Zusammenfassung
Zur Behandlung akuter funktioneller Obstipation wie auch zur Behandlung der chronischen Obstipation kommen Laxanzien unterschiedlicher pharmakologischer Gruppen zum Einsatz. Neben osmotisch wirksamen Laxanzien wie salinischen Lösungen, Zucker oder Zuckeralkoholen sind Anthranoide (z.B. Senna, Aloe), Diphenylmethanderivate, Gallen- und Fettsäuren sowie synthetische Prokinetika weit verbreitet [27]. Als unerwünschte Wirkungen auch bei bestimmungsgemäßem Gebrauch wurden abdominelle Beschwerden, Veränderungen der Serumelektrolyte und Pigmentablagerungen im Kolon (Pseudomelanosis coli) beschrieben. Invitro-Experimente hatten für einzelne Anthrachinone mutagene Effekt gezeigt [42]. Für Danthron, einem synthetischen Anthranoidlaxans, fanden sich tierexperimentell Hinweise für eine Induktion von Dickdarmtumoren [25]. In einer weiteren tierexperimentellen Untersuchung über die Langzeitanwendung eines gereinigten Sennaextraktes konnte bei Ratten jedoch keine Assoziation mit gastrointestinalen Tumoren gefunden werden [22]. Bis auf einen Fallbericht [34] und eine Kohortenstudie [37] zeigten klinisch-epidemiologische Studien keinen Zusammenhang zwischen Pseudomelanosis coli bzw. Einnahme von Anthranoidlaxanzien und dem Auftreten von kolorektalen Tumoren [12, 20, 21, 30].
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© 1996 Dr. Dietrich Steinkopff Verlag, GmbH & Co. KG, Darmstadt
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Nusko, G., Schneider, B., Schneider, I., Wittekind, C., Hahn, E.G. (1996). Prospektive klinische Studie zur Sicherheit von Anthranoidlaxanzien. In: Loew, D., Rietbrock, N. (eds) Phytopharmaka II. Steinkopff. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-85436-1_16
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