Skip to main content

Asset Risk in a Liability Context: An Empirical Study for the Netherlands

  • Conference paper
Financial Modelling

Part of the book series: Contributions to Management Science ((MANAGEMENT SC.))

  • 145 Accesses

Abstract

We consider the position of an institutional investor, especially a pension fund. The investment process of a pension fund is a derived function: primarily it insures the pension rights of the (former) employees. Therefore the liabilities of the pension fund should guide the long term investment process. This implies that the analysis should not focus on absolute risk but on relative risk: to what degree does the value of the assets move in line with the value of the liabilities. Only the risks of the liabilities that cannot be matched by an appropriate asset mix are relevant. In short: when evaluating the financial position of a pension fund, one should concentrate on the value and the risks of the surplus, i. e. the value of the assets minus the value of the liabilities.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Body, Z., 1976, Common Stocks as a Hedge Against Inflation, The Journal of Finance 31 May, pp. 459–470

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boquist, J.A., G.A. Racette & G.G. Schlarbaum, 1975, Duration and Risk Assessment for Bonds and Common Stocks, The Journal of Finance Dec, vol. 30/5, pp. 1360–1365

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Casabona, P.A., F.J. Fabozzi & J.C. Francis, 1984, How to Apply Duration to Equity Analysis, The Journal of Portfolio Management Winter, pp. 52–58

    Google Scholar 

  • Chance, D.M., 1982, Interest Sensitivity and Dividend Yields, The Journal of Portfolio ManagementWinter, pp. 69–75

    Google Scholar 

  • Chance, D.M. & W.R. Lane, 1980, A Re-Examination of Interest Rate Sensitivity in the Common Stocks of Financial Institutions, Journal of Financial Research Spring, pp. 47–55

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooper, I., 1977, Asset Values, Interest Changes, and Duration, The Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis Dec, vol.12/5, pp. 701–723

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dobson, S.W., R.C. Sutch & D.E. Vanderford, 1976, An Evaluation of Alternative Empirical Models of the Term Structure of Interest Rates, The Journal of Finance Sept, vol.31/4, pp. 1035–1065

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Durand, D., 1957, Growth Stocks and the Petersburg Paradox, The Journal of Finance Sept., vol. 12, pp. 348–363

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Estep, T., M. Clayman, C. Johnson & K. McMahon, 1984, The Evolution of a New Approach to Investment Risk, Salomon Bros Inc., May

    Google Scholar 

  • Estep, T., N. Hanson & C. Johnson, 1983, Sources of Value and Risk in Common Stocks, The Journal of Portfolio Management Summer, pp.5–13

    Google Scholar 

  • Fama, E.F., 1975, Short-Term Interest Rates as Predictors of Inflation, The American Economic Review June, vol.65/3, pp. 269–282

    Google Scholar 

  • Fama, E.F., 1981, Stock returns, Real Activity, Inflation, and Money, The American Economic Review Sept., vol.71/4, pp. 545–565

    Google Scholar 

  • Fama, E.F. & M.R. Gibbons, 1984, A Comparison of Inflation Forecasts, Journal of Monetary Economics vol.13, pp. 327–348

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fama, E.F. & G.W. Schwert, 1977, Asset Returns and Inflation, Journal of Financial Economics Nov., vol.5, pp. 115–146

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Farrell, J.L., 1985, The Dividend Discount Model: A Primer, Financial Analysts Journal Nov/Dec, pp. 16–25

    Google Scholar 

  • Fisher, L., 1966, An Algorithm for Finding Exact Rates of Return, The Journal of Business Jan, pp. 111–118

    Google Scholar 

  • Fisher, L. & R.L. Weil, 1971, Coping with the Risk of Interest rate Fluctuations: Returns to Bondholders from Naive and Optimal Strategies, Journal of Business October, pp. 408–431

    Google Scholar 

  • French, K.R., R.S. Ruback & G.W. Schwert, 1983, Effects of Nominal Contracting on Stock Returns, Journal of Political Economy 91/1, pp. 70–96

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Geske, R. & R. Roll, 1983, The Fiscal and Monetary Linkage between Stock Returns and Inflation, The Journal of Finance March, vol.38, pp. 1–33

    Google Scholar 

  • Gordon, M.J. & E. Shapiro, 1956, Capital Equipment Analysis: The Required Rate of Profit, Management Science 3 Oct., pp. 102–110

    Google Scholar 

  • Gultekin, N.B., 1983, Stock Market Returns and Inflation Forecasts, The Journal of Finance June, vol.38/3, pp. 663–673

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haugen, R.A. & D.W. Wichern, 1974, The Elasticity of Financial Assets, The Journal of Finance Sept., vol.3/4, pp. 1229–1240

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haugen, R.A., A.L. Stroyny & D.W. Wichern, 1978, Rate Regulation, Capital Structure, and the Sharing of Interest Rate Risk in the Electric Utility Industry, The Journal of Finance June, vol.33/3, pp. 707–721

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haugen, R.A., 1990, Modern Investment Theory, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hicks, J.R., 1939, Value and Capital, Clarendon Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Hopewell, M.H. & G.G. Kaufman, 1973, Bond Price Volatility and Term to Maturity: A Generalized Respecification, The American Economic Review Sept, vol.63/4, pp. 749–753

    Google Scholar 

  • Jaffe, J.F. & G. Mandelker, 1976, The ‘Fisher Effect’ for Risky Assets: An Empirical Investigation, The Journal of Finance 31 May, pp. 447 – 458

    Google Scholar 

  • Jahnke, W.W., 1975, What’s Behind Stock Prices?, Financial Analysts Journal Sept/Oct, pp. 69–76

    Google Scholar 

  • Joehnk, M.D. & J.W. Petty, 1980, The Interest Sensitivity of Common Stock Prices, The Journal of Portfolio Management Winter, pp. 19–25

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaul, G., 1990, Monetary Regimes and the Relation between Stock Returns and Inflationary Expectations, The Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 25/3 September, pp. 307–321

    Google Scholar 

  • Lanstein, R. & W.F. Sharpe, 1978, Duration and Security Risk, The Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis Nov., vol. 13/4, pp. 653–668

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leibowitz, M.L., 1986, Total Portfolio Duration: A New Perspective on Asset Allocation, Financial Analysts Journal Sept/Oct, pp. 18–29, 77

    Google Scholar 

  • Leibowitz, M.L., E.H. Sorensen, R.D. Arnott & H.N. Hanson, 1989, A Total Differential Approach to Equity Duration, Financial Analysts Journal Sept/Oct, pp. 30–37

    Google Scholar 

  • Lintner, J., 1975, Inflation and Security Returns, The Journal of Finance May, vol.30/2, pp. 259–280

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Macaulay, F., 1938, Some Theoretical Problems Suggested by the Movement of Interest Rates, Bond Yields, and Stock Prices in the U.S. Since 1856, National Bureau of Economic Research, New York N.Y.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maddala, G.S., 1977, Econometrics, McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Makeham, W.M., 1869, On the Theory of Annuities Certain, Journal of the Institute of Actuaries, and Insurance Magazine 14, pp. 189–199

    Google Scholar 

  • Nelson, C.R., 1976, Inflation and Rates of Return on Common Stocks, The Journal of Finance May, vol. 31/2, pp. 471–483

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pindyck, R.S., 1984, Risk, Inflation, and the Stock Market, The American Economic Review June, vol.74/3, pp. 335–349

    Google Scholar 

  • Roll, R. & S.A. Ross, 1984, The Arbitrage Pricing Theory Approach to Strategic Portfolio Planning, Financial Analysts Journal, May-June, pp. 14–26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenberg, B., 1988, Choosing a Multiple Factor Model, Investment Management Review, Spring, pp. 55–67.

    Google Scholar 

  • Samuelson, P., 1945, The Effect of Interest Rate Increases on the Banking System, American Economic Review 55, pp. 16–27

    Google Scholar 

  • Stone, B.K., 1976, Systematic Interest Rate Risk in a Two-Index Model of Returns, The Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis Nov, vol. 12/4, pp. 709–721

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Aalst, P.C. van & C.G.E. Boender, 1993, Asset Liability Matching for Pension Funds: A One-Period Model, this volume

    Google Scholar 

  • Vasicek, O.A. & H.G. Fong, 1982, Term structure Modelling Using Exponential Splines, The Journal of Finance May, vol.37/2, pp. 339–348

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weil, R.L., 1973, Macaulay’s Duration: An Appreciation, The Journal of Business Oct, pp. 589–592

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, J.B., 1938, The Theory of Investment Value, Harvard University Press, Cambridge Mass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, A.O. & P.E. Pfeifer, 1982, Estimating Security Price Risk Using Duration and Price Elasticity, The Journal of Finance May, vol. 37/2, pp. 399–411

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1994 Physica-Verlag Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

van Aalst, P.C., Hallerbach, W.G., van der Velden, M.E.T.A., van der Voort, E.A.C. (1994). Asset Risk in a Liability Context: An Empirical Study for the Netherlands. In: Peccati, L., Virén, M. (eds) Financial Modelling. Contributions to Management Science. Physica-Verlag HD. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-86706-4_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-86706-4_5

  • Publisher Name: Physica-Verlag HD

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-7908-0765-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-86706-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics