Zusammenfassung
Derzeit gibt es nach Angaben der WHO ca. 20 Mio. HIV-1-Infizierte, vermutlich wird bereits im Jahr 2000 die 4o-Mio.-Grenze überschritten sein. Bei 70 % aller HIV-1-Infizierten wird das Nervensystem in den Krankheitsprozeß einbezogen. Primäre oder sekundäre Neuromanife-stationen werden von Neuropathologen sogar bei bis zu 90% aller Patienten gefunden. Es besteht eine klare Korrelation zwischen der Progredienz der HIV-1-Infektion und der Zunahme von Neuromani-festationen. Die rasante Zunahme der Überlebensspanne im Aids-Stadium dürfte dazu führen, daß in noch größerem Ausmaß Neuro-manifestationen auftreten, die fachspezifischischer Diagnostik und Therapie bedürfen (Baceliar et al. 1994).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Literatur
Armstrong D, Gold JWM, Dryjanski J et al. (1985) Treatment of infections in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Ann Intern Med 103: 738–743
Atkinson, JH, Grant I, Kennedy CJ et al. (1988) Prevalence of psychiatric disorders among men infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus — a controlled study. Arch Gen Psychiat 45: 859–864
Baceliar H, Munoz A, Miller EN et al. (1994)Temporal trends in the incidence of HIV-1-related neurologic diseases: Multicenter AIDS cohort study, 1985-1992. Neurology 44: 1892–1900
Behar R, Wiley C, McCutchan JA (1987) Cytomegalovirus polyradiculoneuropathy in Acquired Immuno-Deficiency-Syndrome. Neurology 37: 55–61
Bell JE, Busuttil JW, Ironside JW et al. (1993) Human immunodeficiency virus and the brain: Investigation of virus load and neuropathogenic changes in pre-AIDS subjects. J Infect Dis 168: 818–824
Berenguer J, Moreno S, Laguna F et al. (1992) Tuberculous meningitis in patients with the human immunodeficiency virus. N Engl J Med 326: 668–672
Berger JR, Flaster M, Schatz N et al. (1993) Cranial neuropathy heralding otherwise occult AIDS-related large cell lymphoma. J Clin Neuro-Ophthalmol 13: 113
Berger JR, Mucke L (1988) Prolonged survival and partial recovery in AIDS-associated progressive multifocal leukencephalopathy. Neurology 38: 1060–1065
Bessen LJ, Greene JB, Louie E et al. (1988) Severe polymyositis-like syndrome associated with zidovudine-therapy of AIDS and ARC. N Engl J Med 318: 708
Brandon WR, Boulos LM, Morse A (1993) Determining the prevalence of neurosyphilis in a cohort co-infected with HIV. Int J St AIDS 4: 99–101
Burger DM, Kraayeveld CL, Meenhorst PL et al. (1993) Penetration of zidovudine into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with HIV. AIDS 7: 1581–1587
Carne CA, Stibe C, Bronkhurst A et al. (1989) Subclinical neurological and neurop-sychological effect of infection with HIV. Genitourin Med 65: 151–156
Centers for Disease Control (1992) 1993 revised classification system for HIV infection and expanded surveillance case definition for AIDS among adolescents and adults. MMWR 41(RR-17): 1–19
Chavanet PY, Giroud M, Lancon JP et al. (1988) Altered peripheral nerve conduction in HIV-patients. Canter Detect Prev 12: 249–255
Chuck SL, Sande MA (1989) Infections with crytococcus neoformans in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. N Engl J Med 321: 794–799
Clark SJ, Saag MS, Decker WD et al. (1991) High titers of cytopathic virus in plasma of patients with symptomatic primary HIV-1-infection. N Engl J Med 324:954
Cohen BA (1996) Prognosis and response to therapy of cytomegalovirus encephalitis and meningomyelitis in AIDS. Neurology 46: 444–449
Cohen BA, McArthur JC, Grohmann S et al. (1993) Neurologic prognosis of cytomegalovirus polyradiculomyelopathy in AIDS. Neurology 43: 493–499
Cornblath DR, McArthur J, Kennedy PGE et al. (1987) Inflammatory demyelinating peripheral neuropathies associated with HTLV-II infection. Ann Neurol 21: 32–40
Cornblath DR, Chaudhry V, Griftin JW (1991) Treatment of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy with intravenous immunoglobulin. Ann Neurol 30: 104–106
Dal Pan GJ, McArthur JC, Aylward E et al. (1992) Patterns of cerebral atrophy in HIV-1-infected individuals: results of a quantitative MRI analysis. Neurology 42: 2125–2130
Davis LE, Hjelle BL, Miller VE et al. (1992) Early viral brain invasion in iatrogenic human immunodeficiency virus infection. Neurology 42: 1736–1739
De Luca A, Antinori A, Cingolani A et al. (1995) Evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid EBV-DNA and IL-10 as markers for in vivo diagnosis of AIDS-related primary central nervous system lymphoma. Br J Haematol 90: 844–849
Denning WP, Anderson J, Rudge P, Smith H (1987) Acute myelopathy associated with primary infection with human immunodeficiency virus. BMJ 294: 143–144
Dina TS (1991) Primary central nervous system lymphoma versus toxoplasmosis in AIDS. Radiology 179: 823–828
Dowell ME, Ross PG, Musher DM et al. (1992) Response of latent syphilis or neuro-syphilis to ceftriaxone therapy in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Am J Med 93: 520–524
Dube MP, Holtom PD, Larsen RA (1992) Tuberculous meningitis in patients with and without human immunodeficiency virus infection. Am J Med 93: 520–524
Duh EJ, Maury WJ, Folks TM et al. (1989) Tumor necrosis factor α activates human immunodeficiency virus type 1 through induction of nuclear factor binding to the NF-kB sites in the long terminal repeat. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 86: 5974–5978
Dunkle L, Anderson R, McLaren C (1992) Stavudine (d4T) a promising antiretrovi-ral agent. VIII International Conference on AIDS/III STD World Congress (abstr.)
Dunlop O, Bjørklund R, Abelnoor M, Myrvang B (1992) Five different tests of reaction time evaluated in HIV seropositive men. Acta Neurol Scand 88: 344–348
Dutch TIA Trial Study Group (1991) A comparison of two doses of aspirin (30 mg vs 283 mg a day) in patients after a transient ischemic attack or minor ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 325: 1261–1266
Engstrom JW, Lowenstein DH, Bredesen DE (1989) Cerebral infarctions and transient neurological deficits associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Am J Med 86: 528–532
Enting RH, Esselink RA, Portegies P et al. (1994) Lymphomatous meningitis in AIDS-related systemic non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: a report of eight cases. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 57: 150–153
Evers S, Husstedt IW, Lüttmann S et al. (1996a) Event-related potentials in HIV infection: evidence for impact of antiretroviral treatment. Arch Neurol 53: 715–716
Evers S, Lüttmann S, Bauer B et al. (1996b) Changes of migraine features during HIV infection. Neurovirology 2: 36
Faed JM, Day B, Pollock M et al. (1989) High dose intravenous human immunoglo-bulin in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. Neurology 39: 422–425
Fisher M, Tomlinson DR, Coker RJ et al. (1995) Management of cytomegalovirus infection. Int J St AIDS 6: 313–319
Formenti SC, Gill PS, Lean E et al. (1989) Primary central nervous system lymphoma in AIDS: results of radiation therapy. Cancer 63: 1101
Gabuzda DH, Ho DD, de La Monte SM et al. (1986) Immunohistochemical identification of HTLV-II antigen in brains of patients with AIDS. Ann Neurol 20: 289–295
Gade W, Ledman DW, Wethington R et al. (1992) Serological responses to various cocccidionides antigen preparations in a new enzyme immunoassay. J Clin Microbiol 39: 1907–1912
Gertner E, Thurn JR, Williams DN et al. (1989) Zidovudine-associated myopathy. Am J Med 86: 814–818
Goldstein J (1990) Headache and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. Neurol Clin 8: 947–960
Goswami KK, Miller RF, Harrison MJ et al. (1991) Expression of HIV-1 in the cere-brospinal fluid detected by the polymerase chain reaction and its correlation with central nervous system disease. AIDS 5: 797–803
Grant IH, Gold JMW, Rosenblum M et al. (1990) Toxoplasma gondii serology in HIV-infected patients: the development of central nervous system toxoplasmo-sis in AIDS. AIDS 4: 519–521
Gray F, Geny C, Dournon E et al. (1991) Neuropathological ecidence that zidovudi-ne reduces incidence of HIV infection of the brain. Lancet 337: 852–853
Griffin DE, McArthur JC, Cornblath DR (1990) Soluble interleukin-2 receptor and soluble CD8 in serum and cerebrospinal fluid during human immunodeficiency virus-associated neurologic disease. J Neuroimmunol 28: 97–109
Grotemeyer KH, Husstedt IW, Bründermann H (1991) Event-related potentials in HIV-infected outpatients. AIDS Res Hum Retrovir 7: 629–635
Harrison MJG, Justin C, McArthur JC (1995) AIDS and Neurology. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh
Hicks CB, Benson PM, Lupton G et al. (1987) Seronegative secondary syphilis in a patient infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) with Kaposi sarcoma: a diagnostic dilemma. Ann Intern Med 107: 492–495
Ho DD (1995) Time to hit HIV early and hard. N Engl J Med 333: 450–451
Hoffman, JM, Waskin HA, Schifter T et al. (1993) FDG-PET in differentiating lym-phoma from nonmalignant central nervous system lesions in patients with AIDS. J Nucl Med 34: 567–575
Holland NR, Power C, Mathews MD et al. (1994) Cytomegalovirus encephalitis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Neurology 44: 507–514
Holliman RE (1990) Serological study of the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in asymptomatic patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Epidemiol Infect 105: 415–418
Holloway RG, Kieburtz KD (1995) Headache and the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. Headache 35: 245–255
Holtzman DM, Kaku DA, So YT (1989) New-onset seizures associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection: causation and clinical features in 100 cases. Am J Med 87: 173–177
Hook EW (1989) Syphilis and HIV infection. J Infect Dis 160: 530–534
Husstedt IW, Grotemeyer KH, Busch H et al. (1993) Progression of distal-symmetric polyneuropathy in HIV infection: a prospective study. AIDS 7: 1069–1073
Husstedt IW, Grotemeyer KH, Busch J et al. (1994) Early detection of distal symmetrical polyneuropathy during HIV infection by paired stimulation of sural nerve. Electroenc Clin Neurophys 93: 169–174
Husstedt IW, Lügering N, Heese C et al. (1995) Polyneuroradikulitis bei HIV-Infektion — Verlauf, differentialdiagnostische und therapeutische Aspekte. MMW 137: 487–490
Husstedt IW, Yilmaz M, Reichelt D et al. (1996) Die autonome Polyneuropathie HIV-Infizierter — ein Vergleich zu Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus und Probanden. In: Jäger (ed) AIDS-Management der Erkrankung: Szenarien zur Verbesserung von Diagnose und Behandlung. Ecomed, Landsberg/Lech
Husstedt IW, Plettenberg A, Reichelt D et al. (1997) Kasuistiken — Einsatz von Atovaquon in der Behandlung und Prophylaxe der cerebralen und okulären Toxoplasmose bei HIV-infizierten Patienten. DMW (zur Publ. eingereicht)
Irani DN, Cornblath DR, Chaudhry V et al. (1993) Relapse in Guillain-Barré syndrome after treatment with human immune globulin. Neurology43: 872–875
Janssen RS, Cornblath DR, Epstein LG et al. (1991) Nomenclature and research case definitions for neurological manifestations of human immunodeficiency disorder. Ann Neurol 41: 778–785
Jolies S, Kinloch de Loës S, Johnson M A (1996) Primary HIV-1 infection: a new medical emergency? Recognition of this initial illness may permit early diagnosis and treatment. BMJ 312: 1243–1244
Karahalios D, Breit R, Dal Canto MC et al. (1992) Progressive multifocal leukence-phalopathy in patients with HIV infection: lack of impact of early diagnosis by stereotactic brain biopsy. J Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndromes 5: 1030–1038
Katz DA, Berger JR (1989) Neurosyphilis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Arch Neurol 46: 895–898
Kinloch de Loës S, Hirschel BJ, Hoen B et al. (1996) A controlled trial of Zidovudine in primary human immunodeficiency virus infection. N Engl J Med 333: 408–413
Levy RM, Bredesen DE, Rosenblum ML et al. (1989) Central nervous system disorders in AIDS. Immunol Ser 44: 371–401
Lipton SA (1992) Memantine prevents HIV-coat protein-induced neuronal injury in vitro. Neurology 42: 1403–1405
Lipton RB, Feraru ER, Weiss G et al. (1991) Headache in HIV1-related disorders. Headache 31: 518–522
Lüttmann S, Husstedt IW, Lügering N et al. (1997) Cytomegalovirus Encephalo-myelomeningoradiculitis in Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Journal of Infection (im Druck)
McArthur JC (1987) Neurologic manifestations of AIDS. Medicine 66: 407–437
McArthur JC, Nance-Sproson TE, Griffin DE et al. (1992) The diagnostic utility of elevation in cerebrospinal fluid ß2 microglobulin in HIV-1 dementia. Neurology 42: 1707–1712
McArthur JC, Hoover DR, Baceliar H et al. (1993), Dementia in AIDS patients: incidence and risk factors. Neurology 43: 2245–2252
Miörner H, Sjöbring U, Nayak P (1995) Tubercle and Lung Disease 76: 381–386
Mizusawa H, Hirano A, Llena JF et al. (1988) Cerebrovascular lesions in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Acta Neuropathol 76: 451–457
Musher DM (1991) Syphilis, neurosyphilis, penicillin, and AIDS. J Infect Dis 63: 1201–1206
Naber D (1994) Neuropsychiatrische Störungen bei AIDS. MMW 136: 238–240
Naber D, Perro C, Schick U et al. (1989) Psychiatrische Symptome und neuropsy-chologische Auffälligkeiten bei HIV-Infizierten. Nervenarzt 60: 80–85
Navia BA, Petito CK, Gold JW et al. (1986) Cerebral toxoplasmosis complicating the acquired immune deficiency syndrome: clinical and neuropathological findings in 27 patients. Ann Neurol 19: 224–238
østergaard L, Nielsen AK, Black FT (1993) DNA Amplification on cerebrospinal fluid for diagnosis of cerebral toxoplasmosis among HIV-positive patients with signs or symptoms of neurological disease. Scand J Infect Dis 25: 227–237
Perry SW, Jacobsen P (1986) Neuropsychiatric manifestation of AIDS spectrum disorders. Hosp Comm Psychiatr 37: 135–142
Petito CK (1993) Myelopathies. In: Scaravilli F (ed) The neuropathology of HIV infection. Springer, London, pp 187–199
Petito CK, Navia BA, Cho ES et al. (1985) Vacuolar myelopathy pathologically resembling subacute combined degeneration in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. N Engl J Med 312: 874–879
Portegies P (1994) AIDS dementia complex: A review. J Acq Immune Def Synd 7(Suppl 2): 38–49.
Price RW, Brew BJ (1997) Central and peripheral nervous system complications. In: DeVita VT, Hellman S, Rosenberg SA (eds) AIDS: Biology, diagnosis, treatment and prevention, 4th edn. 331–354
Reiber H (1980) The discrimination between different blood-CSF barrier dysfunctions and inflammtory reactions of the CNS by a recent evaluation graph for the protein profile of cerebrospinal fluid. J Neurol 224: 89–99
Ruiz A, Ganz WI, Donovan Post, JM et al. (1994) Use of thallium-201 brain SPECT to differentiate cerebral lymphoma from toxoplasma encephalitis in AIDS patients. AJNR 15: 1885–1894
Salim YS, Faber V, Skinhoj P et al. (1989) Plasmaferesebehandling af perifer HIV-neuropati. Ugeskr Laeger 151: 1754–1756
Scaravilli F, Daniel SE, Harcourt-Webster N et al. (1989) Chronic basal meningitis and vasculitis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: a possible role for human immunodeficiency virus. Arch Pathol Lab Med 113: 192–195
Schielke E (1993) Die HIV-Enzephalopathie — Klinik, Neuropathologie und Pathogenese. Nervenarzt 64: 83–90
Schmid P, Conrad A, Syndulko K et al. (1994) Quantifying HIV-1 proviral DNA using the polymerase chain reaction on cerebrospinal fluid and blood of seropositive individuals with and without neurologic abnormalities. J Acq Immune DefSynd 7: 777–778
Simpson DM, Wolfe DE (1991) Neuromuscular complications of HIV infection and its treatment. AIDS 5: 917–926
Simpson DM, Citak KA, Godfrey E et al. (1993a) Myopathies associated with human immunodeficiency virus and zidovudine: can their effects be distinguished? Neurology 43: 971–976
Simpson D, Goldbold J, Hassett S et al. (1993b) HIV associated myopathy and the effects of zidovudine and prednisone: preliminary results of placebo-controlled trials. Clin Neuropathol 12(Suppl 1): 20–23
Sinclair E, Gray F, Scaravilli F (1992) PCR detection of HIV proviral DNA in the brain of an asymptomatic HIV-positive patient. J Neurol 239: 469–471
Singer EJ, Zorilla C, Fahy-Chandon B et al. (1993) Painful syndroms reported by ambulatory HIV-infected men in a longitudinal study. Pain 54: 15–19
Singer EJ, Kim J, Fahy-Chandon B et al. (1996) Headache in ambulatory HIV-1-infected men enrolled in a longitudinal study. Neurology 47: 487–494
Snider WD, Simpson DM, Nielsen S et al. (1983) Neurological complications of acquired immune deficiency syndrome: analysis of 50 patients. Ann Neurol 14: 403–418
So T, Holtzman DM, Abrams DI et al. (1988) Peripheral neuropathy associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Arch Neurol 45: 945–948
Soong S-J, Watson NE, Caddell GR et al. (1991) Use of brain biopsy for diagnostic evaluation of patients with suspected herpes simplex encephalitis: a statistical model and its clinical implications. J Infect Dis 163: 17–22
UK-TIA-Study Group (1991) The United Kingdom transient ischaemic attack (UK-TIA) aspirin trial: final results. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat 54: 1044–1054
Viard J-P, Vittecoq D, Lacroix C et al. (1992) Response of HIV-1-associated polym-yositis to intravenous immunoglobulin (letter). Am J Med 92: 580–581
Vollmer-Haase J, Young P, Ringelstein EB (1997) Efficacy of camptothecin in progressive multifocal leucencephalopathy. Lancet 349: 1366
Weber T, Turner RT, Frye S et al. (1994) Specific diagnosis of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy by polymerase chain reaction. J Infect Dis 169: 1138–1141
Whiteman MLH, Post MJ, Berger JR et al. (1993) Progressive multifocal leukence-phalopathy in 47 HIV-seropositive patients: neuroimaging with clinical and pathological correlation. Radiology 187: 233–240
Wolcott Deane L, Dilley JW, Mitsuyasu RT (1994) Aids und Psychiatric In: Freed-man AM, Kaplan HI, Sadock BJ et al. (eds) Psychiatrie in Klinik und Praxis, Bd 7: Aids und Psychiatric Thieme, Stuttgart, S 227–258.
Wong MC, Suite NDA, Labar DR (1990) Seizures in human immunodeficiency virus infection. Arch Neurol 47: 640–642
Zakowski P, Fliegel S, Berlin GW et al. (1982) Disseminated mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection in homosexual men dying of acquired immunodeficiency. JAMA 248: 2980–2982
Zunker P, Nabavi DG, Allardt A et al. (1996) HIV-associated stroke: report on two unusual cases. Stroke 27: 1694–1695
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1998 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Husstedt, I.W., Evers, S., Stögbauer, F., Schuierer, G. (1998). Neurologische Manifestationen der HIV-1-Infektion/Aids. In: Husstedt, I.W. (eds) HIV und Aids. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-85266-4_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-85266-4_7
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-62726-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-85266-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive