Skip to main content

Candida Infections in Critically Ill Patients

  • Conference paper
  • 101 Accesses

Part of the book series: Yearbook of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine 1994 ((YEARBOOK,volume 1994))

Abstract

Nosocomial infection is a common complication of hospital admission; on average it complicates 8% of the admissions in general hospitals. Rates of infection are even higher for ICU patients than for those admitted to regular wards [1–3]. Although ICU make up only 5% of hospital beds, infections acquired in these units account for at least 20% of nosocomial infections. At the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics (UIHC) where prospective hospital-wide surveillance for nosocomial infections is conducted, the incidence of infections acquired in the ICU was 2 to 5 fold higher than in the regular wards [3]. Whereas overall rates of nosocomial infections ranged between 11 and 16 episodes per 1000 patient-days during the period from 1982 to 1989, they reached 36 to 54 per 1000 patient-days in the SICU, 23 to 47 per 1000 patient-days in the MICU, and 14 to 32 per 1000 patient-days in the PICU.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Daschner F, Frey P, Wolff G, Baumann PC, Suter P (1982) Nosocomial infections in intensive care wards: A multicenter prospective study. Intensive Care Med 8: 5–9

    Google Scholar 

  2. Donowitz LG (1986) High risk of nosocomial infection in the pediatric critical care patient. Crit Care Med 14: 26–28

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Pittet D, Herwaldt LA, Massanari RM (1992) The Intensive Care Unit. In: Brachman PS, Bennett JV (eds) Hospital Infections, 3rd Ed., Little, Brown and Company, Boston, MA, pp 405–439

    Google Scholar 

  4. Horn R, Wong B, Kiehn TE, Armstrong D (1985) Fungemia in a cancer hospital: Changing frequency, earlier onset, and results of therapy. Rev Infect Dis 7: 646–655

    Google Scholar 

  5. Solomkin JS, Flohr AB, Quie PG, Simmons RL (1980) The role of Candida in intraperitoneal infections. Surgery 88: 524–530

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Sobel JD (1988) Candida infections in the intensive care unit. Crit Care Med 4: 325–344

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Jarvis WR, Martone W (1992) Predominant pathogens in hospital infections. J Antimicrob Chemother 29 (Suppl A): 19–24

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Beck Sague C, Jarvis W (1993) Secular trends in the epidemiology of nosocomial fungal infections in the United States, 1980–1990. National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System. J Infect Dis 167: 1247–1251

    Google Scholar 

  9. Pittet D, Wenzel RP (1992) Secular trends in rates and mortality of nosocomial bloodstream infections in a tertiary health care center. 31st Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. A1152 (Abst)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Wey SB, Mori M, Pfaller MA, Woolson RF, Wenzel RP (1989) Risk factors for hospital-acquired candidemia. A matched case-control study. Arch Intern Med 149: 2349–2353

    Google Scholar 

  11. Bross J, Talbot GH, Maislin G, Hurwits S, Strom BL (1989) Risk factors for nosocomial candidemia: A case-control study in adults without leukemia. Am J Med 87: 614–620

    Google Scholar 

  12. Pittet D (1993) Nosocomial bloodstream infections. In: Wenzel RP (ed) Prevention and control of nosocomial infections, 2nd Ed, Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, pp 512–555

    Google Scholar 

  13. Wey SB, Motomi M, Pfaller MA, Woolson RF, Wenzel RP (1988) Hospital-acquired candidemia. The attributable mortality and excess lenght of stay. Arch Intern Med 148: 26422645

    Google Scholar 

  14. Miller PJ, Wenzel RP (1987) Etiologic organisms as independent predictors of death and morbidity associated with bloodstream infections. J Infect Dis 156: 471–477

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Pittet D, Monod M, Filthuth I, Frenk E, Suter PM, Auckenthaler R (1991) Contour-clamped homogeneous electric field gel electrophoresis as a powerful epidemiologic tool in yeast infections. Am J Med 91: 256S - 263S

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Craven DE, Kunches LM, Lichtenberg DA (1988) Nosocomial infection and fatality in medical surgical intensive care unit patients. Arch Intern Med 148: 1161

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Gross PA, DeMauro PJ, Van Antwerpen C, Wallenstein S, Chiang S (1988) Number of comorbidities as a predictor of nosocomial infection acquisition. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 9: 497–500

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Richet HM, Andremont A, Tancrede C, Pico JL, Jarvis WR (1991) Risk factors for candidemia in patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Rev Infect Dis 13: 211–215

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Solomkin JS, Flohr AB, Simmons RL (1982) Indications for therapy for fungemia in postoperative patients. Arch Surg 117: 1272–1275

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Solomon SL, Khabbaz RF, Parker RH, et al (1984) An outbreak of Candida parapsilosis bloodstream infections in patients receiving parenteral nutrition. J Infect Dis 149: 98–102

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Pappu-Katikaneni LD, Rao KP, Banister E (1990) Gastrointestinal colonization with yeast species and Candida septicemia in very low birth weight infants. Mycoses 33: 20–23

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Pittet D, Monod M, Suter PM, Auckenthaler R (1991) Colonization: A prerequisite for severe candidal infection in critically ill patients. 31st Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy A792 (Abst)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Nicolle LE, Hume K, Sims H, Rosenal T, Sandham D (1986) An outbreak of group A streptococcal bacteremia in an intensive care unit. Infect Control 7: 177–180

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Pfaller MA, Cabezudo I, Hollis R, Huston B, Wenzel RP (1990) The use of biotyping and DNA fingerprinting in typing Candida albicans from hospitalized patients. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 13: 481–489

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Magee PT, Bowdin L, Staudinger J (1992) Comparison of molecular typing methods for Candida albicans. J Clin Microbiol 30: 2674–2679

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Burnie JP, Odds FC, Lee W, Webster C, Williams J (1985) Outbreak of systemic Candida albicans in intensive care unit caused by cross infection. Br Med J 290: 746–748

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Vaudry WL, Tierney AJ, Wenman WM (1988) Investigation of a cluster of systemic Candida albicans infections in a neonatal intensive care unit. J Infect Dis 158: 1375–1379

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Sherertz RJ, Gledhill KS, Hampton KD, et al (1992) Outbreak of Candida bloodstream infections associated with retrograde medication administration in a neonatal intensive care unit. J Pediatr 120: 455–461

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Phelps M, Ayliffe GAJ, Babb JR (1986) An outbreak of candidiasis in a special care baby unit: The use of a resistogram typing method. J Hosp Infect 7: 13–20

    Google Scholar 

  30. Stevens DA, Odds FC, Scherer S (1990) Applications of DNA typing methods to Candida albicans epidemiology and correlations with phenotype. Rev Infect Dis 12: 258–266

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Weems JJ Jr., Chamberland ME, Ward J, Willy M, Padhye AA, Solomon SL (1987) Candida parapsilosis fungemia associated with parenteral nutrition and contaminated blood pressure transducers. J Clin Microbiol 25: 1029–1032

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Lee W, Burnie JP, Matthews RC, Oppenheim BO, Damani NN (1991) Hospital outbreaks with yeasts. J Hosp Infect 18 (Suppl A): 237–249

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Isenberg DD, Tucci V, Cintron F, Singer C, Weinstein GS, Tyras DH (1989) Single-source outbreak of Candida tropicalis complicating coronary bypass surgery. J Clin Microbiol 27: 2426–2428

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Doebbeling BN, Lehmann PF, Hollis RJ, et al (1993) Comparison of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis with isoenzyme profiles as a typing system for Candida tropicalis. Clin Infect Dis 16: 377–383

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Hiatt JR, Kobayashi MR, Doty JE, Ramming KP (1991) Acalculous candida cholecystitis: A complication of critical surgical illness. Am J Surg 57: 825–829

    Google Scholar 

  36. Jones JM (1990) Laboratory diagnosis of invasive candidiasis. Clin Microbiol Rev 3: 3245

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1994 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Pittet, D. (1994). Candida Infections in Critically Ill Patients. In: Vincent, JL. (eds) Yearbook of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine 1994. Yearbook of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine 1994, vol 1994. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-85068-4_58

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-85068-4_58

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-57613-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-85068-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics