Abstract
Animals with toxoplasmosis are frequently found dead without previous signs of illness and are often in very good physical condition at death, reflecting the very acute nature of infection. Clinical signs, when observed, are nonspecific and usually consist of lethargy or severe depression. Animals generally die shortly after the observed onset, frequently within minutes or hours, although illness of 1–5 days and weight loss over several months in one zoo have been described (McKissick et al. 1968). The lungs are consistently involved and are usually firm, uniformly dark red, and congested and edematous on section. The trachea frequently contains red-tinged froth. Lymphadenopathy is common with mesenteric lymph nodes often enlarged with hemorrhage and necrosis.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Anderson DC, McClure HM (1982) Acute disseminated fatal toxoplasmosis in a squirrel monkey. J Am Vet Med Assoc 181: 1363–1366
Borst GHA, van Knapen F (1984) Acute acquired toxoplasmosis in primates in a zoo. J Zoo Anim Med 15: 60–62
Conley FK, Jenkins KA, Remington JS (1981) Toxoplasma gondii infection of the central nervous system. Use of the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method to demonstrate Toxoplasma in formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissue sections. Hum Pathol 12: 690–698
Dickson J, Fry J, Fairfax R, Spence T (1983) Epidemic toxoplasmosis in captive squirrel monkeys ( Saimiri sciureus ). Vet Rec 112: 302
Dreesen DW (1990) Toxoplasma gondii infections in wildlife. J Am Vet Med Assoc 196: 274–276
Dubey JP (1976) A review of Sarcocystis of domestic animals and of other coccidia of cats and dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 169: 1061–1078
Dubey JP, Beattie CP (1988) Toxoplasmosis of animals and man. CRC Press, Boca Raton Dubey JP, Kramer LW, Weisbrode SE (1985) Acute death associated with Toxoplasma gondii in ring-tailed lemurs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 187: 1272–1273
Feldman HA (1968) Toxoplasmosis. N Engl J Med 279:1370–1375, 1431–1437
Frenkel JK (1976) Toxoplasmosis. In: Binford CH, Connor DH (eds) Pathology of tropical and extraordinary diseases. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, pp 284–300
Frenkel JK (1985) Toxoplasmosis, lung, mouse and hamster. In: Jones TC, Mohr U, Hunt RD (eds) Respiratory system. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 227–230 (Monographs on pathology of laboratory animals)
Frenkel JK (1990a) Transmission of toxoplasmosis and the role of immunity in limiting transmission and illness. J Am Vet Med Assoc 196: 233–240
Frenkel JK (1990b) Toxoplasmosis in human beings. J Am Vet Med Assoc 196: 240–248
Frenkel JK, Dubey JP, Miller NL (1970) Toxoplasma gondii in cats: fecal stages identified as coccidian oocysts. Science 167: 893–896
Hauser WE, Luft BJ, Conley FK, Remington JS (1982) Central nervous system toxoplasmosis in homosexual and heterosexual adults. N Engl J Med 307: 498–499
Krogstad DJ, Visvesvara GS, Walls KW, Smith JW (1991) Blood and tissue protozoa. In: Balows A, Hausler WJ, Herrmann KL, Isenberg HD, Shadomy HJ (eds) Manual of clinical microbiology, 5th edn. pp 727–750
McKissick GE, Ratcliffe HL, Koestner A (1968) Enzootic toxoplasmosis in caged squirrel monkeys Saimiri sciureus. Pathol Vet 5: 538–560
Nicolle C, Manceaux L (1909) Sur un protozoaire nouveau du Gondi. C R Acad Sci 148: 369–372
Ratcliffe HL, Worth CB (1951) Toxoplasmosis of captive wild birds and mammals. Am J Pathol 27: 655–667
Remington JS, Cavanaugh EN (1965) Isolation of the encysted form of Toxoplasma gondii from human skeletal muscle and brain. N Engl J Med 273:1308– 1310
Seibold HR, Wolf RH (1971) Toxoplasmosis in Aotus trivirgatus and Callicebus moloch. Lab Anim Sci 21: 118–120
Werner H, Janitschke K, Kohler H (1969) Observations on marmoset monkeys of the species Saguinus (Oedipomidas) oedipus following oral and intraperitoneal infection by different cyst-forming Toxoplasma strains of varying virulence: I. Communication: clinical, pathological anatomical and parasitological findings. Zentralbl Bakteriol [Orig] 209: 553–569
Wilson M, Ware DA, Juranek DD (1990) Serologic aspects of toxoplasmosis. J Am Vet Med Assoc 196: 277–281
Zeman DH, Baskin GB (1985) Encephalitozoonosis in squirrel monkeys ( Saimiri sciureus ). Vet Pathol 22: 24–31
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1993 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Anderson, D.C., McClure, H.M. (1993). Toxoplasmosis. In: Jones, T.C., Mohr, U., Hunt, R.D. (eds) Nonhuman Primates I. Monographs on Pathology of Laboratory Animals. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84906-0_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84906-0_9
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-84908-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-84906-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive