Skip to main content

Antiarrhythmisches Wirkungsprofil von Verapamil und Chinidin

  • Conference paper

Zusammenfassung

Die antiarrhythmischen Wirkprofile von Chinidin und Verapamil werden dargestellt. Für Verapamil sind die Angriffspunkte am Sinus- und AV-Knoten mit ihren Ca++-getragenen Aktionspotentialen von Bedeutung. Verapamil verlangsamt primär die Sinusknotenentladung, jedoch wird dieser Effekt durch Rückwirkungen aus der Peripherie bei ungestörter Sinusknotenfunktion kompensiert. Es verlängert die AV-Refraktärzeit und vermindert die AV-Leitungskapazität. Es senkt daher bei Vorhofflimmern die Kammerfrequenz. Bei ca. 30% der Patienten mit ventrikulären Tachykardien ist Verapamil wirksam, was auf mögliche Hemmung langsamer Aktionspotentiale in teildepolarisierten Arealen zurückgeführt wird. Sieht man Verapamil als klassischen Vertreter der Klasse-IV-Antiarrhythmika an, stellt Chinidin den Prototyp eines Klasse-I-Antiarrhythmikums dar. Die Wirkung von Chinidin ist demnach vorwiegend auf die schnellen Natriumkanäle gerichtet. Die anticholinerge Wirkung zusammen mit der Verlängerung der Refraktärzeit des Vorhofmyokards begründet die in vielen Studien nachgewiesene gute Wirkung des Chinidin insbesondere bei Vorhofflimmern. Die große Anzahl der zur antiarrhythmischen Wirksamkeit von Chinidin vorliegenden Arbeiten zeigt, daß Chinidin nicht unbedingt einem neuen Antiarrhythmikum in bezug auf die Wirksamkeit bei ventrikulären Rhythmusstörungen unterlegen zu sein braucht, und daß die Erfolgsquote von Chinidin sich durchaus vergleichen läßt mit der anderer Antiarrhythmika, jedoch das Nebenwirkungsprofil und die Interaktionen mit anderen Arzneimitteln besonderer Beachtung bedürfen.

Summary

The antiarrhythmic profiles of action of quinidine and verapamil are described. The sites of action at the sinus and AV nodes with their Ca2+ mediated action potentials are of importance for verapamil. The primary effect of verapamil is that it slows down sinus node depolarization. In normal sinus node function this effect is, however, compensated for by a reaction from the periphery. It prolongs the AV refractory period and reduces the AV conduction capacity. Hence, it decreases the ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation. Verpamil is effective in about 30% of patients with ventricular tachycardia which is attributed to a possible inhibition of slow action potentials in partly depolarized areas. If verapamil is regarded as a typical class IV antiarrhythmic drug quinidine is the prototype of a class I antiarrhythmic drug. Hence, the effect of quinidine is primarily directed at the fast sodium channels. As confirmed in many studies the favourable effect of quinidine in particular in atrial fibrillation is based on its anticholinergic action along with a prolonged refractory period of the atrial myocardium. The great number of publications on the antiarrhythmic efficacy of quinidine available shows that quinidine is not necessarily inferior to a new antiarrhythmic drug as regards efficacy in ventricular arrhythmia. Its rate of success is easily comparable with that of other antiarrhythmic drugs but its profile of side effects and interactions with other drugs should be given particular consideration.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   69.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Literatur

  1. Senac M (1749) Traité de la structure du coeur, de son action et de ses maladies. Zitat nach Snellen HA (1984) History of Cardiology. Donker Academic publications. Rotterdam, p 153

    Google Scholar 

  2. Frey W (1918) Über Vorhofflimmern beim Menschen und seine Beseitigung durch Chinidin. Berl Klin Wochenschr 450–459

    Google Scholar 

  3. Knoch G, Schlepper M, Witzleb E (1963) Untersuchungen an Gesunden und koronarkranken Patienten mit Isoptin. Med Klin 36: 1485–1489

    Google Scholar 

  4. Bender F, Kojima N, Reploh HD, Oelmann G (1966) Behandlung tachykarder Rhythmusstörungen des Herzens durch Beta-Rezeptorenblocker des Atrioventrikulargewebes. Med Welt 17: 1120–1123

    Google Scholar 

  5. Neuss H, Schlepper M (1971) Der Einfluß von Verapamil auf die atrio-ventrikuläre Überleitung. Lokalisation des Wirkungsortes mit His-Bündel-Elektrogrammen. Verh Dtsch Ges Kreislaufforschg 37: 433

    Google Scholar 

  6. Schlepper M, Neuss H (1974) Changes of refractory periods in the AV-conduction system induced by antiarrhythmic drugs. Acta Cardiol [Suppl] 18: 269–273

    Google Scholar 

  7. Neuss H, Mitrovic V, Mitrovic I, Stieren B, Bühler V, Schlepper M (1983) Pharmakodynamik und Elektrophysiologie von Gallopamil. In: Kaltenbach M, Hopf R (eds) Gallopamil, Pharmakologisches und klinisches Wirkungsprofil eines Kalziumantagonisten. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, p 101–108

    Google Scholar 

  8. Belz G, Bender F (1974) Therapie der Herzrhythmusstörungen mit Verapamil. Fischer, Stuttgart

    Google Scholar 

  9. Krikler DM, Spurrell RAJ (1974) Verapamil in the treatment of supraventricular tachycardia. Postg Med J 50: 447

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Schlepper M (1980) Profile of Verapamil, a calciumantagonistic Antiarrhythmic Agent. In: Bayes A, Cosin J (eds) Diagnosis and treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. Pergamon Press, Oxford New York Toronto Sydney Paris Frankfurt, p 949–958

    Google Scholar 

  11. Schamroth L (1980) The clinical use of intravenous Verapamil. Am Heart J 100: 1070–1075

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Neuss H, Horn HG, Mitrovic V, Schlepper M (1979) Die Wirkung des Calciumantagonisten D 600 bei Knotentachykardien. Z Kardiol 68: 643

    Google Scholar 

  13. Spurrell RAJ, Krikler DM, Sowton E (1974) Effects of Verapamil on electrophysiological properties of AV connexion in WPW syndrome. BR Heart J 36: 256–260

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Neuss H, Schlepper M (1974) Influence of various antiarrhythmic drugs on functional properties of accessory AV patients. Acta Cardiol [Suppl] 18: 279–283

    Google Scholar 

  15. Neuss H, Horn HG, Mitrovic V, Buss J, Schlepper M (1982) Die Senkung der Herzfrequenz bei tachykardem Vorhofflimmern durch den Calcium-Antagonisten Gallopamil. Z Kardiol 71: 334–339

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Lupi GA, Urthaler F, James TN (1979) Effects of Verapamil on Automaticity and Conduction with particular reference to tachyphylaxis. Eur J Cardiol 9: 345–368

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Schlepper M (1982) Control of ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation: role of the autonomous nervous system. In: Kulbertus HE, Olsson SB, Schlepper M (eds) Atrial fibrillation. AB Hassle, Mölndal 307–317

    Google Scholar 

  18. McKenna WJ, Harris L, Perez G, Krikler DM, Oakley C, Goodwin JF (1981) Arrhythmia in hypertrophie cardiomyopathy. II. Comparison of amiodarone and verapamil in treatment. Br Heart J 46: 173–178

    Google Scholar 

  19. Schamroth L, Krikler DM, Garret C (1972) Immediate effects of intravenous verapamil in cardiac arrhythmias. Br Med J 660–662

    Google Scholar 

  20. Heng MK, Singh BN, Roche AHG, Norris RM, Mercer CJ (1975) Effects of intravenous verapamil on cardiac arrhythmias and on the electrocardiogram. Am Heart J 90: 487–498

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Wellens HJJ, Farre J, Bär FW (1982) The role of the slow inward current in the genesis of ventricular tachyarrhythmias in man. In: Zipes DP, Bailey JC, Elharrar V (eds) The Slow Inward Current and Cardiac Arrhythmias. The Hague, Martinus Nijhoff, p 507–514

    Google Scholar 

  22. Buxton AE, Waxman HL, Marchilinski FE, Josephson ME (1984) Electropharmacology on Nunsustained Ventricular Tachycardia: Effects of Class I Antiarrhythmic Agents, Verapamil and Propranolol. Am J Cardiol 53: 738–744

    Google Scholar 

  23. Mason WJ, Swerdlow CD, Mitchell LB (1983) Efficacy of Verapamil in Chronic, Recurrent Ventricular Tachycardia. Am J Cardiol 53: 1614–1617

    Google Scholar 

  24. Ward DE, Nathan AW, Camm AJ (1984) Fascicular Tachycardia sensitive to Calcium-Antagonists. Eur Heart J (In Press)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Belhassen B, Shapira I, Pelleg A et al (1983) Termination of idiopathic recurrent sustained ventricular tachycardia with a right bundle branch block pattern and left axis deviation by verapamil. Report of three cases. In: Levy S, Gerard R (eds) Recent advances in Cardiac Arrhythmias, John Libbey, London, p 349–353

    Google Scholar 

  26. Lin FC, Finley D, Rahimtoola SH, Wu D (1983) Idiopathic paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia with a QRS pattern of right bundle branch block and left axis deviation: a unique clinical entity with specific properties. Am J Cardiol 52: 95–100

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. German LD, Packer DL, Bardy GH, Gallagher JJ (1983) Ventricular tachycardia induced by atrial stimulation in patients without symptomatic cardiac disease. Am J Cardiol 52: 1202–1207

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Wu D, Hwai-Cheng K, Jui-Sung H (1981) Exercise triggered paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia. Ann Intern Med 95: 410–411

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Schlepper M, Weppner HG, Merle H (1978) Haemodynamic effects of supraventricular tachycardias and their alterations by electrically and Verapamil induced termination. Cardiovasc Res XII: 28–33

    Google Scholar 

  30. Schlepper M (1980) Differentiation of Calcium Antagonism and ß-adrenergic blockade. Clin Inv Med 3: 9–12

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Reddy PS, Uretsky BF, Steinfeld M (1984) The hemodynamic effects of intravenous verapamil in patients on chronic propranolol therapy. Am Heart J 107: 97–101

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Josephson ME, Seides SF, Batsford WP, Weisfogel GM et al (1974) The electrophysiological effects of inetramuscular guinidine on the atrioventricular conducting system in man. Am Heart J 87: 55–64

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Befeler B, Castellanos jr A, Weills DE, Celese Vagueiro M, Yeh BK (1975) Electrophysiologic effects of the antiarrhythmic agent disopyramide phosphate. Am J Cardiol 35: 282–287

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Seipel, L, Breithardt G, Both A (1975) Elektrophysiologische Effekte der Antiarrhythmika Disopyramid and Propafenon auf das menschliche Reizleitungssystem. Z Kardiol 63: 426–434

    Google Scholar 

  35. Campbell RFW (1982) Drug prophylaxis of atrial fibrillation. In: Kulbertus HE, Olsson SB, Schlepper M (eds) Atrial Fibrillation. A. Lindgrend & Söner AB, Mölndal, Schweden, p. 274–281

    Google Scholar 

  36. Gunning JF, Kristinsson A, Miller G, Saunders K (1970) Long-term follow-up of direct current cardioversion after cardiac surgery with special reference to quinidine. Br Heart J 32: 462–466

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Stern S (1971) Treatment and prevention of cardiac arrhythmias with propranolol and quinidine. Br Heart J 33: 522–525

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Härtel G, Louhija A, Lonttinen A, Halonen PI (1970) Value of quinidine in maintenance of sinus rhythm after electric conversion of atrial fibrillation. Br Heart J 32: 57–60

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Hillestad L, Bjerkelund C, Dale J, Maltau J, Storstein 0 (1971) Qunidine in maintenance of sinus rhythm after electroconversion of chronic atrial fibrillation. Br Heart J 33: 518–521

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Boissel JP, Wolf E, Gillet J et al (1981) Controlled trial of long-acting quinidine for maintenance of sinus rhythm after conversion of sustained atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J 2: 49–55

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Södermark T, Sjögren A, Edhag O et al (1975) Effect of quinidine on maintaining sinus rhythm after conversion of atrial fibrillation or flutter. Br Heart J 37: 486–492

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Szekely P, Sideris DA, Batson GA (1970) Maintenance of sinus rhythm after atrial defibrillation. Br Heart J 32: 741–746

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Byrne-Quinn E, Wing AJ (1970) Maintenance of sinus rhythm after DC reversion of atrial fibrillation. Br Heart J 32: 370–376

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Radford MD, Evans DW (1968) Long-term results of DC reversion of atrial fibrillation Br Heart J 30: 91–96

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Holzmann M (1965) Vorhofilimmern und -flattern. In: Holzmann M (ed) Klinische Elektrokardiographie. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart, p 625–671

    Google Scholar 

  46. Dimarco JP, Garan H, Ruskin JN (1983) Quinidine for Ventricular Arrhythmias: Value of Electrophysiologic Testing. Am J Cardiol 51: 90–95

    Google Scholar 

  47. Winkle RA, Gradman AH, Fitzgerald, JW (1978) Antiarrhythmic Drug Effect Assessed From Ventricular Arrhythmia Reduction in the Ambulatory Electrocardiogram And Treadmill Test: Comparison of Propranolol, Procainamide and Quinidine. Am J Cardiol 42: 473–480

    Google Scholar 

  48. Hodges M, Salerno DM, Granrud G et al (1984) Flecainide Versus Quinidine: Results of a Multicenter Trial. Am J Cardiol 53: 66B - 71B

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Singh JB, Rasul AM, Shah A, Adams E et al (1984) Efficacy of Mexiletine in Chronic Ventricular Arrhythmias Compared with Quinidine: A Single-Blind, Randomized Trial. Am J Cardiol 53: 84–87

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Podrid PJ (1982) Aggravation of Arrhythmias: A potential Complication of Therapy. Primary Cardiol 9: 75–87

    Google Scholar 

  51. Bauman JL, Bauernfeind RA, Hoff JV, Strasberg B et al (1984) Torsade de pointes due to quinidine: Observations in 31 patients. Am Heart J 107: 425–430

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Warner NJ, Leahey EB, Hougen TJ, Bigger JT, Smith TW (1983) Tissue Digoxin Concentrations During the Quinidine-Digoxin Interaction. Am J Cardiol 51: 1717–1721

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1985 Dr. Dietrich Steinkopff Verlag, GmbH & Co. KG, Darmstadt

About this paper

Cite this paper

Schlepper, M. (1985). Antiarrhythmisches Wirkungsprofil von Verapamil und Chinidin. In: Bender, F., Greeff, K. (eds) Kombinationstherapie der Herzrhytmusstörungen mit Chinidin und Verapamil. Steinkopff. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-85346-3_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-85346-3_3

  • Publisher Name: Steinkopff

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-85347-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-85346-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics