Skip to main content

Neurologische Manifestationen der HIV-1-Infektion/Aids

  • Chapter
HIV und Aids

Zusammenfassung

Derzeit gibt es nach Angaben der WHO ca. 20 Mio. HIV-1-Infizierte, vermutlich wird bereits im Jahr 2000 die 4o-Mio.-Grenze überschritten sein. Bei 70 % aller HIV-1-Infizierten wird das Nervensystem in den Krankheitsprozeß einbezogen. Primäre oder sekundäre Neuromanife-stationen werden von Neuropathologen sogar bei bis zu 90% aller Patienten gefunden. Es besteht eine klare Korrelation zwischen der Progredienz der HIV-1-Infektion und der Zunahme von Neuromani-festationen. Die rasante Zunahme der Überlebensspanne im Aids-Stadium dürfte dazu führen, daß in noch größerem Ausmaß Neuro-manifestationen auftreten, die fachspezifischischer Diagnostik und Therapie bedürfen (Baceliar et al. 1994).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 69.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Literatur

  • Armstrong D, Gold JWM, Dryjanski J et al. (1985) Treatment of infections in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Ann Intern Med 103: 738–743

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Atkinson, JH, Grant I, Kennedy CJ et al. (1988) Prevalence of psychiatric disorders among men infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus — a controlled study. Arch Gen Psychiat 45: 859–864

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baceliar H, Munoz A, Miller EN et al. (1994)Temporal trends in the incidence of HIV-1-related neurologic diseases: Multicenter AIDS cohort study, 1985-1992. Neurology 44: 1892–1900

    Google Scholar 

  • Behar R, Wiley C, McCutchan JA (1987) Cytomegalovirus polyradiculoneuropathy in Acquired Immuno-Deficiency-Syndrome. Neurology 37: 55–61

    Google Scholar 

  • Bell JE, Busuttil JW, Ironside JW et al. (1993) Human immunodeficiency virus and the brain: Investigation of virus load and neuropathogenic changes in pre-AIDS subjects. J Infect Dis 168: 818–824

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berenguer J, Moreno S, Laguna F et al. (1992) Tuberculous meningitis in patients with the human immunodeficiency virus. N Engl J Med 326: 668–672

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berger JR, Flaster M, Schatz N et al. (1993) Cranial neuropathy heralding otherwise occult AIDS-related large cell lymphoma. J Clin Neuro-Ophthalmol 13: 113

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berger JR, Mucke L (1988) Prolonged survival and partial recovery in AIDS-associated progressive multifocal leukencephalopathy. Neurology 38: 1060–1065

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bessen LJ, Greene JB, Louie E et al. (1988) Severe polymyositis-like syndrome associated with zidovudine-therapy of AIDS and ARC. N Engl J Med 318: 708

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brandon WR, Boulos LM, Morse A (1993) Determining the prevalence of neurosyphilis in a cohort co-infected with HIV. Int J St AIDS 4: 99–101

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burger DM, Kraayeveld CL, Meenhorst PL et al. (1993) Penetration of zidovudine into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with HIV. AIDS 7: 1581–1587

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carne CA, Stibe C, Bronkhurst A et al. (1989) Subclinical neurological and neurop-sychological effect of infection with HIV. Genitourin Med 65: 151–156

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Centers for Disease Control (1992) 1993 revised classification system for HIV infection and expanded surveillance case definition for AIDS among adolescents and adults. MMWR 41(RR-17): 1–19

    Google Scholar 

  • Chavanet PY, Giroud M, Lancon JP et al. (1988) Altered peripheral nerve conduction in HIV-patients. Canter Detect Prev 12: 249–255

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chuck SL, Sande MA (1989) Infections with crytococcus neoformans in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. N Engl J Med 321: 794–799

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clark SJ, Saag MS, Decker WD et al. (1991) High titers of cytopathic virus in plasma of patients with symptomatic primary HIV-1-infection. N Engl J Med 324:954

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen BA (1996) Prognosis and response to therapy of cytomegalovirus encephalitis and meningomyelitis in AIDS. Neurology 46: 444–449

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen BA, McArthur JC, Grohmann S et al. (1993) Neurologic prognosis of cytomegalovirus polyradiculomyelopathy in AIDS. Neurology 43: 493–499

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cornblath DR, McArthur J, Kennedy PGE et al. (1987) Inflammatory demyelinating peripheral neuropathies associated with HTLV-II infection. Ann Neurol 21: 32–40

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cornblath DR, Chaudhry V, Griftin JW (1991) Treatment of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy with intravenous immunoglobulin. Ann Neurol 30: 104–106

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dal Pan GJ, McArthur JC, Aylward E et al. (1992) Patterns of cerebral atrophy in HIV-1-infected individuals: results of a quantitative MRI analysis. Neurology 42: 2125–2130

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis LE, Hjelle BL, Miller VE et al. (1992) Early viral brain invasion in iatrogenic human immunodeficiency virus infection. Neurology 42: 1736–1739

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • De Luca A, Antinori A, Cingolani A et al. (1995) Evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid EBV-DNA and IL-10 as markers for in vivo diagnosis of AIDS-related primary central nervous system lymphoma. Br J Haematol 90: 844–849

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Denning WP, Anderson J, Rudge P, Smith H (1987) Acute myelopathy associated with primary infection with human immunodeficiency virus. BMJ 294: 143–144

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dina TS (1991) Primary central nervous system lymphoma versus toxoplasmosis in AIDS. Radiology 179: 823–828

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dowell ME, Ross PG, Musher DM et al. (1992) Response of latent syphilis or neuro-syphilis to ceftriaxone therapy in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Am J Med 93: 520–524

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dube MP, Holtom PD, Larsen RA (1992) Tuberculous meningitis in patients with and without human immunodeficiency virus infection. Am J Med 93: 520–524

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Duh EJ, Maury WJ, Folks TM et al. (1989) Tumor necrosis factor α activates human immunodeficiency virus type 1 through induction of nuclear factor binding to the NF-kB sites in the long terminal repeat. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 86: 5974–5978

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dunkle L, Anderson R, McLaren C (1992) Stavudine (d4T) a promising antiretrovi-ral agent. VIII International Conference on AIDS/III STD World Congress (abstr.)

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunlop O, Bjørklund R, Abelnoor M, Myrvang B (1992) Five different tests of reaction time evaluated in HIV seropositive men. Acta Neurol Scand 88: 344–348

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dutch TIA Trial Study Group (1991) A comparison of two doses of aspirin (30 mg vs 283 mg a day) in patients after a transient ischemic attack or minor ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 325: 1261–1266

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Engstrom JW, Lowenstein DH, Bredesen DE (1989) Cerebral infarctions and transient neurological deficits associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Am J Med 86: 528–532

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Enting RH, Esselink RA, Portegies P et al. (1994) Lymphomatous meningitis in AIDS-related systemic non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: a report of eight cases. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 57: 150–153

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Evers S, Husstedt IW, Lüttmann S et al. (1996a) Event-related potentials in HIV infection: evidence for impact of antiretroviral treatment. Arch Neurol 53: 715–716

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Evers S, Lüttmann S, Bauer B et al. (1996b) Changes of migraine features during HIV infection. Neurovirology 2: 36

    Google Scholar 

  • Faed JM, Day B, Pollock M et al. (1989) High dose intravenous human immunoglo-bulin in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. Neurology 39: 422–425

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fisher M, Tomlinson DR, Coker RJ et al. (1995) Management of cytomegalovirus infection. Int J St AIDS 6: 313–319

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Formenti SC, Gill PS, Lean E et al. (1989) Primary central nervous system lymphoma in AIDS: results of radiation therapy. Cancer 63: 1101

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gabuzda DH, Ho DD, de La Monte SM et al. (1986) Immunohistochemical identification of HTLV-II antigen in brains of patients with AIDS. Ann Neurol 20: 289–295

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gade W, Ledman DW, Wethington R et al. (1992) Serological responses to various cocccidionides antigen preparations in a new enzyme immunoassay. J Clin Microbiol 39: 1907–1912

    Google Scholar 

  • Gertner E, Thurn JR, Williams DN et al. (1989) Zidovudine-associated myopathy. Am J Med 86: 814–818

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein J (1990) Headache and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. Neurol Clin 8: 947–960

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goswami KK, Miller RF, Harrison MJ et al. (1991) Expression of HIV-1 in the cere-brospinal fluid detected by the polymerase chain reaction and its correlation with central nervous system disease. AIDS 5: 797–803

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grant IH, Gold JMW, Rosenblum M et al. (1990) Toxoplasma gondii serology in HIV-infected patients: the development of central nervous system toxoplasmo-sis in AIDS. AIDS 4: 519–521

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gray F, Geny C, Dournon E et al. (1991) Neuropathological ecidence that zidovudi-ne reduces incidence of HIV infection of the brain. Lancet 337: 852–853

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Griffin DE, McArthur JC, Cornblath DR (1990) Soluble interleukin-2 receptor and soluble CD8 in serum and cerebrospinal fluid during human immunodeficiency virus-associated neurologic disease. J Neuroimmunol 28: 97–109

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grotemeyer KH, Husstedt IW, Bründermann H (1991) Event-related potentials in HIV-infected outpatients. AIDS Res Hum Retrovir 7: 629–635

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harrison MJG, Justin C, McArthur JC (1995) AIDS and Neurology. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh

    Google Scholar 

  • Hicks CB, Benson PM, Lupton G et al. (1987) Seronegative secondary syphilis in a patient infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) with Kaposi sarcoma: a diagnostic dilemma. Ann Intern Med 107: 492–495

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ho DD (1995) Time to hit HIV early and hard. N Engl J Med 333: 450–451

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hoffman, JM, Waskin HA, Schifter T et al. (1993) FDG-PET in differentiating lym-phoma from nonmalignant central nervous system lesions in patients with AIDS. J Nucl Med 34: 567–575

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holland NR, Power C, Mathews MD et al. (1994) Cytomegalovirus encephalitis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Neurology 44: 507–514

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holliman RE (1990) Serological study of the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in asymptomatic patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Epidemiol Infect 105: 415–418

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holloway RG, Kieburtz KD (1995) Headache and the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. Headache 35: 245–255

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holtzman DM, Kaku DA, So YT (1989) New-onset seizures associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection: causation and clinical features in 100 cases. Am J Med 87: 173–177

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hook EW (1989) Syphilis and HIV infection. J Infect Dis 160: 530–534

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Husstedt IW, Grotemeyer KH, Busch H et al. (1993) Progression of distal-symmetric polyneuropathy in HIV infection: a prospective study. AIDS 7: 1069–1073

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Husstedt IW, Grotemeyer KH, Busch J et al. (1994) Early detection of distal symmetrical polyneuropathy during HIV infection by paired stimulation of sural nerve. Electroenc Clin Neurophys 93: 169–174

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Husstedt IW, Lügering N, Heese C et al. (1995) Polyneuroradikulitis bei HIV-Infektion — Verlauf, differentialdiagnostische und therapeutische Aspekte. MMW 137: 487–490

    Google Scholar 

  • Husstedt IW, Yilmaz M, Reichelt D et al. (1996) Die autonome Polyneuropathie HIV-Infizierter — ein Vergleich zu Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus und Probanden. In: Jäger (ed) AIDS-Management der Erkrankung: Szenarien zur Verbesserung von Diagnose und Behandlung. Ecomed, Landsberg/Lech

    Google Scholar 

  • Husstedt IW, Plettenberg A, Reichelt D et al. (1997) Kasuistiken — Einsatz von Atovaquon in der Behandlung und Prophylaxe der cerebralen und okulären Toxoplasmose bei HIV-infizierten Patienten. DMW (zur Publ. eingereicht)

    Google Scholar 

  • Irani DN, Cornblath DR, Chaudhry V et al. (1993) Relapse in Guillain-Barré syndrome after treatment with human immune globulin. Neurology43: 872–875

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Janssen RS, Cornblath DR, Epstein LG et al. (1991) Nomenclature and research case definitions for neurological manifestations of human immunodeficiency disorder. Ann Neurol 41: 778–785

    Google Scholar 

  • Jolies S, Kinloch de Loës S, Johnson M A (1996) Primary HIV-1 infection: a new medical emergency? Recognition of this initial illness may permit early diagnosis and treatment. BMJ 312: 1243–1244

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karahalios D, Breit R, Dal Canto MC et al. (1992) Progressive multifocal leukence-phalopathy in patients with HIV infection: lack of impact of early diagnosis by stereotactic brain biopsy. J Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndromes 5: 1030–1038

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Katz DA, Berger JR (1989) Neurosyphilis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Arch Neurol 46: 895–898

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kinloch de Loës S, Hirschel BJ, Hoen B et al. (1996) A controlled trial of Zidovudine in primary human immunodeficiency virus infection. N Engl J Med 333: 408–413

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Levy RM, Bredesen DE, Rosenblum ML et al. (1989) Central nervous system disorders in AIDS. Immunol Ser 44: 371–401

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lipton SA (1992) Memantine prevents HIV-coat protein-induced neuronal injury in vitro. Neurology 42: 1403–1405

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lipton RB, Feraru ER, Weiss G et al. (1991) Headache in HIV1-related disorders. Headache 31: 518–522

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lüttmann S, Husstedt IW, Lügering N et al. (1997) Cytomegalovirus Encephalo-myelomeningoradiculitis in Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Journal of Infection (im Druck)

    Google Scholar 

  • McArthur JC (1987) Neurologic manifestations of AIDS. Medicine 66: 407–437

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McArthur JC, Nance-Sproson TE, Griffin DE et al. (1992) The diagnostic utility of elevation in cerebrospinal fluid ß2 microglobulin in HIV-1 dementia. Neurology 42: 1707–1712

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McArthur JC, Hoover DR, Baceliar H et al. (1993), Dementia in AIDS patients: incidence and risk factors. Neurology 43: 2245–2252

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miörner H, Sjöbring U, Nayak P (1995) Tubercle and Lung Disease 76: 381–386

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mizusawa H, Hirano A, Llena JF et al. (1988) Cerebrovascular lesions in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Acta Neuropathol 76: 451–457

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Musher DM (1991) Syphilis, neurosyphilis, penicillin, and AIDS. J Infect Dis 63: 1201–1206

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Naber D (1994) Neuropsychiatrische Störungen bei AIDS. MMW 136: 238–240

    Google Scholar 

  • Naber D, Perro C, Schick U et al. (1989) Psychiatrische Symptome und neuropsy-chologische Auffälligkeiten bei HIV-Infizierten. Nervenarzt 60: 80–85

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Navia BA, Petito CK, Gold JW et al. (1986) Cerebral toxoplasmosis complicating the acquired immune deficiency syndrome: clinical and neuropathological findings in 27 patients. Ann Neurol 19: 224–238

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • østergaard L, Nielsen AK, Black FT (1993) DNA Amplification on cerebrospinal fluid for diagnosis of cerebral toxoplasmosis among HIV-positive patients with signs or symptoms of neurological disease. Scand J Infect Dis 25: 227–237

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Perry SW, Jacobsen P (1986) Neuropsychiatric manifestation of AIDS spectrum disorders. Hosp Comm Psychiatr 37: 135–142

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Petito CK (1993) Myelopathies. In: Scaravilli F (ed) The neuropathology of HIV infection. Springer, London, pp 187–199

    Google Scholar 

  • Petito CK, Navia BA, Cho ES et al. (1985) Vacuolar myelopathy pathologically resembling subacute combined degeneration in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. N Engl J Med 312: 874–879

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Portegies P (1994) AIDS dementia complex: A review. J Acq Immune Def Synd 7(Suppl 2): 38–49.

    Google Scholar 

  • Price RW, Brew BJ (1997) Central and peripheral nervous system complications. In: DeVita VT, Hellman S, Rosenberg SA (eds) AIDS: Biology, diagnosis, treatment and prevention, 4th edn. 331–354

    Google Scholar 

  • Reiber H (1980) The discrimination between different blood-CSF barrier dysfunctions and inflammtory reactions of the CNS by a recent evaluation graph for the protein profile of cerebrospinal fluid. J Neurol 224: 89–99

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ruiz A, Ganz WI, Donovan Post, JM et al. (1994) Use of thallium-201 brain SPECT to differentiate cerebral lymphoma from toxoplasma encephalitis in AIDS patients. AJNR 15: 1885–1894

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Salim YS, Faber V, Skinhoj P et al. (1989) Plasmaferesebehandling af perifer HIV-neuropati. Ugeskr Laeger 151: 1754–1756

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scaravilli F, Daniel SE, Harcourt-Webster N et al. (1989) Chronic basal meningitis and vasculitis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: a possible role for human immunodeficiency virus. Arch Pathol Lab Med 113: 192–195

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schielke E (1993) Die HIV-Enzephalopathie — Klinik, Neuropathologie und Pathogenese. Nervenarzt 64: 83–90

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schmid P, Conrad A, Syndulko K et al. (1994) Quantifying HIV-1 proviral DNA using the polymerase chain reaction on cerebrospinal fluid and blood of seropositive individuals with and without neurologic abnormalities. J Acq Immune DefSynd 7: 777–778

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Simpson DM, Wolfe DE (1991) Neuromuscular complications of HIV infection and its treatment. AIDS 5: 917–926

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Simpson DM, Citak KA, Godfrey E et al. (1993a) Myopathies associated with human immunodeficiency virus and zidovudine: can their effects be distinguished? Neurology 43: 971–976

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Simpson D, Goldbold J, Hassett S et al. (1993b) HIV associated myopathy and the effects of zidovudine and prednisone: preliminary results of placebo-controlled trials. Clin Neuropathol 12(Suppl 1): 20–23

    Google Scholar 

  • Sinclair E, Gray F, Scaravilli F (1992) PCR detection of HIV proviral DNA in the brain of an asymptomatic HIV-positive patient. J Neurol 239: 469–471

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singer EJ, Zorilla C, Fahy-Chandon B et al. (1993) Painful syndroms reported by ambulatory HIV-infected men in a longitudinal study. Pain 54: 15–19

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singer EJ, Kim J, Fahy-Chandon B et al. (1996) Headache in ambulatory HIV-1-infected men enrolled in a longitudinal study. Neurology 47: 487–494

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Snider WD, Simpson DM, Nielsen S et al. (1983) Neurological complications of acquired immune deficiency syndrome: analysis of 50 patients. Ann Neurol 14: 403–418

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • So T, Holtzman DM, Abrams DI et al. (1988) Peripheral neuropathy associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Arch Neurol 45: 945–948

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Soong S-J, Watson NE, Caddell GR et al. (1991) Use of brain biopsy for diagnostic evaluation of patients with suspected herpes simplex encephalitis: a statistical model and its clinical implications. J Infect Dis 163: 17–22

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • UK-TIA-Study Group (1991) The United Kingdom transient ischaemic attack (UK-TIA) aspirin trial: final results. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat 54: 1044–1054

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Viard J-P, Vittecoq D, Lacroix C et al. (1992) Response of HIV-1-associated polym-yositis to intravenous immunoglobulin (letter). Am J Med 92: 580–581

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vollmer-Haase J, Young P, Ringelstein EB (1997) Efficacy of camptothecin in progressive multifocal leucencephalopathy. Lancet 349: 1366

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weber T, Turner RT, Frye S et al. (1994) Specific diagnosis of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy by polymerase chain reaction. J Infect Dis 169: 1138–1141

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Whiteman MLH, Post MJ, Berger JR et al. (1993) Progressive multifocal leukence-phalopathy in 47 HIV-seropositive patients: neuroimaging with clinical and pathological correlation. Radiology 187: 233–240

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wolcott Deane L, Dilley JW, Mitsuyasu RT (1994) Aids und Psychiatric In: Freed-man AM, Kaplan HI, Sadock BJ et al. (eds) Psychiatrie in Klinik und Praxis, Bd 7: Aids und Psychiatric Thieme, Stuttgart, S 227–258.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wong MC, Suite NDA, Labar DR (1990) Seizures in human immunodeficiency virus infection. Arch Neurol 47: 640–642

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zakowski P, Fliegel S, Berlin GW et al. (1982) Disseminated mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection in homosexual men dying of acquired immunodeficiency. JAMA 248: 2980–2982

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zunker P, Nabavi DG, Allardt A et al. (1996) HIV-associated stroke: report on two unusual cases. Stroke 27: 1694–1695

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1998 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Husstedt, I.W., Evers, S., Stögbauer, F., Schuierer, G. (1998). Neurologische Manifestationen der HIV-1-Infektion/Aids. In: Husstedt, I.W. (eds) HIV und Aids. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-85266-4_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-85266-4_7

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-62726-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-85266-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics