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Zusammenfassung

Belastungsuntersuchungen spielen eine entscheidende Rolle bei der Diagnose einer koronaren Herzkrankheit. Die Streßechokardiographie stellt die natürliche Verschmelzung aus einem kardiovaskulärem Belastungstest und der bildlichen Darstellung der resultierenden Ischämiereaktion mittels Echokardiographie dar. Die dieser Verbindung zugrundeliegende Basis ist die Beobachtung, daß Regionen des Herzmuskels, die ischämisch werden, eine Wandbewegungstörung entwickeln. Bereits 1935 zeigten Tennant und Wiggers (31), daß dem Verschluß einer Koronararterie fast sofort eine Wandbewegungsstörung folgt. Die als Folge der Ischämie auftretende Wandbewegungsstörung ist noch vor dem Eintreten von Angina oder elektrokardiographischen Veränderungen erkennbar. Dieser Ablauf ist als Ischämiekaskade beschrieben worden. Eine Ischämie kann jedoch nicht nur durch Verminderung der Blut- und Sauerstoffzufuhr, sondern auch durch Erhöhung des Sauerstoffbedarfs provoziert werden. Entscheidend ist das Erzeugen eines Mißverhältnisses zwischen Angebot und Bedarf. Eine Verminderung der Zufuhr kann durch pharmakologisch verursachte Perfusionsumverteilung zugunsten anderer Koronarterritorien bewirkt werden (Steal-Effekt, Wirkungsmechanismus von Dipyridamol und Adenosin). Eine Erhöhung des Sauerstoffbedarfs ist durch physikalische Belastung (Fahrrad- oder Laufbandergometrie), pharmakologische Belastung (Dobutamin, Arbutamin) oder durch Erhöhung der Herzfrequenz mittels Vorhofstimulation erreichbar.

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© 1998 Dr. Dietrich Steinkopff Verlag, GmbH & Co. KG, Darmstadt

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Hoffmann, R. (1998). Methodik der Streßechokardiographie. In: Gehring, J., von Bibra, H. (eds) Echokardiographische Diagnostik bei koronarer Herzkrankheit. Steinkopff. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-86473-5_10

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-86473-5_10

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