Granuloma inguinale. Brit. J. vener. Dis. 25, 1 (1949).
Fergusson, A. G., and G. B. S. Roberts: A case of granuloma inguinale in Scotland: Response to Aureomycin. Brit. med. J. 1, 1257 (1953).
Floch, H.: Sur le granulome ulcereux des organes génitaux en Guyane Française. Son traitement et son étiologie. Bull. Soc. Path. exot. Paris 45, 15 (1952).
Greenblatt, R. B.: Personal communication to J. Barrow 1956.
Grindon, J.: Granuloma inguinale tropicum: Report of three cases. J. cutan. Dis. 31, 236 (1913).
Knight, G. H., and W. Fowler: Granuloma inguinale (venereum). Brit. med. J. 2, 980 (1956).
Marmell, M., and E. Santora: Donovanosis-Granuloma inguinale. Amer. J. Syph. 34, 83 (1950).
Mcelligott, G. L. M.: Venereal diseases in the tropics. Brit. J. vener. Dis. 27, 122 (1951).
Mcelligott, G. L. M.: Personal communication, 1957.
Mcleod, K.: Precis of operations performed in the wards of the first surgeon, Medical College Hospital, during the year 1881. Indian med. Gaz. 17, 113 (1882).
Rajam, R. V., and P. N. Rangiah: Further observations on streptomycin therapy in venereal granuloma. Indian J. vener. Dis. 18, 1 (1952).
Rosenthal, T., and G. Kerchner: Venereal diseases in prostitutes. Amer. J. Syph. 32, 256 (1948).
Serma, J. S.: Granuloma venereum. A problem in Guntur. Indian J. Derm. Venereol. 23, 9 (1957).
Speiser, M. D.: Infectious lesions about the external genitals. Amer. J. Obstet. Gynec. 43, 681 (1942).
van Der Meulen, H.: Granuloma venereum (Donovanosis) in Java. Docum. Med. geogr. trop. (Amst.) 4, 13 (1952).
Watsford, S. D., and L. W. Alderman: Granuloma inguinale. Med. J. Aust. 2, 50 (1953).
C. The causative organism
Carter, B., C. P. Jones and W. L. Thomas: The attempted cultivation of Donovan bodies from granuloma inguinale. J. infect. Dis. 64, 314 (1939).
Clearkin, P. A.: Granuloma inguinale. Brit. J. vener. Dis. 25, 1 (1949).
Dienst, R. B., C. H. Ciien and R. B. Greenblatt: Granuloma inguinale. Urol. cutan. Rev. 53, 537 (1949).
Donovan, C.: Medical cases from Madras General Hospital. Indian med. Gaz. 40, 411 (1905).
Greenblatt, R. B., R. B. Dienst, E. R. Pund and R. Torpin: Experimental and clinical granuloma inguinale. J. Amer. med. Ass. 113, 1109 (1939).
Mortara, F., and R. B. Dienst: A new method for staining the Donovan bodies of granuloma inguinale. Amer. J. Syph. 87, 296 (1943).
I. Staining methods
Cannefax, G. R.: The technique of the tissue spread method for demonstrating Donovan bodies. J. vener Dis. Inform. 29, 201 (1948).
Dienst, R. B.: Laboratory diagnosis of granuloma inguinale and studies on the cultivation of the Donovan body. Amer. J. Syph. 32, 301 (1948).
Greenblatt, R. B., R. B. Dienst and R. M. West: A simple stain for Donovan bodies for the diagnosis of granuloma inguinale. Amer. J. Syph. 35, 291 (1951).
Margolis, G.: The diagnosis of granuloma venereum from frozen sections stained with polychrome methylene blue. Amer. J. Path. 21, 543 (1945).
Marmell, M., and E. Santora: Donovanosis Granuloma inguinale. Amer. J. Syph. 34, 83 (1950).
Mortara, F., and R. B. Dienst: A new method of staining the Donovan bodies of granuloma inguinale. Amer. J. Syph. 27, 296 (1943).
Packer, H., and A. D. Dulaney: Diagnostic tests in granuloma inguinale. Amer. J. Syph. 33, 68 (1949).
Polayes, S. H., and L. Williams: The diagnosis of granuloma inguinale made by examination of tissue stained with haematoxylin and eosin. Amer. J. Syph. 29, 425 (1945).
II. Culture
Anderson, K.: The cultivation from granuloma inguinale of a micro-organism having the characteristics of Donovan bodies in the yolk sac of chick embryos. Science 97, 560 (1943).
Anderson, K., W. A. Demonbreun and E. W. Goodpasture: (a) An experimental investigation of the etiology and immunology of granuloma inguinale. Amer. J. Syph. 29, 165 (1945).
Anderson, K., W. A. Demonbreun and E. W. Goodpasture : (b) An etiologic consideration of Donovania granulomatis cultivated from granuloma inguinale (3 cases) in embryonic yolk. J. exp. Med. 81, 25 (1945).
Beveridge, W. I. B.: The action of antimony and some other bacteriostatic substances on Donovania granulomatis isolated in the chick embryo. J. Immunol. 53, 215 (1946).
Dienst, R. B.: Laboratory diagnosis of granuloma inguinale and studies on the cultivation of the Donovan body. Amer. J. Syph. 32, 301 (1948).
Dienst, R. B., C. H. Chen and R. B. Greenblatt: Granuloma inguinale. Urol, cutan Rev. 53, 537 (1949).
Dienst, R. B., C. R. Reinstein, H. S. Kupperman and R. B. Greenblatt: Studies on the causal agent of granuloma inguinale. Amer. J. Syph. 31, 614 (1947).
Dunham, W., and G. Rake: Cultural and serologic studies on granuloma inguinale. Amer. J. Syph. 32, 145 (1948).
Goldberg, J., R. H. Weaver and H. Packer: Studies on granuloma inguinale. I. Bacteriologic behaviour of Donovania granulomatis. Amer. J. Syph. 37, 60 (1953).
Packer, H., and A. D. Dulaney: Diagnostic tests in granuloma inguinale. Amer. J. Syph. 33, 68 (1949).
III. Experimental infection
Dienst, R. B., C. R. Reinstein, H. S. Kupperman and R. B. Greenblatt: Studies on the causal agent of granuloma inguinale. Amer. J. Syph. 31, 614 (1947).
Dienst, R. B., C. H. Chen and R. B. Greenblatt: Experimental studies on the pathogenicity of Donovania granulomatis. Amer. J. Syph. 33, 152 (1949).
Dienst, R. B., R. B. Greenblatt and C. H. Chen: Experimental transfer of chemoresistant granuloma inguinale. Amer. J. Syph. 34, 189 (1950).
Greenblatt, R. B., R. B. Dienst, H. S. Kupperman and C. R. Reinstein: Granuloma inguinale: Streptomycin therapy and research. J. vener. Dis. Inform. 28, 183 (1947).
Greenbiatt, R. B., R. B. Dienst, E. R. Pund and R. Torpin: Experimental and clinical granuloma inguinale. J. Amer. med. Ass. 113, 1109 (1939).
Rajam, R. V., and P. N. Rangiah: A report on the experimental transmissibility of chemo- resistance in venereal granuloma. Indian J. vener. Dis. 18, 14 (1952).
D.Microscopic pathology
Beerman, H., and C. E. Sonck: The epithelial changes in granuloma inguinale. Amer. J. Syph. 30, 501 (1952).
Cowe, W. R. S.: Middle East granuloma. Is it granuloma venereum? Brit. J. vener. Dis. 21, 34 (1945).
Dienst, R. B., C. H. Chen and R. B. Greenblatt: Granuloma inguinale. Urol, cutan. Rev. 53, 537 (1949).
Greenblatt, R. B., R. B. Dienst, E. R. Pund and R. Torpin: Experimental and clinical granuloma inguinale. J. Amer. med. Ass. 113, 1109 (1939).
Kornblith, B. A.: An intradermal reaction as an aid in the diagnosis of granuloma inguinale. N. Y. St. J. Med. 44, 2476 (1944).
Lyford, J., R. W. Johnson, S. Blackman and R. B. Scott: Pathologic findings in a fatal case of disseminated granuloma inguinale with miliary bone and joint involvement. Bull. Johns Hopk. Hosp. 79, 349 (1946).
Palik, E., and J. R. Schenken: Disseminated granuloma venereum. Amer. J. clin. Path. 15, 419 (1945).
Pund, E. R., and R. B. Greenblatt: Specific histology of granuloma inguinale. Arch. Path. (Chicago) 23, 224 (1937).
Scott, R. B., J. Lyford and R. W. Johnson: Granuloma inguinale as a cause of arthritis and osteomyelitis. Bull. Johns Hopk. Hosp. 74, 213 (1944).
Tello, E. E., and J. A. Herrero: Granuloma venereo. Rev. argent. Dermatosif. 28, 79 (1944).
E.Clinical characteristics : I. Genital lesions
Brandt, R., and T. S. Gatewood: Early diagnosis of granuloma inguinale. Amer. J. Syph. 25, 48 (1941).
Clearkin, P. A.: Granuloma inguinale. Brit. J. vener. Dis. 25, 1 (1949).
D’Aunoy, R., andHaam, E. v.: The pathology of granuloma venereum. Amer. J. Path. 14, 39 (1938).
Dienst, R. B., C. H. Chen and R. B. Greenblatt: Granuloma inguinale. Urol, cutan. Rev. 53, 537 (1949).
Greenblatt, R. B.: Socioeconomic aspects of granuloma inguinale. J. vener. Dis. Inf. 28, 181 (1947).
Greenblatt, R. B., R. B. Dienst, E. R. Pund and R. Torpin: Experimental and clinical granuloma inguinale. J. Amer. med. Ass. 113, 1109 (1939).
Jannach, J. R.: Granuloma inguinale of the epididymis. Brit. J. vener. Dis. 34, 31 (1958).
Marmell, M., and E. Santora: Donovanosis — granuloma inguinale. Amer. J. Syph. 34, 83 (1950).
Marmell, M., R. Ultmann and S. Wein- traub: Donovanosis of the epididymis complicating tuberculous infection. J. Urol. (Baltimore) 70, 776 (1953).
Marshak, L. C., and J. Rodriquez: Granuloma inguinale. Treatment with streptomycin. J. Amer. med. Ass. 137, 1293 (1948).
Packer, H., and A. D. Dulaney: Diagnostic tests in the differential diagnosis of anogenital lesions. Amer. J. Syph. 31, 69 (1947).
Packer, H., and A. D. Dulaney: Diagnostic tests in granuloma inguinale. Amer. J. Syph. 33, 68 (1949).
Pund, E. R., G. B. Huie and V. A. Gotcher: Granuloma venereum of cervix uteri. Amer. J. Obstet. Gynec. 37, 477 (1939).
Rajam, R. V., and P. N. Rangiah: Further observations on streptomycin therapy in venereal granuloma. Indian J. vener. Dis. 18, 1 (1952).
Shrop- shear, G., and D. K. Hibbs: Genitoinfectious lesions in the male complicated by gonorrhoea. Amer. J. Syph. 25, 435 (1941).
Sobel, N., and N. Pensky: Bubonulus in granuloma inguinale. Arch. Derm. Syph. (Chicago) 48, 494 (1943).
Speiser, M. D.: Infectious lesions about the external genitals. Amer. J. Obstet. Gynec. 43, 681 (1942).
II. Extragenital lesions
Crane, W., and H. S. Kimball: Granuloma venereum involving the rectum and colon. Calif, west Med. 52, 177 (1940).
Eisenberg, A. A.: Extragenital granuloma inguinale. Amer. J. Syph. 32, 458 (1948).
Goldberg, L. C.: Treatment of granuloma inguinale with Anthiomaline. Amer. J. Syph. 29, 608 (1945).
Greenblatt, R. B., W. E. Barfield, R. B. Dienst and R. M. West: Terramycin in treatment of granuloma inguinale. J. vener. Dis. Inform. 32, 113 (1951).
Greenblatt, R. B., Torpin R, and E. R. Pund: Extragenital granuloma inguinale. Arch. Derm, and Syph. 38, 358 (1938).
Hanna, C. B., and H. R. Pratt-Thomas: Extragenital granuloma venereum. Sth. med. J. (Bgham, Ala.) 41, 776 (1948).
Weiner, A. L., I. E. Gaynon and M. S. Osherwitz: Granuloma inguinale of the eyelid. Amer. J. Ophthal. 26, 13 (1943).
III. Complications : 1.Metastasis
Krishnamurthi, M. V., C. Sobhanadri and C. N. Sowmini: Aureomycin in the treatment of granuloma inguinale. J. Indian med. Ass. 22, 402 (1953).
Lasche, E., and E. S. Mccabe: Granuloma inguinale associated with hepato-splenomegaly and diffuse pulmonary infiltration. Amer. J. dig. Dis. 19, 361 (1952).
Lipp, R. G., and D. E. Bibby: Genital, extragenital, and skeletal granuloma inguinale. West. J. Surg. 58, 173 (1950).
Lyford, J., R. W. Johnson, S. Blackman and R. B. Scott: Pathologic findings in a fatal case of disseminated granuloma inguinale with miliary bone and joint involvement. Bull. Johns Hopk. Hosp. 79, 349 (1946).
Lyford, J., R. B. Scott and R. W. Johnson: Polyarticular arthritis and osteomyelitis due to granuloma inguinale. Amer. J. Syph. 28, 588 (1944).
Packer, H., H. B. Turner and A. D. Dulaney: Granuloma inguinale of the vagina and cervix uteri with bone metastases. J. Amer. med. Ass. 136, 327 (1948).
Paggi, L. C., and E. Hull: Metastatic granuloma venereum: report of a case. Ann. intern. Med. 20, 686 (1944).
Palik, E., and J. R. Schenken: Disseminated granuloma venereum. Amer. J. clin. Path. 15, 419 (1945).
Pund, E. R., and G. E. Mcinnes: Granuloma venereum: a cause of death. Report of six fatal cases. Clinics 3, 221 (1944).
Rajam, R. V., P. N. Rangiah and V. C. Anguli: Systemic Donovaniasis. Brit. J. vener. Dis. 30, 73 (1954).
Rhinehart, W. J., and J. T. Bauer: Disseminated granuloma inguinale of bones. Amer. J. Roentgenol. 57, 562 (1947).
Scott, C. W., D. M. Harper, R. S. Jason and E. B. Helwig: Neonatal granuloma venereum. Amer. J. Dis. Child. 85, 308 (1953).
Scott, R. B., J. Lyford and R. W. Johnson: Granuloma inguinale as a cause of arthritis and osteomyelitis. Bull. Johns Hopk. Hosp. 74, 213 (1944).
Sheldon, W. H., B. R. Thebaut, A. Heyman and M. J. Wall: Osteomyelitis caused by granuloma inguinale. Report of a case with cultivation of the Donovan body in the yolk sac of the developing chick embryo. Amer. J. Med. Sci. 210, 237 (1945).
2.Carcinomatous change
Alexander, L. J., and T. L. Shields: Squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva secondary to granuloma inguinale. Arch. Derm. Syph. (Chicago) 67, 395 (1953).
Beerman, H., and C. E. Sonck: The epithelial changes in granuloma inguinale. Amer. J. Syph. 36, 501 (1952)
Cardwell, E. S., and E. R. Pund: Malignancies related to venereal disease. J. med. Ass. Ga 29, 60 (1940).
Clearkin, P. A.: Granuloma inguinale. Brit. J. vener. Dis. 25, 1 (1949).
Mackay, C. R., and W. L. Bunch: Carcinoma of vulva following granuloma inguinale. Amer. J. Syph. 36, 511 (1952).
Rajam, R. V., and P. N. Rangiah: Granuloma venereum and its relationship to epidermoid carcinoma. Indian J. vener. Dis. 19, 1 (1953).
3.Secondary infection
Clearkin, P. A.: Granuloma inguinale. Brit. J. vener. Dis. 25, 1 (1949).
Goldberg, L. C: Treatment of granuloma inguinale with Anthiomaline: Report of case with extra- genital lesion. Amer. J. Syph. 29, 608 (1945).
Greenblatt, R. B., R. B. Dienst, H. S. Kupperman and C. R. Reinstein: Granuloma inguinale: Streptomycin therapy and research. J. vener. Dis. Inform. 28, 183 (1947).
Shropshear, G., and D. K. Hibbs: Genitoinfectious lesions in the male complicated by gonorrhoea. Amer. J. Syph. 25, 435 (1941).
F. Diagnosis
Brandt, R., and T. S. Gatewood: Early diagnosis of granuloma inguinale. Amer. J. Syph. 25, 48 (1941).
Clearkin, P. A.: Granuloma inguinale. Brit. J. vener. Dis. 25, 1 (1949).
Haam, E. v.: Venereal and non-venereal granulomas of the vulva. J. Amer. med. Ass. 114, 291 (1940).
Kern, A. B.: Squamous cell carcinoma simulating granuloma inguinale. Arch. Derm. Syph. (Chicago) 62, 515 (1950).
Kern, A. B., J. J. Kaufman and F. C. Combes: Granular cell myoblastoma: Report of a case simulating granuloma inguinale. Arch. Derm. Syph. (Chicago) 62, 109 (1950).
Marmell, M., and E. Santora: Donovanosis— granuloma inguinale. Amer. J. Syph. 34, 83 (1950).
Speiser, M. D.: Infectious lesions about the external genitals: With special emphasis upon the diagnosis. Amer. J. Obstet. Gynec. 43, 681 (1942).
Speiser, M. D.: Four cases of granuloma inguinale of cervix diagnosed clinically as carcinoma. Amer. J. Obstet. Gynec. 56, 1181 (1948).
Turell, R.: Diseases of the colon and rectum. Amer. J. med. Sci. 202, 282 (1941).
I. Intradermal tests
Anderson, K., W. A. Demonbreun and E. W. Goodpasture: An experimental investigation of the etiology and immunology of granuloma inguinale. Amer. J. Syph. 29, 165 (1945).
Anderson, K., E. W. Goodpasture and W. A. Demonbreun: Immunologic relationship of Donovania granulomatis to granuloma inguinale. J. exp. Med. 81,41 (1945).
Chen, C. H., R. B. Dienst and R. B. Greenblatt: Skin reaction of patients to Donovania granulomatis. Amer. J. Syph. 33, 60 (1949).
Dienst, R. B., C. H. Chen and R. B. Greenblatt: Granuloma inguinale. Urol, cutan. Rev. 53, 537 (1949).
Dulaney, A. D., K. Guo and H. Packer: Donovania granulomatis: Cultivation, antigen preparation and immunological tests. J. Immunol. 59, 335 (1948).
Kornblith, B. A.: An intradermal reaction as an aid in the diagnosis of granuloma inguinale. N. Y. St. J. Med. 44, 2476 (1944).
II.Serological tests
Anderson, K., W. A. Demonbreun and E. W. Goodpasture: An experimental investigation of the etiology and immunology of granuloma inguinale. Amer. J. Syph. 29, 165 (1945).
Anderson, K., E. W. Goodpasture and W. A. Demonbreun: Immunologic relationship of Donovania granulomatis to granuloma inguinale. J. exp. Med. 81, 41 (1945).
Dulaney, A. D., and H. Packer: Complement fixation studies with pus antigen in granuloma inguinale. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N. Y.) 65, 254 (1947).
Dunham, W., and G. Rake: Cultural and serologic studies on granuloma inguinale. Amer. J. Syph. 32, 145 (1948).
Goldberg, J.: Studies on granuloma inguinale III. The antigenic heterogeneity of Donovania granulomatis. Amer. J. Syph. 38, 330 (1954).
Goldberg, J., R. H. Weaver, R. H. Packer and W. G. Simpson: Studies on granuloma inguinale. II. The complement fixation test in the diagnosis of granuloma inguinale. Amer. J. Syph. 37, 71 (1953).
Packer, H., and A. D. Dulaney: Diagnostic tests in granuloma inguinale. Amer. J. Syph. 33, 68 (1949).
Packer, H., and J. Goldberg: Studies of the antigenic relationship of D. granulomatis to members of the tribe Eschericheae. Amer. J. Syph. 34, 342 (1950).
Rake, G.: The antigenic relationships of Donovania granulomatis (Anderson) and the significance of this organism in granuloma inguinale. Amer. J. Syph. 32, 150 (1948).
G. Infeetivity and transmission
Butts, D. C. A., and S. Olansky: Observations on the cause and transmission of granuloma inguinale. Arch. Derm. Syph. (Chicago) 54, 524 (1946).
Clarke, C. W.: Notes on the epidemiology of granuloma inguinale. J. vener. Dis. Inform. 28, 189 (1947).
Greenblatt, R. B.: Socioeconomic aspects of granuloma inguinale. J. vener. Dis. Inform. 28, 181 (1947).
Torpin, R., E. S. Sanderson and R. Brandt: Contact ulcers in granuloma inguinale. Urol, cutan. Rev. 43, 617 (1939).
H. Treatment
Greenblatt, R. B.: Socioeconomic aspects of granuloma inguinale. J. vener. Dis. Inform. 28, 181 (1947).
I.Local treatment
Dienst, R. B., C. H. Chen and R. B. Greenblatt: Granuloma inguinale. Urol. cutan. Rev. 53, 537 (1949).
Marshak, L., R. L. Barton and T. J. Bauer: Granuloma inguinale: A review of the literature and a report of ninety-seven cases, with a note on streptomycin therapy. Arch. Derm. Syph. (Chicago) 57, 858 (1948).
Marshak, L. C., and J. Rodriquez: Granuloma inguinale: Treatment with streptomycin. J. Amer. med. Ass. 137, 1293 (1948).
Rake, G., and W. Dunham: Action of disinfectant, chemotherapeutic and antibiotic agents on the organism of granuloma inguinale. Amer. J. Symph. 31, 610 (1947).
Tomskey, C., G. W. Vickery and P. L. Getzoff: The successful treatment of granuloma inguinale, with special reference to the use of podophyllin. J. Urol. (Baltimore) 48, 401 (1942).
II. Systemic treatment : 1.Experimental work
Chen, C. H., R. B. Dienst and R. B. Greenblatt: Antibiotics versus Donovania granulomatis. Amer. J. Syph. 35, 383 (1951).
Rake, G., and W. Dunham: Action of disinfectant, chemotherapeutic and antibiotic agents on the organisms of granuloma inguinale. Amer. J. Syph. 31, 610 (1947).
2.Clinical trials
Aragao, H. B., and G. Vianna: Untersuchungen über das Granuloma venereum. Mem. Inst. Osw. Cruz. 5, 211 (1913).
As quoted by R. B. Dienst, C. H. Chen and R. B. Greenblatt, Granuloma inguinale. Urol, cutan. Rev. 53, 537 (1949).
Barton, R. L., R. M. Craig, G. X. Schwemlein and T. J. Bauer: Granuloma inguinale treated with streptomycin: Report of three cases. Arch. Derm. Syph. (Chicago) 50, 1 (1947.)
Beveridge, W. I. B.: The action of antimony and some other bacteriostatic substances on Donovania granulomatis isolated in the chick embryo. J. Immunol. 53, 215 (1946).
Clearkin, P. A.: Granuloma inguinale. Brit. J. vener. Dis. 25, 1 (1949).
Dienst, R. B., C. H. Chen and R. B. Greenblatt: Granuloma inguinale. Urol, cutan. Rev. 53, 537 (1949).
Greenblatt, R. B., A. V. Deibert, S. Fisher and W. J. Clough: Treatment of granuloma inguinale with Diramin: A new antimonial. J. vener. Dis. Inform. 26, 238 (1945).
Greenblatt, R. B., R. B. Dienst, H. S. Kupperman and C. R. Reinstein: Granuloma inguinale: Streptomycin therapy and research. J. vener. Dis. Inform. 28, 183 (1947).
Goldberg, L. C.: Treatment of granuloma inguinale with Anthiomaline. Report of case with extragenital lesion. Amer. J. Syph. 29, 608 (1945).
Marshak, L., R. L. Barton and T. J. Bauer: Granuloma inguinale: A review of the literature and a report of ninety-seven cases, with a note on streptomycin therapy. Arch. Derm. Syph. (Chicago) 57, 858 (1948).
Packer, H.,B. Turner and A. D. Dulaney: Granuloma inguinale of the vagina and cervix uteri with bone metastases. J. Amer. med. Ass. 136, 327 (1948).
Paggi, L. C., and E. Hull: Metastatic granuloma venereum: Report of a case. Ann. intern. Med. 20, 686 (1944).
Robinson, H. M., H. M. Robinson jr., H. S. Shelley and H. B. Mays: The treatment of granuloma inguinale. Sth. med. J. (Bgham, Ala.) 35, 889 (1942).
Shropshear, G., and D. K. Hibbs: Genitoinfectious lesions in the male complicated by gonorrhoea. Amer. J. Syph. 25, 435 (1941).
Turell, R.: Diseases of colon and rectum. Amer. J. med. Sei. 202, 282 (1941).
b) Sulphonamides
Clearkin, P. A.: Granuloma inguinale. Brit. J. vener. Dis. 25, 1 (1949).
Earle, K. V.: Sulphanilamide in the treatment of ulcerative granuloma. Trans, roy. Soc. trop. Med. Hyg. 34, 261 (1940).
Ross, A. O. F.: Granuloma venereum treated with M. and B. 693. Lancet I, 26 (1939).
c) Penicillin
Clearkin, P. A.: Granuloma inguinale. Brit. J. vener. Dis. 25, 1 (1949).
Goldberg, L. C.: Treatment of granuloma inguinale with Anthiomaline. Amer. J. Syph. 29, 608 (1945).
Greenblatt, R. B., A. V. Diebert, S. Fisher and W. J. Clough: Treatment of granuloma inguinale with Diramin: A new antimonial. J. vener. Dis. Inform. 26, 238 (1945).
Greenblatt, R. B., R. B. Dienst, H. S. Kupperman and C. R. Reinstein: Granuloma inguinale: Streptomycin therapy and research. J. vener. Dis. Inform. 28, 183 (1947).
Marshak, L. C., and J. Rodriquez: Granuloma inguinale: Treatment with streptomycin. J. Amer. med. Ass. 137, 1293 (1948).
Nelson, R. A.: Penicillin in the treatment of granuloma inguinale. Amer. J. Syph. 28, 611 (1944).
Turner, F. B.: A report of the treatment of seven cases of granuloma venereum with penicillin. Med. J. Aust. 2, 366 (1945).
d) Streptomycin
Barton, R. L., R. M. Craig, G. X. Schwemlein and T. J. Bauer: Granuloma inguinale treated with streptomycin: Report of three cases. Arch. Derm. Syph. (Chicago) 56,1 (1947).
Chen, C. H., R. B. Greenblatt and R. B. Dienst: Streptomycin in the therapy of granuloma inguinale: Report of 100 cases. J. med. Ass. Ga 37, 373 (1948).
Chen, C. H., R. B. Greenblatt and R. B. Dienst: Recent observations on granuloma inguinale, with report on streptomycin therapy. Arch. Derm. Syph. (Chicago) 53, 703 (1948).
Dienst, R. B., C. H. Chen and R. B. Greenblatt: Granuloma inguinale. Urol, cutan. Rev. 53, 537 (1949).
Dienst, R. B., R. B. Greenblatt and C. H. Chen: Experimental transfer of chemoresistant granuloma inguinale. Amer. J. Syph. 34, 189 (1950).
Freed, C. R., and F. M. Kern: Treatment of granuloma inguinale with streptomycin. Amer. J. Obstet. Gynec. 59, 195 (1950).
Greenblatt, R. B., W. E. Barfield, R. B. Dienst, R. M. West and M. Zises: A five-year study of antibiotics in the treatment of granuloma inguinale. Amer. J. Syph. 36, 186 (1952).
Greenblatt, R. B., R. B. Dienst, C. H. Chen and R. West: Oral Aureomycin in the therapy of streptomycin-resistant granuloma inguinale. Sth. med. J. (Bgham, Ala.) 41, 1121 (1948).
Greenblatt, R. B., R. B. Dienst, H. S. Kupperman and C. R. Reinstein: Granuloma inguinale: Streptomycin therapy and research. J. vener. Dis. Inform. 28, 183 (1947).
Greenblatt, R. B., H. S. Kupperman and R. B. Dienst: Streptomycin in the therapy of granuloma inguinale. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N. Y.) 64, 389 (1947).
Greenblatt, R. B., V. S. Wammock, C. H. Chen, R. B. Dienst and R. M. West: The newer antibiotics in the therapy of the venereal diseases other than syphilis. J. vener. Dis. Inform. 31, 45 (1950).
Greenblatt, R. B., V. S. Wammock, R. B. Dienst and R. M. West: Chloromycetin in the therapy of granuloma inguinale. Amer. J. Obstet. Gynec. 59, 1129 (1950).
Hirsh, H. L., and S. R. Taggart: The treatment of granuloma inguinale with streptomycin. Amer. J. Syph. 32, 159 (1948).
Höge, R. H, and A. M. Salzberg: Granuloma inguinale of the cervix uteri and vulva treated with streptomycin. Amer. J. Obstet. Gynec. 60, 911 (1950).
Jacoby, A., T. Rosenthal and N. Sobel: Ambulatory treatment of granuloma inguinale with streptomycin. Amer. J. Syph. 33, 76 (1949).
Kupperman, H. S., R. B. Greenblatt and R. B. Dienst: Streptomycin in the therapy of granuloma inguinale. J. Amer. med. Ass. 136, 84 (1948).
Marshak, L., R. L. Barton and T. J. Bauer: Granuloma inguinale: A review of the literature and a report of ninety-seven cases, with a note on streptomycin therapy. Arch. Derm. Syph. (Chicago) 57, 858 (1948).
Marshak, L. C., and J. Rodriquez: Granuloma inguinale: Treatment with streptomycin. J. Amer. med. Ass. 137, 1293 (1948).
Pariser, H., S. Z. Goldberg and G. H. Mitchell: Streptomycin treatment of granuloma inguinale. Arch. Derm. Syph. (Chicago) 62, 261 (1950).
Petitt, M. de W., and C. C. Thomas: Granuloma inguinale treated by vulvectomy and streptomycin. J. Amer. med. Worn. Ass. 5, 361 (1950).
Rajam, R. V., and P. N. Rangiah: Further observations on streptomycin therapy in venereal granuloma. Indian J. vener. Dis. 18, 1 (1952).
Robinson, R. C. V.: Newer antibiotics in the treatment of venereal diseases. Amer. J. Syph. 34, 273 (1950).
Samitz, M. H., P. N. Horvath, P. P. Mori and H. Beerman: Preliminary short reports: Streptomycin therapy of chronic granuloma inguinale. J. invest. Derm. 12, 85 (1949).
Sauer, G. C., A. P. Sackett and I. W. Kuhl: Streptomycin in the treatment of granuloma inguinale. W. Va med. J. 44, 218 (1948).
Stewart, J. J., and W. E. Laur: Streptomycin therapy of granuloma inguinale. Amer. J. Syph. 33, 65 (1949).
Thompson, R. G., C. B. White and H. Hailey: Granuloma inguinale: Report of three cases treated with massive doses of streptomycin. Sth. med. J. (Bgham, Ala.) 41, 994 (1948).
Zimmerman, R. J., and G. C. Smith: Granuloma inguinale: Report of 85 cases treated with streptomycin. J. S. C. med. Ass. 44, 267 (1948).
e) Chloramphenicol
Cantor, A. J.: Chloromycetin and Aureomycin in proctology. Amer. J. dig. Dis. 17, 340 (1950).
Dienst, R. B., C. H. Chen and R. B. Greenblatt: Granuloma inguinale. Urol, cutan. Rev. 53, 537 (1949).
Greenblatt, R. B., W. E. Barfield, R. B. Dienst, R. M. West and M. Zises: A five-year study of antibiotics in the treatment of granuloma inguinale. Amer. J. Syph. 36, 186 (1952).
Greenblatt, R. B., V. S. Wammock, R. B. Dienst and R. M. West: Chloromycetin in the therapy of granuloma inguinale. J. Med. Ass. Ga 38, 206 (1949).
Greenblatt, R. B., V. S. Wammock, R. B. Dienst and R. M. West: Chloromycetin in the therapy of granuloma inguinale. Amer. J. Obstet. Gynec. 59, 1129 (1950).
Harb, F. W., W. G. Simpson and C. E. Wood: Intramuscular injections of Chloromycetin in the treatment of granuloma inguinale. J. vener. Dis. Inform. 32,177 (1951).
Jones, R. W.: Diagnosis and treatment of granuloma inguinale. J. med. Ass. Ga 40, 33 (1951).
Landman, G. S., F. D. Hendricks, S. R. Taggart and A. B. Greaves: Treatment of granuloma inguinale with intramuscular chloramphenicol in ambulatory patients. Amer. J. Syph. 36, 515 (1952).
Nelson, M. G.: A case of granuloma inguinale successfully treated with Chloromycetin. Irish J. med. Sei., VI. s. No 327, 126 (1953).
Olansky, S., F. W. Harb, C. E. Wood and D. S. Rambo: Intramuscular Chloromycetin (chloramphenicol) in the treatment of venereal disease. Amer. J. Syph. 37, 253 (1953).
Rajam, R. V., and P. N. Rangiah: A short note on the therapy of venereal granuloma with Aureomycin and chloramphenicol. Indian J. vener. Dis. 18, 150 (1952).
Robinson, R. C. V.: Newer antibiotics in the treatment of venereal disease. Amer. J. Syph. 34, 273 (1950).
Robinson, R. C. V., and B. Cronk: Granuloma inguinale: Further observations of results of treatment with Aureomycin and chloramphenicol. Amer. J. Syph. 35, 378 (1951).
Robinson, R. C. V., and T. L. Wells: Intramuscular chloramphenicol in the treatment of gonorrhoea and granuloma inguinale. Amer. J. Syph. 36, 264 (1952).
f) Chlortetracycline
Dienst, R. B., C. H. Chen and R. B. Greenblatt: Granuloma inguinale. Urol, cutan. Rev. 53, 537 (1949).
Greenblatt, R. B., W. E. Barfield, R. B. Dienst, R. M. West and M. Zises: A five-year study of antibiotics in the treatment of granuloma inguinale. Amer. J. Syph. 36, 186 (1952).
Greenblatt, R. B., R. B. Dienst, C. Chen and R. West: Oral Aureomycin in the therapy of streptomycin-resistant granuloma inguinale. Sth. med. J. (Bgham, Ala.) 41, 1121 (1948).
Greenblatt, R. B., V. S. Wammock, R. B. Dienst and R. M. West: Chloromycetin in the therapy of granuloma inguinale. Amer. J. Obstet. Gynec. 59, 1129 (1950).
Greenblatt, R. B., V. S. Wammock, R. M. West, R. B. Dienst and C. H. Chen: Oral Aureomycin in the therapy of granuloma inguinale. Amer. J. Syph. 33, 593 (1949).
Hill, L. M., L. T. Wright, A. Prigot and M. A. Logan: Aureomycin in granuloma inguinale. J. Amer. med. Ass. 141, 1047 (1949).
Krishnamurthi, M. V., C. Sobhanadri and C. N. Sowmini: Aureomycin in the treatment of granuloma inguinale. J. Indian med. Ass. 22, 402 (1953).
Pariser, H, S. Z. Goldberg and G. H. Mitchell: Streptomycin treatment of granuloma inguinale. Arch. Derm. Syph. (Chicago) 62,261 (1950).
Rajam, R. V., and P. N. Rangiah: A short note on the therapy of venereal granuloma with Aureomycin and chloramphenicol. Indian J. vener. Dis. 18,150 (1952).
Robinson, R. C. V.: Newer antibiotics in the treatment of venereal disease. Amer. J. Syph. 34, 273 (1950).
Robinson, R. C. V., and B. Cronk: Granuloma inguinale: Further observations on results of treatment with Aureomycin and chloramphenicol. Amer. J. Syph. 35, 378 (1951).
Robinson, R. C. V., D. F. Elmendorf and H. E. C. Zheutlin: Aureomycin in the treatment of granuloma inguinale. Amer. J. Syph. 33, 389 (1949).
Wammock, V. S., R. B. Greenblatt, R. B. Dienst, C. Chen and R. M. West: Aureomycin in the treatment of granuloma inguinale and lymphogranuloma venereum. J. invest. Derm. 14, 427 (1950).
Wright, L. T., M. Sanders, M. A. Logan, A. Prigot and L. M. Hill: The treatment of lymphogranuloma venereum and granuloma inguinale in humans with Aureomycin. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sei. 51, 318 (1948).
Zises, M., and G. C. Smith: Granuloma inguinale and its treatment with oral Aureomycin. Arch. Derm. Syph. (Chicago) 62, 642 (1950).
g) Oxytetracycline
Dunlop, E. M. C., and R. C. V. Robinson: Intravenous Terramycin in the treatment of early syphilis and granuloma inguinale. Amer. J. Syph. 38, 24 (1954).
Gomila, F. R., and W. P. Gardiner: Intramuscular Oxytetracycline (Terramycin) in the treatment of chancroid, lymphogranuloma venereum and granuloma inguinale. Antibiot. Med. 3, 312 (1956).
Greenblatt, R. B., and W. E. Barfield: Newer methods in the diagnosis and treatment of granuloma inguinale. Brit. J. vener. Dis. 28, 123 (1952).
Greenblatt, R. B., W. E. Barfield, R. B. Dienst and R. M. West: Terramycin in treatment of granuloma inguinale. J. vener. Dis. Inform. 32, 113 (1951).
Greenblatt, R. B., W. E. Barfield, R. B. Dienst, R. M. West and M. Zises: A five-year study of antibiotics in the treatment of granuloma inguinale. Amer. J. Syph. 36, 186 (1952).
Hendricks, F. D., A. B. Greaves, S. Olansky, S. R. Taggart, C. N. Lewis, G. S. Landman, G. R. Macdonald and H. Welch: Terramycin in the treatment of venereal disease. J. Amer. med. Ass. 143, 4 (1950).
Niedelman, M. L., H. E. Pierce, L. D. Hoffstein and W. V. Matteucci: Terramycin in the treatment of chancroid, lymphogranuloma venereum and granuloma inguinale. Amer. J. Syph. 35, 482 (1951).
Schoch, A. G., and L. J. Alexander: Terramycin in the control of venereal diseases. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sei. 53, 459 (1950).
Whitaker, J. C., L. T. Wright, M. S. Beinfield, R. S. Wilkinson and M. Marmell: Oral Terramycin in granuloma inguinale. Antibiot. and Chemother. 1, 208 (1951).
Wright, L. T., A. Prigot, J. C. Dilorenzo, J. C. Whitaker and M. Marmell: Oral Terramycin in the rapid treatment of gonorrhoea and other venereal diseases. Amer. J. Syph. 35, 490 (1951).
h) Tyrothricin
Greenblatt, R. B., R. B. Dienst, H. S. Kupperman and C. R. Reinstein: Granuloma inguinale: Streptomycin therapy and research. J. vener. Dis. Inform. 28, 183 (1947).
i) Erythromycin
Alexander, L. J., and A. G. Schoch: Erythromycin in venereal diseases. Amer. J. Syph. 38, 107 (1954).
Cordice, J. W. V., M. Avecilla, M. Marmell, B. A. Shidlovsky and A. Prigot: Erythromycin: A preliminary report on its use in certain venereal diseases. Antibiot. Ann. 480 (1953/54).
Robinson, H. M., and M. M. Cohen: Treatment of granuloma inguinale with erythromycin. J. invest. Derm. 20, 407 (1953).
j) Carbomycin (Magnamycin)
Robinson, H. M., and M. M. Cohen: Magnamycin in the treatment of granuloma inguinale. J. invest. Derm. 22, 263 (1954).
Whitaker, J. C., A. Prigot, M. Marmell and E. G. Morgan: Magnamycin — a new antibiotic. Amer. J. Syph. 37, 466 (1953).
k) Tetracycline
Marmell, M., and A. Prigot: Tetracycline (Tetracyn) in the treatment of Donovanosis. Harlem Hosp. Bull. 8, 9 (1955).
Maynard, A. L. de, A. Prigot and M. Marmell: The effect of tetracycline hydrochloride in lymphogranuloma venereum and Donovanosis. Amer. J. Syph. 38, 606 (1954).
III. Surgical measures
Marshak, L. C., and J. Rodriquez: Granuloma inguinale: Treatment with streptomycin J. Amer. med. Ass. 137, 1293 (1948).
Petitt, M. de W., and C. C. Thomas: Granuloma inguinale treated by vulvectomy and streptomycin. J. Amer. med. Worn. Ass. 5, 361 (1950).
Robinson, H. M., H. M. Robinson jr., H. S. Shelley and H. B. Mays: The treatment of granuloma inguinale. Sth. med. J. (Bgham, Ala.) 35, 889 (1942).
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King, A.J. (1959). Granuloma inguinale. In: Inflammation II. Encyclopedia of Urology, vol 9 / 2. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-87084-2_5
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