Abstract
There exist two types of voltage gated Ca channels in cardiac cells [1–3]. The literature describing the biophysics and physiology of these channels, the L type Ca channel (iCaL) and the T type Ca channel (iCat), is vast. It is not the intent of this chapter to review this exhaustive literature; however, initially we describe some of the physiological and biophysical facts essential for the study of channel pharmacology. On the other hand, the literature describing the pharmacology of these two cardiac Ca channels is limited, particularly in reference to the pharmacology of the T type channel. Therefore, the emphasis here is to discuss the known pharmacology of both channels with particular attention to the T type Ca channel.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Bean BP (1985) Two kinds of calcium channels in canine atrial cells: differences in kinetics, selectivity, and pharmacology. J Gen Physiol 86: 1–30
Pelzer D, Pelzer S, McDonald TF (1990) Properties and regulation of calcium channels in muscle cells. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 114: 107–206
Tsien RW, Hess P, Nilius B (1987) Cardiac calcium channels at the level of single channels. Experimentia 43: 1169–1172
Tseng G-N, Boyden PA (1989) Multiple types of Ca currents in single canine Purkinje myocytes. Circ Res 65: 1735–1750
Hirano Y, Fozzard HA, January CT (1989) Characteristics of L- and T-type Ca2+ currents in canine cardiac Purkinje cells. J Physiol 256:H1478–H1492
Balke CW, Rose WC, Marban E, Wier WG (1992) Macroscopic and unitary properties of physilogical ion flux through T type Ca channels in guinea pig heart cells. J Physiol (Lond) 456: 247–265
Rose WC, Balke CW, Wier WG, Marban E (1992) Macroscopic and unitary properties of physiological ion flux through L type Ca channels in guinea pig heart cells. J Physiol (Lond) 456: 267–284
Hagiwara N, Irisawa H, Kameyama M (1988) Contribution of two types of calcium currents to the pacemaker potentials of rabbit sino-atrial node cells. J Physiol (Lond) 395: 233–253
Boyden PA, Pinto JMB (1994) Reduced calcium currents in subendocardial Purkinje myocytes that survive in the 24 and 48 hour infarcted heart. Circulation
Nuss HB, Houser SR (1993) T type Ca current is expressed in hypertrophied adult feline left ventricular myocytes. Circ Res 73: 777–782
Cohen CJ, Spires S, VanSkiver D (1992) Block of T type Ca channels in guinea pig atrial cells by antiarrhythmic agents and Ca channel antagonists. J Gen Physiol 100: 703–728
Kameyama M, Hofmann F, Trautwein W (1985) On the mechanism of beta-adrenergic regulation of the Ca channel in the guinea pig heart. Pflugers Arch 405: 285–293
Trautwein W, Hescheler J (1990) Regulation of the L type calcium current by phosphorylation and G proteins. Annu Rev Physiol 52: 257–274
Klockner U, Itagaki K, Bodi I, Schwartz A (1992) Beta subunit expression is required for cAMP dependent increase of cloned cardiac and vascular calcium channel currents. Pflugers Arch 420: 413–415
Yatani A, Codina J, Imoto Y, Reeves JP, Birnbaumer L, Brown A (1987) A G protein directly regulates mammalian cardiac calcium channels. Science 238: 1288–1292
Tseng G-N, Boyden PA (1991) Different effects of intracellular Ca and a phorbol ester on the T and L types Ca currents in ventricular and Purkinje cells. Am J Physiol 261: H364–H379
Bates SE, Gurney Am (1993) Ca-dependent block and potentiation of L type calcium current in guinea pig ventricular myocytes. J Physiol (Lond) 466: 345–365
Tytgat J, Nilius B, Vereecke J, Carmeliet E (1988) The T type Ca channel in guinea pig ventricular myocytes is insensitive to isoproterenol. Pflugers Arch 411: 704–706
Mitra R, Morad M (1986) Two types of calcium channels in guinea pig ventricular myocytes. PNAS 83: 5340–5344
Follmer CH, Aomine M, Yeh JZ, Singer DH (1987) Amiodarone induced block of sodium current in isolated cardiac cells. Pharmacol Exp Ther 243: 187–194
Nishimura M, Follmer CH, Singer DH (1989) Amiodarone blocks calcium current in single guinea pig ventricular myocytes. Pharmacol Exp Ther 251: 650–659
Nattel S, Talajic M, Quantz M, DeRoode M (1987) Frequency dependent effects of amiodarone on atrioventricular nodal function and slow channel action potentials: evidence for calcium channel blocking activity. Circulation 76: 442–449
Goupil N, Lenfant J (1976) The effects of amiodarone on the sinus node activity of the rabbit heart. Eur J Pharmacol 39: 23–31
Yabek SM, Kato R, Singh BN (1985) Acute effects of amiodarone on the electrophysiologic properties of isolated neonatal and adult Purkinje fibers. Am Coll Cardiol 5: 1109–1115
Mason JW. Amiodarone (1987) N Engl J Med 316: 455–466
Catterall WA, Striessnig J (1992) Receptor sites for Ca channel antagonists. Trends Pharmacol Sci 13: 256–262
Striessnig J, Glossmann H, Catterall W (1990) Identification of a phenylalkyamine binding region within the alphal subunit of skeletal muscle Ca channels. PNAS 87: 9108–9112
Naito K, McKenna E, Schwartz A, Vaghy PL (1989) J Biol Chem 264: 21211–21214
Strissnig J, Scheffauer F, Mitterdorfer J, Schirmer M, Glossman H (1990) J Biol Chem 265: 363–370
Kass RS, Arena JP, Chin S (1991) Block of L type calcium channels by charged dihydropyridines. Sensitivity to side of application and calcium. J Gen Physiol 98: 63–75
Striessnig J, Murphy BJ, Catterall WA (1991) Dihydropyridine receptor of L type Ca channels: identification of binding domains for H3 PN200–100 and H3 azidopine within the alpha 1 subunit. PNAS 88: 10769–10773
Bean BP (1984) Nitrendipine block of cardiac calcium channels: high affinity binding to the inactivated state. PNAS 81: 6388–6392
Nilius B, Hess P, Lansman JB, Tsien RW (1985) A novel type of cardiac calcium channel in ventricular cells. Nature 316: 443–446
Alvarez JL, Vassort G (1992) Properties of the low threshold Ca current in single frog atrial cardiomyocytes. A comparison with the high threshold Ca current. J Gen Physiol 100: 519–545
Le Grande B, Deroubaix E, Coulombe A, Coraboeuf E (1990) Stimulatory effect of ouabain on T- and L-type calcium currents in guinea pig cardiac myocytes. Am J Physiol 258: H1620–H1623
Marban E, Tsien RW (1982) Enhancement of calcium current during digitalis inotropy in mammalian heart: positive feedback regulation by intracellular calcium? J Physiol (Lond) 329: 589–614
Xu X, Lee KS (1994) A selective blocker for rested T type Ca channels in guinea pig atrial cells. Pharmacol Exp Ther
Takahashi M, Takagi H, Ito C, Suenaga H, Liou SY, Kunihara H (1993) Protective effects of U-92032 a novel calcium blocker with anti-peroxidative activity on cerebral ischemic injury. Jpn J Pharmacol 61 [Supp11]: 289
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1995 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Boyden, P.A., Tseng, GN. (1995). Pharmacology of T and L Type Ca2+ Channels in Cardiac Tissue. In: Breithardt, G., Borggrefe, M., Camm, A.J., Shenasa, M., Haverkamp, W., Hindricks, G. (eds) Antiarrhythmic Drugs. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-85624-2_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-85624-2_2
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-85626-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-85624-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive