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Prognose und Nachsorge mikrobiell verursachter Endokarditiden

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Zusammenfassung

Unbehandelt verläuft die mikrobiell verursachte Endokarditis letal, weil die zelluläre und humorale Infektabwehr regelmäßig versagt, Mikroorganismen nach deren Adhäsion an endokardständigen Thromben zu eliminieren. Die Prognose selbst der durch vergrünend wachsende Streptokokken verursachten, früher wegen des vergleichsweise günstigen Verlaufs als „lenta“ bezeichneten Endokarditis, war in der vorantibiotischen Ära praktisch infaust: Weniger als 1% der vor 1940 diagnostizierten Fälle heilten spontan (40), und selbst bei diesen wenigen Fällen ist aufgrund der damals verfügbaren diagnostischen Möglichkeiten mehr als zweifelhaft, ob tatsächlich eine Endokarditis vorgelegen hatte. Ein prognostisch entscheidender Therapieschritt gelang mit dem Einsatz von Penicillin. Im Oktober 1940 führte Henry Dawson in New York die erste, niedrig dosierte, parenterale Behandlung mit Penicillin bei einem Patienten mit Streptokokken-Endokarditis durch (10). Die Infektion und eine Reinfektion drei Jahre später konnten beherrscht werden. Bis 1947 berichteten sechs Autoren über 69 Patienten, die mit niedrigenTagesgesamtdosen von 0,06–0,34 Mio. Einheiten Penicillin über 10 bis 103 Tage behandelt worden waren. Von 50 (72,5%) dieser Patienten wurde eine Sanierung der Infektion berichtet (14).

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© 1994 Dr. Dietrich Steinkopff Verlag, GmbH & Co. KG, Darmstadt

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Horstkotte, D., Piper, C., Niehues, R. (1994). Prognose und Nachsorge mikrobiell verursachter Endokarditiden. In: Gahl, K. (eds) Infektiöse Endokarditis. Steinkopff, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-87079-8_15

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