Abstract
The presence of bacteria in decayed wood has been recognized for a long time, but it has been only during the past few years that special investigations on their ability to degrade the woody cell wall have been carried out. A large number of bacteria have been observed, but so far few results are available on their physiology and their enzymatic activity. Compared with wood-destroying fungi, the bacteria found in lignified tissues generally have a lower lytic activity; cell wall deterioration is consequently a prolonged process. This has the advantage that the time of observation for the different stages of decay is extended, but the disadvantage that often mixed infections occur, sometimes including fungal attack, so that an accurate interpretation becomes rather difficult.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Bibliography
ADOLF, P., E. GERSTETTER, and W. LIESE. 1972. Untersuchungen über einige Eigenschaften von Fichtenholz nach dreijähriger Wasserlagerung. Holzforschung 26, 19–25.
BASHAM, J.T. and L.D. TAYLOR. 1965. The occurrence of fungi and bacteria in normal and discoloured heartwood on second growth sugar maple in Ontario. Plant Dis. Rep. 49, 771–774.
BAUCH, J. and H. BERNDT. 1973. Variability of the chemical composition of pit membranes in bordered pits of gymnosperms. Wood Sci. Techn. 7, 6–19.
BAUCH, J., W. LIESE and H. BERNDT. 1970. Biological investigations for the improvement of the permeability of softwoods. Holzforschung 24, 199–205.
BAUCH, J. W. LIESE and F; SCHOLZ. 1968. Uber die Entwicklung und stoffliche Zusammensetzung der Hoftüpfelmembranen von Längstracheiden in Coniferen. Holzforschung 22, 144–153.
BERNDT, H. and W. LIESE. 1973. Untersuchungen über das Vorkommen von Bakterien in wassergelagerten Buchenholzstämmen. Zbl. Bakt. Abt. 128, 578–594.
BOUTELJE, J.B. and A.F. BRAVERY. 1968. Observations on the bacterial attack of piles supporting a Stockholm building. J. Inst. Wood Sci. 4, 47–57.
BOUTELJE, J.B. and H. KIESSLING. 1964. On water-stored oak timber and its decay by fungi and bacteria. Arch. Mikrobiol. 49, 305–314.
CAMPBELL, W.A. and R.W. DAVIDSON. 1941. Red heart of paper birch. J. For. 39, 63–65.
CARTER, J. C. 1945. Wetwood of elms. Bull. III. Nat. Hist. Surv. 23, 407–448.
CLAUSEN, J.H. and F.H. KAUFERT. 1952. Occurrence and probable cause of heartwood degradation in commercial species of Populus. J. For. Prod. Res. Soc. 2, 62–67.
COURTOIS, H. 1966. Über den Zellwandabbau durch Bakterien im Nadelholz. Holzforschung 20, 148–154
DOWSON, W.J. 1937. Bacterium salicis. The cause of watermark disease in the cricket bat willow. Ann. Appl. Biol. 24, 528–544.
DUNLEAVY, J.A. and W.M. FOGARTY. 1971. The preservation of spruce poles using a biological pretreatment. Rec. Ann. Conv. B.W.P.A., 5–58.
DUNLEAVY, J.A. and J.A. McQUIRE. 1970. The effect of water storage on the cell structure of sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) with reference to its permeability and preservation. J. Inst. Wood Sci 5, 20–28.
ELLWOOD, E.L. and E.A. ECKLUND. 1959. Bacterial attack of pine logs in pond storage. For. Prod. J. 9, 283–292.
GREAVES,H. 1965. The effect of bacterial action on some wood cubes in shake culture. Proc. Symp. Wood and Organisms, Berlin 1965, 61–67.
GREAVES,H. 1968. The occurrence of bacterial decay in copper-chromearsenic treated wood. Appl. Microbiol. 16, 1599–1601.
GREAVES,H. 1969. Micromorphology of the bacterial attack of wood. Wood Sci. Tech. 3, 150–166.
GREAVES, H. 1970. The effect of some wood-inhabiting bacteria on the permeability characteristics and microscopic features of Eucalyptus regnans and Pinus radiata sapwood and heartwood. Holzforschung 24, 6–14.
GREAVES, H. 1971a. The bacterial factor in wood decay. Wood Sci.Tech. 5, 6–16.
GREAVES, H. 1971b. Biodeterioration of tropical hardwood chips in outdoor storage. Tappi 54, 1128–1133.
GREAVES, H. 1973a. Wood-inhabiting bacteria and their effect on strength properties of Eucalyptus regnans F. Muell and Pinus radiata D. Don. Holzforschung 21, 20–26.
GREAVES, H. 1973b. Outdoor storage of tropical hardwood chips. III. Microbial ecology of chip piles after 2 and 4 months storage. Appita 27, 25–40.
GREAVES, H. and R.C.FOSTER. 1970. The fine structure of bacterial attack of wood. J. Inst. Wood Sci. 5, 18–27.
GREAVES, H. and J.F. LEVY. 1965. Comparative degradation of the sapwood of Scots pine, beech and birch by Lenzites trabea, Polystictus versicolor, Chaetomium globosum and Bacillus polymyxa. J. Inst. Wood Sci. No. 15, 55–63.
GREAVES, H. and J.F. LEVY. 1968. Microbial associations in the deterioration of wood under longterm exposure. In: Walters, A.H. and J.S. Elphick (Eds.). Biodeterioration of Materials. Microbiological and Allied Aspects. Elsevier Publ. Co. Ltd., London.
HARMSEN, L. and T.V. NISSEN. 1965. Der Bakterienangriff auf Holz. Holz Roh-u. Werkstoff 23, 389–393.
HARTLEY, C. and R.S. DAVIDSON. 1950. Wetwood in living trees. Phytopath. 40, 871
HARTLEY, C.,R. S. DAVIDSON and B. S. Crandall. 1961. Wetwood bacteria and increased pH in trees. U.S. For. Prod. Lab. Rep. No. 2215.
HIGHLEY, T.L. and J.F. LUTZ. 1970. Bacterial attack in water-stored bolts. For. Prod. J. 20, 43–49.
KARNOP, G. 1967. Der Befall von wassergelagertem Nadelholz durch Bakterien mit besonderer Berücksichtigung des anaeroben Cellulose-Abbaus durch Bacillus omelianskii. Ph. D. Thesis, Univ. Hamburg, pp. 110.
KNUTH, D.T. 1964. Bacteria associated with wood products and their effects on certain chemical and physical properties of wood. Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. Wisconsin, Madison, pp. 186.
KNUTH, D. T. and E. McCOY. 1962. Bacterial deterioration of pine logs in pond storage. For. Prod. J. 12, 431–442.
LIESE, J. 1950. Zerstörung des Holzes durch Pilze und Bakterien. In: Mahlke-Troschel, Handbuch der Holzkonservierung. SpringerVerl. Berlin.
LIESE, W. 1955. On the decomposition of the cell wall by microorganisms. Rec. Ann. Conv. B.W.P.A., 159–160.
LIESE, W. 1970a. Ultrastructural aspects of woody tissue disintegration. Ann. Rev. Phytopath. 8, 231–253.
LIESE, W. 1970b. The action of fungi and bacteria during wood deterioration. Rec. Ann. Conv. B.W.P.A., 81–94.
LIESE, W. and G. KARNOP. 1968. Uber den Befall von Nadelholz durch Bakterien. Holz Roh-u. Werkstoff 26, 202–208.
LINDEIGER, E.J. 1933. Bacterial disease of the willow. Phytopath. Z. 6, 371–374.
LUTZ, J.F., C. G DUNCAN and T. C. SCHEFFER. 1966. Some effects of bacterial action on rotary-cut southern pine veneer. For. Prod. J. 16, 23–28.
McCREARY, M. B. COSENZA and A. L. SHIGO. 1965. Bacteria isolated from decays and discolourations in northern hardwoods. Phytopath. 51, 129–130.
MOLTESEN, P., E. BORSHOLT and L. BANG. 1972. Forsog med impraegnering of sprinkler-og vandlagrede granmaster. Dansk Skovforenings Tidskrift 57, 279–303.
NICHOLAS, D.D. and R.J. THOMAS. 1968. The influence of enzymes on the structure and permeability of loblolly pine. American Wood Pres. Assoc. 64, 70–76.
SAVORY, J.G. 1954. Damage to wood caused by microorganisms. J. Appl. Bact. 17, 213–218.
SHIGO, A. L. 1965. Organisms interaction in decay and discolouration in Beech, Birch, and Maple. U.S. For. Serv. Res. Pap. No. NE-43.
SHIGO, A. L. 1967. Successions of organisms in discolouration and decay of wood. Internat. Rev. For. Res. 2, 231–299.
SUOLAHTI, O. and A. WALLEN. 1958. Der Einfluß der Naßlagerung auf das Wasseraufnahmevermögen des Kiefernsplintholzes. Holz Roh-u. Werkstoff 16, 8–17
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1975 Springer-Verlag, Berlin/Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Liese, W., Greaves, H. (1975). Micromorphological of Bacterial Attack. In: Liese, W. (eds) Biological Transformation of Wood by Microorganisms. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-85778-2_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-85778-2_7
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-07368-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-85778-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive