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Pathophysiologie der Alkoholpsychosen

  • Chapter
Organische Psychosyndrome

Part of the book series: Tropon-Symposium ((BAYERZNS,volume 8))

Zusammenfassung

Alkoholabusus spielt in der Ätiologie der exogenen Psychosen eine herausragende Rolle. Das Delirium tremens wird heute überwiegend als Teil und Extremform des Alkoholentzugsyndroms angesehen. Es wird in der neueren Literatur vor allem auf eine Übererregbarkeit zentralnervöser Strukturen zurückgeführt. Neurochemische Befunde deuten auf Veränderungen im Noradrenalin- und des Doparninstoffwechsel sowie beim Acetylcholin und beim GABA/Benzodiazepin-Rezeptorkomplex hin. Die Alkoholhalluzinose ist eine eher seltene Form metalkoholischer Psychosen. Empirische und epidemiologische Daten weisen auf gehäuftes Auftreten von Suchterkrankungen bei Schizophrenien hin. Bei beiden Störungen scheinenz. T. verwandte Transmittersysteme im ZNS betroffen zu sein. Die Wernicke-Enzephalopathie und die Korsakow-Psychose werden heute als eine Krankheitsentität aufgef ßt. Symptomatisch ist bei akuten Fällen die Trias Ophtalmologe-Ataxie-Bewußtseinsstörung, bei den chronischen Formen dementielle Veränderungen oder ein Korsakow-Syndrom. Ursache der Wernicke-Enzephalopathie ist ein — allerdings nicht für Alkoholiker spezifischer — Thiaminmangel.

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    Reinhold Schüttler

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Soyka, M. (1993). Pathophysiologie der Alkoholpsychosen. In: Schüttler, R. (eds) Organische Psychosyndrome. Tropon-Symposium, vol 8. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84961-9_6

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