Abstract
The gross findings in owl monkeys with vitamin E-responsive hemolytic anemia and necrotizing myopathy vary. Pallor of mucus membranes, skeletal musculature and visceral organs resulting from the anemia is the most common finding in animals dying of this disorder. There may also be variable degrees of atrophy of skeletal muscle. The tissues of some affected animals may also be icteric. The spleen and liver may be enlarged and browner than normal. The livers of animals with extremely severe anemia, i.e., hemoglobin values less than 5.0 g/dl (normal 14.2 ± 1.7), frequently have a characteristic red-tan reticular (“nutmeg”) pattern. The bone marrow of long bones is typically dark red rather than yellow and fatty. Finally, randomly scattered petechiae may be present in the cerebrum, cerebellum and brainstem.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Ausman LM, Hayes KC (1974) Vitamin E deficiency anemia in Old and New World monkeys. Am J Clin Nutr 27:1141–1151
Baskin GB, Wolf RH, Worth CL, Soike K, Gibson SV, Bieri JG (1983) Anemia, steatitis, and muscle necrosis in marmosets (Saguinus labiatus). Lab Anim Sci 33: 74–80
Beland MF, Bronson RT, Ma NSF, Mclntyre KW, Sehgal PK, Keadle TL (1981) Karyotypic variation in susceptibility to hemolytic anemia and idiopathic eosinophilia of owl monkeys, Aotus trivirgatus. Primates 22: 551–556
Bronson RT (1980) Necrotizing myopathy associated with hemolytic anemia in owl monkeys (Aotus trivirgatus). J Neurol Sci 40: 105–109
Bronson RT, Meadow PE, Strauss WM (1980) Morphology and morphogenesis of cerebral ring hemorrhages in anemic monkeys. Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 51: 155–160
Coffin DL, Holzworth J (1954) “Yellow fat” in two laboratory cats: acid-fast pigmentation associated with a fish-base ration. Cornell Vet 44: 63–71
Cordy DR (1954) Experimental production of steatitis (“yellow fat disease”) in kittens fed a commercial canned cat food and prevention of the condition by vitamin E. Cornall Vet 44: 310–318
Davis CL, Gorham JR (1954) The pathology of experimental and natural cases of “yellow fat” disease in swine. Am J Vet Res 15: 55–59
Gershoff SN, Norkin SA (1962) Vitamin E deficiency in cats. J Nutr 77: 303–308
Gross S, Melhorn DK (1972) Vitamin E, red cell lipids and red cell stability in prematurity. Ann NY Acad Sci 203: 141–162
Hayes KC (1974a) Pathophysiology of vitamin E deficiency in monkeys. Am J Clin Nutr 27: 1130–1140
Hayes, KC (1974b) Hemolytic anemia in monkeys deficient in vitamin E. Am J Pathol 77: 123–126
Hayes KC, Rousseau JE Jr (1970) Dialuric acid hemolysis as an index of plasma tocopherol concentration in dogs. Lab Anim Care 20: 48–51
Hayes KC, Rousseau JE Jr, Hegsted DM (1970) Plasma tocopherol concentrations and vitamin E deficiency in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 157: 640–671
Hershkovitz P (1983) Two new species of Aotus (Cebidae, Platyrrhini): a preliminary report on Aotus taxonomy. Am J Primatol 4: 209–243
Hulland TJ (1985) Muscles and tendons. In: Jubb KVF, Kennedy PC, Palmer N (eds) Pathology of domestic animals, 3rd edn. Academic, Orlando, pp 139–199
Kayden HJ, Silber R (1965) The role of vitamin E deficiency in the abnormal autohemolysis of acanthocytosis. Trans Assoc Am Phys 78: 334–342
Lampert P, Blumberg JM, Pentschew A (1964) An electron microscopic study of dystrophic axons in gracile and cuneate nuclei of vitamin E-deficient rats. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 23: 60–67
Liu SK, Dolensek EP, Tappe JP, Stover J, Adams CR (1984) Cardiomyopathy associated with vitamin E deficiency in seven gelada baboons (Theropithecus gelada). J Am Vet Med Assoc 185: 1347–1350
Meydani SN, Nicolosi RJ, Sehgal PK, Hayes KC (1983) Altered lipoprotein metabolism in spontaneous vitamin E deficiency of owl monkeys. Am J Clin Nutr 38: 888–894
Munson TO, Holzworth J, Small E, Witzel S, Jones TC, Luginbuhl H (1958) Steatitis (“yellow fat”) in cats fed canned red tuna. JAVMA 133: 563–568
Murphy JR (1965) Erythrocyte metabolism. VI. Cell shape and the location of cholesterol in the erythrocyte membrane. J Lab Clin Med 65: 756–774
Oski FA, Barnes LA (1967) Vitamin E deficiency: a previously unrecognized cause of hemolytic anemia in the premature infant. J Pediat 70: 211–220
Sehgal PK, Bronson RT, Brady PS, Mclntyre KW, Elliott MW (1980) Therapeutic efficacy of vitamin E and selenium in treating hemolytic anemia of owl monkeys (Aotus trivirgatus). Lab Anim Sci 30: 92–98
Stowe HD, Whitehair CK (1963) Gross and microscopic pathology of tocopherol deficient mink. J Nutr 81: 287–300
Underwood BA, Denning CR, Navab M (1972) Polyunsaturated fatty acids and tocopherol levels in patients with cystic fibrosis. Ann NY Acad Sci 203: 237–247
Walsh FX, Nicolosi RJ, Meydani SN, Sehgal PK, Hayes KC (1982) Hemolytic anemia of owl monkeys: red blood cell lipid alterations. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 169: 253–259
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1993 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
King, N.W. (1993). Vitamin E-Responsive Hemolytic Anemia and Necrotizing Myopathy, Owl Monkeys. In: Jones, T.C., Mohr, U., Hunt, R.D. (eds) Nonhuman Primates. Monographs on Pathology of Laboratory Animals. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84924-4_47
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84924-4_47
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-84926-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-84924-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive