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Protozoen als Krankheitserreger

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Part of the book series: Handbuch der Allgemeinen Pathologie ((1716,volume 11 / 2))

Zusammenfassung

Protozoen oder tierische Einzeller sind als Parasiten beim Menschen und bei Wirbeltieren weit verbreitet. Als Endoparasiten siedeln sie sich im Verdauungskanal, im Gewebe verschiedener Organe, im Blut und in anderen Körperflüssigkeiten an und wirken durch ihre Lebenstätigkeit in unterschiedlicher Weise auf ihre Wirte ein. Die große Mehrzahl der parasitischen Protozoen ist nicht pathogen. Diese Protozoen leben als Commensalen auf Kosten des Wirtes und von dessen Körpersubstanz, ohne ihm Schaden zuzufügen oder sein Gedeihen zu beeinträchtigen. Nur ein kleiner Teil der Protozoen, die Mensch und Tier befallen, ist obligat oder fakultativ pathogen, schädigt den Wirt und verursacht Krankheiten, die einerseits vom Verhalten der Parasiten, andererseits von der Reaktionsweise des Wirtsorganismus bestimmt werden. Die Betrachtung pathogenetischer Zusammenhänge vom Standpunkt der allgemeinen Pathologie muß deshalb von den Wechselbeziehungen zwischen Parasit und Wirt ausgehen. Die biologischen Grundlagen der parasitären Entwicklung, der morphologische Aufbau und die biochemische Struktur, Nahrungsbedarf und Stoffwechsel, Entwicklung und Fortpflanzung der Parasiten müssen in ihrer Abhängigkeit vom Wirtsorganismus erfaßt und unter dem Gesichtswinkel der Auseinandersetzung und gegenseitigen Anpassung, der Aggression und Abwehr in den Beziehungen zwischen Parasit und Wirt betrachtet werden. Es ist deshalb notwendig, die Darstellung nicht ausschließlich auf menschenpathogene Protozoen zu beschränken, sondern auch auf parasitische Protozoen der Tiere auszudehnen, soweit sie für die menschliche Pathologie von Belang sind oder als Objekte experimenteller Forschung dienen. Dies ist um so notwendiger, als die meisten pathogenen Protozoen ein breites Infektionsspektrum haben und viele Protozoenarten nicht nur unmittelbar von Mensch zu Mensch übertragen werden, sondern vom Tier auf den Menschen gelangen. Ebenso unvermeidlich ist es, die apathogenen Protozoen in die Betrachtung einzuschließen oder sie zum Vergleich heranzuziehen. Die Darstellung bedarf andererseits einer Begrenzung in bezug auf die Behandlung spezieller parasitologischer Fragen, die in das Gebiet der Protozoenkunde gehören.

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R.-E. Bader O. Klamerth E. G. Nauck G. Piekarski G. Poetschke S. Scheidegger H. Vogel F. Roulet

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© 1965 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Nauck, E.G. (1965). Protozoen als Krankheitserreger. In: Bader, RE., et al. Belebte Umweltfaktoren. Handbuch der Allgemeinen Pathologie, vol 11 / 2. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-85739-3_2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-85739-3_2

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